PICOT QUESTION AND LITERATURE RESEARCH NRS 433

PICOT QUESTION AND LITERATURE RESEARCH NRS 433

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Summary of Clinical Issue (200-250 words):

            Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the health problems that affect a significant proportion of people globally. It is estimated that one in every 11 adults has diabetes across the world. From this number, about 90% of the cases are attributed to type 2 diabetes mellitus. The high rate of diabetes mellitus type 2 has made it be ranked as the major cause of mortalities worldwide. It increases the risk of vascular disorders with almost 65% of patients with diabetes mellitus dying from cardiovascular disease. Other complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic foot, and diabetic nephropathy (Kaiser et al., 2018). Diabetes mellitus type 2 arises from a combination of multiple risk factors. They include genetics, obesity, physical inactivity, and hypertension. Effective management of type 2 diabetes is important for the prevention of its complications and loss of lives. Accordingly, the management of type 2 diabetes relies mainly on the use of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Pharmacological interventions focus on the use of drugs to regulate the level of blood glucose. On the other hand, non-pharmacological interventions aim at utilizing lifestyle and behavioral approaches for glycemic control. It includes the provision of health education to the patients on the importance of healthy, balanced diet, engaging in active physical activity, and monitoring body weight (Bullard et al., 2018). The use of lifestyle and behavioral interventions has been shown in studies to be highly effective when used with medications for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Despite this, the use of the combined interventions has not been explored in our setting, hence, the proposed focus in this project.

PICOT Question:

In adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, does the use of lifestyle and behavioral interventions with medications result in better treatment outcomes when compared to the use of medications alone in a period of six months?

Criteria	Article 1	Article 2	Article 3
APA-Formatted Article Citation with Permalink	Johansen, M. Y., MacDonald, C. S., Hansen, K. B., Karstoft, K., Christensen, R., Pedersen, M., … & Iepsen, U. W. (2017). Effect of an intensive lifestyle intervention on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial. Jama, 318(7), 637-646. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2648632	Athinarayanan, S. J., Adams, R. N., Hallberg, S. J., McKenzie, A. L., Bhanpuri, N. H., Campbell, W. W., … & McCarter, J. P. (2019). Long-term effects of a novel continuous remote care intervention including nutritional ketosis for the management of type 2 diabetes: a 2-year non-randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in endocrinology, 10, 348.  https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00348	Moncrieft, A. E., Llabre, M. M., McCalla, J. R., Gutt, M., Mendez, A. J., Gellman, M. D., … & Schneiderman, N. (2016). Effects of a multicomponent life-style intervention on weight, glycemic control, depressive symptoms, and renal function in low-income, minority patients with type 2 diabetes: results of the community approach to lifestyle modification for diabetes randomized controlled trial. Psychosomatic medicine, 78(7), 851. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5003734/
How Does the Article Relate to the PICOT Question?	The article examines the effectiveness of lifestyle intervention on the glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. The participants utilized the lifestyle intervention alongside the medications for treating the disease. Therefore, the outcomes provide insight into the outcomes associated with the use of lifestyle intervention alongside medications in type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Lifestyle interventions in the management of type 2 diabetes include dietary modification for glycemic control. This study investigated the use of nutritional ketosis in the management of type 2 diabetes. The participants were also under medical treatment of the disease. Therefore, the research relates to the PICOT question since it shows the effectiveness of the lifestyle intervention in the management of type 2 diabetes. A comparison is made with use of standard care.	The article explored the effectiveness of, multicomponent lifestyle intervention with medications use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study shows that when compared to the usual care, multicomponent lifestyle interventions are effective for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, it shed light on the relevance of the proposed PICOT statement.
Quantitative, Qualitative (How do you know?)	The study is a quantitative research. There was randomization of the study participants. The methods of the study also point towards a quantitative methodology.	The research was a quantitative study. It can be seen from its methods such as randomization and use of statistical methods to analyze the data.	The study is a quantitative study. There was the use of methods such as randomization of the participants and quantitative methods of data collection and analysis.
Purpose Statement	To investigate the effect of lifestyle intervention on glycemic control in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes.	To investigate the long-term effects of nutritional ketosis on the management of diabetes mellitus type 2.	To determine the effects of multicomponent behavioral intervention on renal function, weight, depressive symptoms, and glycemic control in minority patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Research Question	What is the effect of intensive lifestyle intervention on glycemic control in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes?	What are the long-term effects of nutritional ketosis on the management of diabetes mellitus type 2?	What are the effects of multicomponent behavioral intervention on renal function, weight, depressive symptoms, and glycemic control in minority patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Outcome	The outcomes for this study included levels of hemoglobin A1c, symptom management, and quality of life of the patients.	The primary outcomes in the study included fasting glucose, HbAic, c-peptide, fasting insulin, and weight. The secondary outcomes included bone mineral density, lower extremity lean mass and abdominal fat content.	The primary outcomes in this study included glycemic control, weight, and depressive symptoms.
Setting (Where did the study take place?)	The study was conducted in Region Zealand as well as Capital Region of Denmark.	The study was conducted in the Lafayette, USA.	The study was conducted in Miami, USA.
Sample	98 patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus type 2	The sample consisted of 262 participants who were assigned to the continuous care intervention group including ketosis and 87 participants who were placed in the usual care group.	The sample consisted of 111 adults with diabetes mellitus type 2. They were assigned randomly to treatment and control groups.
Method	The method for the study was a randomized, assessor blinded single center study.	The study was an open-label non-randomized control study. The participants in the treatment group received usual continuous care plus nutritional ketosis for two years. The participants in the control group received the usual care alone.	The study was a randomized controlled trial. The participants in the treatment group were administered with interventions that included physical activity, dietary modification, cognitive behavioral therapy, and social learning therapy to manage depressive symptoms. The participants in this group were tracked to determine the effectiveness of the interventions. The participants in the control group however received the usual care that included the use of medications for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Key Findings of the Study	There was a significant change in the level of HbA1c by the end of the 12 months follow-up period. The HbA1c level changed from 6.65% to 6.34% in the treatment group and 6.74% to 6.66% in the control group.	There was a reduction in fasting glucose, HbA1c, weight, fasting insulin, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, liver alanine transaminase, and diastolic blood pressure in the treatment group. There was also an increase in HDL-C. These outcomes remain unchanged in the control group.	There was decrease in weight, HbA1c and levels of depressive symptoms in the participants in the treatment group. There was also an improvement in the overall glomerular filtration rate. There were insignificant changes in the participants in the usual care group.
Recommendations of the Researcher	The use of intensive lifestyle intervention with medications is more beneficial than the standard care alone. However, further studies are needed to evaluate durability and generalizability of the findings.	The use of lifestyle interventions such as nutritional ketosis has long-term benefits on multiple markets of diabetes. The use of the approach should be considered for clinical use.	Multicomponent behavioral interventions are effective in not only managing the symptoms of diabetes mellitus type 2 but also depressive symptoms that affect the quality of life of these patients. Therefore, multicomponent interventions should be supported to ensure the realization of optimum outcomes of care for these patients.

Criteria	Article 4	Article 5	Article 6
APA-Formatted Article Citation with Permalink	Følling, I. S., Solbjør, M., Midthjell, K., Kulseng, B., & Helvik, A. S. (2016). Exploring lifestyle and risk in preventing type 2 diabetes-a nested qualitative study of older participants in a lifestyle intervention program (VEND-RISK). BMC public health, 16(1), 876. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4997726/	Aujla, N., Yates, T., Dallosso, H., & Kai, J. (2019). Users’ experiences of a pragmatic diabetes prevention intervention implemented in primary care: qualitative study. BMJ open, 9(8), e028491. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/8/e028491	Rygg, L.O., Lohre, A. and Hellzen, O. (2017) Lifestyle Changes in Diet and Physical Activities after Group Education for Type 2 Diabetes—The Active Ingredient in the Education. A Qualitative Study. Open Journal of Nursing, 7, 1181- 1195. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojn.2017.710086
How Does the Article Relate to the PICOT Question?	The article explores the perceptions of adults at risk of developing type 2 diabetes on the use of lifestyle interventions. It therefore relates to the PICOT question because it explores the acceptability, effectiveness, and use of lifestyle interventions in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. It also provides insights into the factors that should be considered for the successful utilization of lifestyle interventions in the management and prevention of the disease.	The article provides insights into the acceptability and effectiveness of lifestyle intervention programs in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. As a result, it shows the enhanced effectiveness of the proposed intervention in this project, hence, its relevance to the PICOT statement.	The article explores the experiences of participants in a lifestyle intervention program that aimed at promoting effective management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The article reveals that the lifestyle interventions were effective in empowering the participants engage in healthy eating habits and physical activity. Therefore, it supports the PICOT question by showing the benefits of lifestyle interventions in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Quantitative, Qualitative (How do you know?)	The study is a qualitative study. It can be seen from the use of qualitative methods of data analysis such as systematic text condensation.	The study is a qualitative research. This can be seen from the use of thematic analysis of the audiotaped and transcribed data.	The research is a qualitative study. It can be seen from the methods of data analysis such as thematic analysis and audio recording of participant data.
Purpose Statement	To explore the ways in which older adults perceive their lifestyle as well as being at risk of type 2 diabetes while participating in a lifestyle intervention program.	To explore the provider and user experience of the value and acceptability of the Let’s Prevent Diabetes program that used structured behavioral interventions for the prevention of the disease.	To explore the experiences of the participants in diabetes self-management education in relation to physical activity and diet
Research Question	In what ways do the older adults perceive their lifestyle as well as being at risk of type 2 diabetes while participating in a lifestyle intervention program?	What is provider and user experience of the value and acceptability of the Let’s Prevent Diabetes program in prevention of type 2 diabetes?	What are the experiences of the participants in diabetes self-management education in relation to physical activity and diet?
Outcome	The outcomes of the study included perception of the participants towards lifestyle intervention program.	The outcome for the study included the self-perceived user and provider experience with the behavioral interventions for the prevention of diabetes type 2.	The perceived experiences of the participants with the lifestyle interventions targeting dietary modification and physical exercises
Setting (Where did the study take place?)	The study was conducted in Norway in Nord-Trondelag County.	The study was conducted in East Midlands, UK.	The study was conducted in Central Norway
Sample	The sample consisted of 26 participants who were at a risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus	The sample consisted of 32. They included 22 participants who attended the program and 10 providers who implemented it.	The study used 16 participants
Method	In-depth interviews were conducted with the participants for six weeks. Notes as well as reflections were written down at the end of the interviews. The interviews were audio-recorded. Data was transcribed verbatim and text condensation done to obtain relevant themes from it.	The participants engaged in in-depth interviews that were audio-recorded. The data was then transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis performed to identify the common themes in the narratives.	Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants who were newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The participants also had history of difficulties in regulating their blood sugar levels alongside expressing interest to attend the program. The audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis performed.
Key Findings of the Study	The findings revealed two themes that relate to the use of lifestyle intervention in prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The first theme was the need for resources to maintain active lifestyle. The second them included the increased level of awareness about the risk behavior and health related worries that are needed for diabetes prevention. Therefore, the participants perceived that the lifestyle interventions were applicable and acceptable for their use in preventing diabetes.	The findings of the study revealed that the lifestyle and behavioral program was acceptable for use in the prevention of type 2 diabetes. However, it should be structured to address the cultural needs of the different participants. There is also the need for the provision of resources and facilitation of the participants at the locality or general practice level. Despite these challenges, the participants reported that the lifestyle and behavioral interventions increased their level of awareness on preventive measures for type 2 diabetes mellitus.	The findings of the study revealed that lifestyle intervention program transformed the dietary and physical exercises habits of the participants. The participants were optimistic of changing their diets alongside engaging in multiple active physical exercises to maintain their blood glucose levels. Therefore, the use of lifestyle interventions such as the diabetes self-management education is effective in promoting the management of symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Recommendations of the Researcher	Effective implementation of lifestyle interventions for prevention and management of diabetes requires adequate resource availability. Health organizations and providers should ensure that optimum support is provided to patients with diabetes for the goals of self-care management to be achieved.	Lifestyle and behavioral interventions are acceptable for use in the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, prevention information should be structured in a manner that increases user engagement and integration of services for increased uptake and effectiveness of the interventions.	Interactive learning should be incorporated into lifestyle and behavioral interventions that target prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. Interactive learning motivates the patients to play an active role in the self-management of their conditions.

                                                                                              References

Bullard, K. M., Cowie, C. C., Lessem, S. E., Saydah, S. H., Menke, A., Geiss, L. S., … & Imperatore, G. (2018). Prevalence of diagnosed diabetes in adults by diabetes type—United States, 2016. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 67(12), 359.

Kaiser, A. B., Zhang, N., & Van Der Pluijm, W. (2018). Global prevalence of type 2 diabetes over the next ten years (2018-2028).

Assessment Description

The first step of the evidence-based practice process is to evaluate a nursing practice environment to identify a nursing problem in the clinical area. When a nursing problem is discovered, the nurse researcher develops a clinical guiding question to address that nursing practice problem.

For this assignment, you will create a clinical guiding question know as a PICOT question. The PICOT question must be relevant to a nursing practice problem.

Use the “Literature Evaluation Table” to complete this assignment. Prior to starting the “Literature Evaluation Table,” complete the following:

1. Select a nursing practice problem of interest to use as the focus of your research. Start with the patient population and identify a clinical problem or issue that arises from the patient population.
2. Following the PICOT format, write a PICOT question in your selected area of interest. The PICOT question should be applicable to your proposed capstone project (the project students must complete during their final course in the RN-BSN program of study).
3. Conduct a literature search to locate six research articles focused on your selected nursing practice problem of interest. Note: This literature search should include three quantitative and three qualitative peer-reviewed research articles to support your nursing practice problem. A mixed methods article can qualify towards meeting a qualitative or quantitative methodology.

Articles must be published within the last 5 years, appropriate for the assignment criteria, and relevant to nursing practice.

The PICOT question and six peer-reviewed research articles you choose will be utilized for subsequent assignments. The PICOT question will also provide a framework for your capstone project.

Note: To assist in your search, remove the words qualitative and quantitative and include words that narrow or broaden your main topic. For example: Search for diabetes and pediatric and dialysis. To determine what research design was used in the articles the search produced, review the abstract and the methods section of the article. The author will provide a description of data collection using qualitative or quantitative methods. Systematic reviews, literature reviews, and metanalysis articles are good resources and provide a strong level of evidence but are not considered primary research articles. Therefore, they should not be included in this assignment.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. 

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are not required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite.

PICOT Question: Among older adults aged 65 years and above in nursing homes and residences (P), does the implementation of TIPS framework (I) compared to normal safety measures (C), reduce and prevent fall by 60% and associated effects (O) within six months (T)?

Criteria	Article 1	Article 2	Article 3
APA-formatted article citation with permalink	Vincenzo, J. L., Patton, S. K., Lefler, L. L., McElfish, P. A., Wei, J., & Curran, G. M. (2022). A qualitative study of older adults’ facilitators, barriers, and cues to action to engage in falls prevention using health belief model constructs. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics, 99, 104610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2021.104610	Carter, E. J., Khasnabish, S., Adelman, J., Bogaisky, M., Lindros, M. E., Alfieri, L., … & Dykes, P. (2020). Adoption of a patient-tailored fall prevention program in academic health systems: a qualitative study of barriers and facilitators. OBM Geriatrics, 4(2), 1-21. doi:10.21926/obm.geriatr.2002119	Rogers, C., Shamley, D., & Amosun, S. (2021). Older adults’ experience of an exergaming intervention to improve balance and prevent falls: a nested explanatory qualitative study. Applied Sciences, 11(24), 11678. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112411678
How does the article relate to the PICOT question?	The article supports the PICOT as it demonstrates the efficacy of using different interventions that focus on improving patient safety among patients	The article relates to the PICOT question as it demonstrates that fall TIPS can have significant impact on patients and staff when implemented in any setting.	The article relates to the PICOT as it shows that using better tailored interventions can reduce falls among patients in different settings.
Is the article qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods? Justify your selection.	Qualitative The article is qualitative based on the method that the researchers apply informed grounded theory and focus groups based on semi-structured interviews	Qualitative The researchers use qualitative approaches like observation and interviews to gather perceptions and opinions about the implemented Fall TIPS aspects.	Qualitative The researchers uses focus groups and analyze the results using content analysis.
Purpose statement	The purpose of the study was to gather views and perceptions from older patients about ways to prevent falls	The purpose of the article was to identify the barriers and facilitators to Fall TIPS adoption.	The purpose of the article was to explore the efficacy of a large-scale randomized control trial that compared an exergaming intervention and gold-standard one as well as no intervention.
Research question(s)	Does engagement in fall prevention activities reduce and prevent falls?	What are the barriers and facilitators to Fall TIPS adoption in healthcare organizations?	What is the effects of using tailored interventions to improve patient safety through reduction and prevention of falls?
Outcome(s)	The outcomes demonstrate that using fall prevention activities focused on patient safety reduce falls among elderly patients in diverse settings	The researchers identified both facilitators and barriers to Fall TIPS implementation. The outcome also show that Fall TIPS enhanced collaboration between staff and patients since they were tailored to each patient needs and preferences	The outcomes show an improvement in different aspects related to fall prevention. The study also explored attitudes toward fall and fall prevention.
Setting (Where did the study take place?)	The setting was a community dwelling of older adults with average age of 78 years.	The setting entailed 11 hospitals representing three academic health systems.	The setting comprised of different areas based on the origin of participants.
Sample	The sample comprised of 27 older adults living in a community dwelling.	The sample comprised of 50 patients and focus groups with 71 staff	The sample comprised of 14 participants in the OEP framework and 16 on the WBB model
Method	Informed grounded theory and focus groups	The researchers used  interviews  and focus groups	The researchers used focus groups and interviews.
Key findings of the study and implications for nursing practice	The findings from the study show that individuals do not engage in fall prevention activities due to different reasons like severity and susceptibility. The findings also demonstrate diverse facilitators in engaging in fall prevention. The implications for nursing practice from this study is that providers should engage in tailored interventions based on the unique setting of the patients.	The use of Fall TIPS led to increased motivation among nurses, improved patients’ understanding of their roles and integration of the intervention into the workflow processes. The researchers also identified barriers like poor engagement practices, use of residual fall prevention strategies; especially one-size-fits-all approach. The implication of the study is that nurses should adopt Fall TIPS to improve safety in their settings.	The findings from the study show that those engaged through exergaming model enjoyed the applied intervention but did not comply with the provisions. The focus groups showed barriers and facilitators to implementation of TIPS in their areas or facilities.
Recommendations of the researcher	The researchers recommend the need for people to engage in fall prevention behaviors by addressing the barriers like limited knowledge and perceived self-severity and susceptibility to falls.	The researchers recommend the use of Fall TIPS adoption and enhancement of staff engagement of patients to develop trusting partnerships to improve safety among them.	The article recommends increased engagement of patients and implementation of strategies that are tailored to meet patient needs.

Criteria	Article 4	Article 5	Article 6
APA-formatted article citation with permalink	Guo, X., Wang, Y., Wang, L., Yang, X., Yang, W., Lu, Z., & He, M. (2023). Effect of a fall prevention strategy for the older patients: A quasi‐experimental study. Nursing open, 10(2), 1116-1124. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.1379	Duckworth, M., Adelman, J., Belategui, K., Feliciano, Z., Jackson, E., Khasnabish, S., … & Dykes, P. C. (2019). Assessing the effectiveness of engaging patients and their families in the three-step fall prevention process across modalities of an evidence-based fall prevention toolkit: an implementation science study. Journal of medical internet research, 21(1), e10008. DOI: 10.2196/10008	Dykes, P. C., Khasnabish, S., Burns, Z., Adkison, L. E., Alfieri, L., Bogaisky, M., … & Adelman, J. S. (2022). Development and validation of a fall prevention efficiency scale. Journal of patient safety, 18(2), 94. DOI: 10.1097/PTS.0000000000000811
How does the article relate to the PICOT question?	The article relates to the PICOT as it illustrates the effectiveness of using a fall prevention approach tailored to patient needs.	The article relates to the PICOT question as it shows that Fall TIPS framework is effective in reducing and preventing the occurrence of falls among diverse patients even in their homes.	Using a mixed method approach, the article related to the PICOT question as it shows that Fall TIPS model is effective in reducing falls
Is the article qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods? Justify your selection.	Quantitative The article is quantitative since it employs a quasi-experimental design	Quantitative The article analyzes the outcomes through quantitative approaches like conducting risk assessments.	Mixed Methods The article incorporates both qualitative and quantitative approaches.
Purpose statement	The purpose of the article was to explore the impact of a fall prevention strategy among older patients founded on the patient engagement design.	The purpose of the article was to assess the effects of Fall TIPS modality on patient engagement in a three-step fall prevention process and gauge efficacy.	The purpose of the study was to learn the benefits and burdens associated with Fall TIPS program.
Research question(s)	Does engagement of patients reduce and prevent the occurrence of falls among elderly patients or individuals?	Does the Fall TIPS modality affect patient engagement using a 3-step fall prevention process and efficacy?	Does the implementation of Fall TIPS improve nurses’ ability to reduce and prevent falls?
Outcome(s)	The outcomes show that the intervention reduces falls among the targeted population.	The outcomes show that patient engagement is essential for implementing Fall TIPS interventions.	The outcomes show that learning about providers’ beliefs in the use of time related to Fall TIPS implementation is essential to enhance results that include a reduction in falls.
Setting (Where did the study take place?)	The study occurred in a hospital with two groups or cohorts to demonstrate the efficacy of the intervention.	The researchers conducted the study in healthcare settings in Boston and New York, Bronx and Manhattan	Three hospitals in Massachusetts and 3 in New York
Sample	The sample comprised of 116 subject with the intervention group having 58 and control with 58.	The sample comprised of nurses at the selected facilities.	The sample comprise of 72 nurses who participated in two phases of group interviews.
Method	The researchers used a longitudinal quasi-experimental quantitative design	Three modalities that included laminated Fall TIPS poster, electronic Fall TIPS poster and paperless patient safety displays at the bed side.	The methods included initial qualitative, second qualitative and psychometric evaluation.
Key findings of the study and implications for nursing practice	The key findings include effectiveness of the intervention, and need to engage patients when implementing the strategy. The implications of the study for nursing practice is that nurses should implement strategies that are patient-centered to improve their overall safety. The implication for nursing practice is each intervention works differently based on patient’s overall condition.	The findings show that these interventions are Fall TIPS that lead to improved safety and management of falls among patients. The implication of the article to nursing practice is that nurses should embrace these interventions to improve safety by preventing and reducing falls in their settings.	The key findings for the article include learning about the facilitators and burdens that nurses encounter when implementing falls in their settings, especially through Fall TIPS. The implications for nursing practice is that nurses should understand organizational barriers that can hinder the implementation of Fall TIPS.
Recommendations of the researcher	The researchers recommend more studies to understand the efficacy and effectiveness of engaging patients to develop a patient safety tool to reduce and prevent falls.	The researchers recommend implementation of the Fall TIPS to enhance patient safety and quality care for the affected patients.	Learning of these barriers allows organizations to improve areas of weakness and correct problems that waste time.

Conclusion

Falls are a concern for nurses and other providers in diverse settings. Falls lead to adverse events and a rise in the cost of care. The use of evidence-based practice approaches is essential in preventing and reducing these events. As such, nurses, patients and other providers should develop Fall TIPS to reduce their occurrence and improve overall safety. The evaluation table shows that researchers can use diverse methodologies to demonstrate the effects of implementing Fall TIPS in their facilities for better management of these events.

References

Albasha, N., Ahern, L., O’Mahony, L., McCullagh, R., Cornally, N., McHugh, S., & Timmons, S. (2023). Implementation strategies

to support fall prevention interventions in long-term care facilities for older persons: a systematic review. BMC geriatrics, 23(1), 47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-03738-z

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2023). Older Adult Fall Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/falls/index.html

Ziegl, A., Hayn, D., Kastner, P., Löffler, K., Weidinger, L., Brix, B., … & Schreier, G. (2020). Quantitative falls risk assessment in

elderly people: results from a clinical study with distance based timed up-and-go test recordings. Physiological measurement, 41(11), 115006. DOI 10.1088/1361-6579/abc352