SELECT TWO DIFFERENT NURSING THEORIES AND DESCRIBE HOW THEY RELATE TO PATIENT CARE NUR 513

I am glad that the college gives you samples of papers in APA format, it will make writing papers easier because the example is for you to type on. Having the sample will take all the problems of formatting your papers and not knowing if they are spaced correctly or have the appropriate spacing and font. It also gives you an example of the title page and all the correct information on it. It is a great tool to help students be successful and helps me master the appropriate formatting of APA format. APA format is used to give the correct reference to make the paper acceptable for higher academics and give credit to the author who originally gave the information (Toledo University, n.d.). With this formatting tool, it will help me be successful with this assignment, as well as this program.

SELECT TWO DIFFERENT NURSING THEORIES AND DESCRIBE HOW THEY RELATE TO PATIENT CARE NUR 513

SELECT TWO DIFFERENT NURSING THEORIES AND DESCRIBE HOW THEY RELATE TO PATIENT CARE NUR 513

Nursing theories are vital for guiding practice, especially as it relates to the nurse-patient relationship, to encourage behavioral changes, test every aspect of the nursing process, and achieve goals within the profession. Imogene King’s Goal Attainment Theory stands out as one model for nurses in providing holistic patient care. Another theory that remains relevant to current nursing practice is Virginia Henderson’s Need Theory. 

King’s Goal Attainment Theory is rooted in nurses and patients collaborating by sharing information, creating objectives for the patient’s health, and actively working together to reach those aspirations (Nursing Theory, 2023). Furthermore, goal attainment theory centers on three interrelated systems: personal, interpersonal, and social (Fronczek, 2022). This approach encourages continuous communication between the nurse, who is part of, and influences the environment, and the patient to accomplish and maintain the patient’s health and individual role (Nursing Theory, 2023). The pros of this theory are that both nurses and patients work as a team to share ideas and focus on goal fulfillment which supports the practice of nursing to utilize the nursing process in a plethora of healthcare settings. The cons of this model are that of communication breakdown, for example, breaches in electronic charting systems and reluctance of patients to share information which can affect accurate diagnoses and care plans (Fronczek, 2022). This is related to ethical issues of nurses being knowledgeable about their patient’s preferred mode of communication and delves into cultural preferences, background, education, and experience which must be considered for a cohesive nurse-patient relationship and goal attainment.

Virginia Henderson’s Need Theory emphasizes patients proactively engaging in their care to achieve positive health to recover quickly and return to independence (Nursing Theory, 2023). The nurse treats the patient as though the patient were in a state of good health and could take care of themselves (Nursing Theory, 2023). The need theory addresses 14 areas of human necessities of health which include spiritual, social, physiological, and psychological factors that help create fundamental nursing practices (Nursing Theory, 2023). The pros of this model are that nurses aid patients through the assessment of needs and establish an environment that sets the stage for patients to be avid co-creators in their health, striving to regain functionality and self-reliance. The con of this theory is that patients can be non-compliant, consciously choose to disengage from autonomous healthcare decisions, or be incapacitated to do so, in turn prolonging their care and creating additional health issues. This can then bring up ethical issues related to a patient’s family having to step in to make medical decisions on the patient’s behalf.   

Topic 4 DQ 2

Select two different nursing theories and describe how they relate to patient care. How could you use them for inciting behavioral changes? Discuss the pros and cons of applying each theory and how they could be integrated into your future practice. Are there any particular ethical issues related to the integration of these theories that should be considered?

In response to your peers, cite a study that used one of the nursing theories you discussed. Explain the impact of the nursing theory on your approach to patient care. Cite at least one source to support your response.

Week 4 CAT Question

Do you feel there is a difference between having a college degree from a traditional brick and mortar school as opposed to an online degree? Answers are voluntary but do count towards one of your three substantive posts for the week if you meet the 200-word minimum requirement.

Most students who pursue an online degree have busy lives. It may not be possible for them to attend classes in-person due to their work, family demands, or other commitments. So fortunately for these students, there are now many degree programs offered partially or even completely online, meaning these students don’t have to miss out on advancing their careers and achieving their goals because of their busy schedules.

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But some students may be reluctant to enroll for an online degree program based on worrying about how an online degree will be viewed by employers. 

There are however different types of online degree programs. Some online degree programs are completed 100 percent online, with no physical interactionwith other students or professors. And, rather than having to attend class on a set schedule, these students can learn at their own pace, studying and completing assignments in the spare time between work shifts and caring for children.

But for anyone with time restrictions or who lives far away from a physical college campus, it’s a realistic avenue for starting and completing a bachelor’s degree in dozens of respected fields.

An online degree program is the only option for me at this time in my life. I presently work two jobs as well as help care for my grandson when I have a day off while my daughter finishes school and my son-in-law goes to work. 

The only difference I feel between going to a regular on-site college versus an online college is not being able to access the resources provided to me in person but at this point in life and in my career, flexibility is everything! Conveniency is also a huge factor; I can obtain advanced degrees while still providing for those I’m responsible for. Other than that, I’m still putting in work and I still have to reach deadlines and meet obligations. I’m still researching on topics that I’ve never dealt with in depth. I appreciate online degrees because I don’t have to physically sit in a classroom and wait for the bell to ring or someone to announce, “class dismissed”. It allows me the free-time and the autonomy to navigate my own schedule. I also can save time and money because I don’t have to commute to college campuses. I appreciate the independence that online schooling provides me, I’m free to work at my own pace, I’m free to log in whichever day I choose, just as long as it meets the numerical obligation weekly. I love the personalized educational component with online degrees because I feel I do my best work alone, there is less distraction to block out and I can efficiently gather my thoughts. The degree will be the same whether completed online or in person.

On-site college degree allows you to meet the lecturer face-to-face unlike the online degree. But I think the introduction of online education is very flexible and convenient and its easy for a lot of people to achieve their education dreams. I am benefiting from online education because and its very convenient to me. Aside the flexibility, deadlines are set for assignments to be submitted. Likewise the on-site college deadlines are set and assignments must be turned in. another difference is that, with the online the student literally does most of the reading and understanding on his own whilst on site, the lecturers are readily accessible for all explanations needed. But in all of these, the end result matters. The main focus is to get. to the finishing line with all the knowledge acquired to excel. Whether on-site or online, the curriculum remains the same, the timeliness remains the same. I will choose online courses over again because I am able to work at my pace though I like the traditional way too I feel online makes life easier. I am a master of my own education with online. This makes me independent and very focused and challenges me to research more. 

In my personal opinion studying online so far has been excellent. As a full-time working mom, I can control and manage my time well according to my schedule. I am working the night shift, and I feel like my mind works better around 2 AM and feels like a zombie during noon. I often sleep early on my day off and will wake up around 1 AM very much alert, which is the best time for me to study and do homework. It helps since we can see our future topics and assignments ahead so I can work early on most of the question discussions. Although, I also miss the good old times when I interacted personally with classmates and the teachers and got spot-on answers. I knew my classmates personally, interacted socially, and developed a rapport. I also missed going to libraries to work on team projects in person, asking questions, and comparing notes. But of course, I have to manage two jobs and be a mom and wife with my busy schedule. That will be too much work and time-consuming, spending so much time going back and forth to school and waiting for the class time to end. The opportunity of going back to graduate school online is a terrific example of how technology and the nursing program cater to the needs of nurses in support of self-development and career advancement.

Nurses apply many concepts in patient care, and the influence of theoretical concepts cannot be overlooked. Broadly, nursing theories enable nurses to improve care quality by allowing them to articulate what they do to patients and the rationale for their actions (Younas & Quennell, 2019). Among many theories, Katharine Kolcaba’s theory of comfort can guide nurses in optimizing patient care outcomes. Its fundamental principle is that comfort is a fundamental need for all patients achieved by providing relief, ease, and transcendence (Vo, 2020). In regular practice, relief enhances comfort, and ease promotes calmness, while transcendence is all about helping the patient overcome painful stressors. The other theory is Florence Nightingale’s environmental theory. Florence stressed that nurses and patients must be cognizant of the role of the environment in the healing process (Riegel et al., 2021). As a result, the patient should stay in conditions with adequate sunlight, fresh air, and pure water, among other essential components.

The two theories can be used to incite behavioral changes. In the theory of comfort, nurses should seek behaviors that optimize comfort and educate patients and families on achieving the same. The environmental theory can guide nurses and families to implement behavioral interventions that make the environment safe, comfortable, and supportive for patients to enhance healing (Riegel et al., 2021). Regarding the pros, both theories promote a patient-centered practice and holism in patient care. However (the cons), they require intensive nurse participation hence time-consuming. The environmental theory also requires nurses to factor in many environmental elements, including light, air, cleanliness, and drainage. Therefore, they must assess the patients continuously to ensure they stay in the proper care environment.

Acute care practice requires nurses to be conversant with all the patient’s needs. Active engagement of patients in the care process is highly recommended. Kolcaba’s theory can be integrated into acute care to optimize patients’ comfort. The environmental theory can be the basis of promoting holistic healing by ensuring the patient’s environment meets the threshold of safe, supportive, and comfortable surroundings. Ethical issues that should be considered when integrating these theories include informed consent, implications on safety, and their potential harm to nurses. For instance, engaging nurses too much in care might cause exhaustion (harm) and hamper their potential.

SELECT TWO DIFFERENT NURSING THEORIES AND DESCRIBE HOW THEY RELATE TO PATIENT CARE NUR 513 References

Riegel, F., Crossetti, M. D. G. O., Martini, J. G., & Nes, A. A. G. (2021). Florence Nightingale’s theory and her contributions to holistic critical thinking in nursing. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 74 (2). https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0139

Vo, T. (2020). A practical guide for frontline workers during COVID-19: Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory. Journal of Patient Experience, 7(5), 635–639. https://doi.org/10.1177/2374373520968392

Younas, A., & Quennell, S. (2019). Usefulness of nursing theory‐guided practice: an integrative review. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 33(3), 540-555. https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.12670

Nursing theories promote evidence-based practice both in schools and hospitals. Pioneered by Florence Nightingale, nurses continue to utilize different theories in their specific practice. Florence Nightingale environmental theory (ET) stated that “nursing ought to be to signify proper use of fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet, and the proper selection of administrative diet that was affordable to patients (Gaines, 2023). ET focuses on maintenance of sanitary conditions while providing care to prevent infections. Unsanitary conditions could lead to unavoidable deaths, prolonged hospital stay and subsequent increase in the cost of healthcare. Tourville & Ingalls (2003) observed that upon implementation of the ET Nightingale was able to reduce the mortality rate caused by unsanitary hospital conditions among the injured soldiers. Environmental theory helps the nurses to always adhere to hand hygiene sterile techniques and maintenance of infection prevention. If taught to nursing students, it fosters a safe environment as they transition to hospitals however its downside is that if a conscious decision is not made to involve patients in implementing the ET and educating them there is a high likelihood of them coming back with recurrent infections, hence undoing the gains.

Dorothea Orem’s self-care deficit theory focuses on provision of individualized care with regards to age and capabilities. Nurses provide care by leading, assisting, educating, adjusting, adapting and role modeling to enhance the individuals’ daily lives (Isik & Fredland, 2023). This empowers patients to be able to conduct most functions for themselves as possible which is achieved by nurses assessing the patient’s self-care capabilities, identifying deficits, and providing appropriate education on the importance of self-care (Ali, 2023). One of the pros is that the theory could be used in multiple settings such as hospitals and communities to promote well-being of patients. The con to both theories is that they unilaterally focus on either patient or the nurse and do not define the nature of nurse-patient relationship for the successful implementation. Both the theories are in line with the nurse ethics where the nurse has the responsibility to promote health and safety of the patients with an aim of yielding optimal patients’ outcome.