NURS 6512 I-HUMAN PATIENTS CASE STUDY: ASSESSING THE HEAD, EYES, EARS, NOSE, AND THROAT

Walden University NURS 6512 I-HUMAN PATIENTS CASE STUDY: ASSESSING THE HEAD, EYES, EARS, NOSE, AND THROAT-Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Walden University NURS 6512 I-HUMAN PATIENTS CASE STUDY: ASSESSING THE HEAD, EYES, EARS, NOSE, AND THROAT assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for NURS 6512 I-HUMAN PATIENTS CASE STUDY: ASSESSING THE HEAD, EYES, EARS, NOSE, AND THROAT                     

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Walden University NURS 6512 I-HUMAN PATIENTS CASE STUDY: ASSESSING THE HEAD, EYES, EARS, NOSE, AND THROAT depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for NURS 6512 I-HUMAN PATIENTS CASE STUDY: ASSESSING THE HEAD, EYES, EARS, NOSE, AND THROAT                     

The introduction for the Walden University NURS 6512 I-HUMAN PATIENTS CASE STUDY: ASSESSING THE HEAD, EYES, EARS, NOSE, AND THROAT is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for NURS 6512 I-HUMAN PATIENTS CASE STUDY: ASSESSING THE HEAD, EYES, EARS, NOSE, AND THROAT                     

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NURS 6512 I-HUMAN PATIENTS CASE STUDY: ASSESSING THE HEAD, EYES, EARS, NOSE, AND THROAT assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for NURS 6512 I-HUMAN PATIENTS CASE STUDY: ASSESSING THE HEAD, EYES, EARS, NOSE, AND THROAT                     

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for NURS 6512 I-HUMAN PATIENTS CASE STUDY: ASSESSING THE HEAD, EYES, EARS, NOSE, AND THROAT                     

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for NURS 6512 I-HUMAN PATIENTS CASE STUDY: ASSESSING THE HEAD, EYES, EARS, NOSE, AND THROAT Included After Question

I-HUMAN PATIENTS CASE STUDY: ASSESSING THE HEAD, EYES, EARS, NOSE, AND THROAT

This course will require you to complete a series of case studies using the i-Human Patients software application. The i-Human Patients (IHP) Case Player enables you to interact with virtual patients for the purpose of learning patient-assessment and diagnostic-reasoning skills. With IHP, you will be able to independently interview, examine, diagnose, and treat virtual patients and receive expert feedback on your performance. 

APRNs who are conducting assessments of the ears, nose, and throat must be able to identify the small differences between life-threatening conditions and benign ones. For instance, if a patient with a sore throat and a runny nose also has inflamed lymph nodes, the inflammation is probably due to the pathogen causing the sore throat rather than a case of throat cancer. With this knowledge and a sufficient patient health history, a nurse would not need to escalate the assessment to a biopsy or an MRI of the lymph nodes but would probably perform a simple strep test. 

Most ear, nose, and throat conditions that arise in non-critical care settings are minor in nature. However, subtle symptoms can sometimes escalate into life-threatening conditions that require prompt assessment and treatment. 

For this Assignment, you will examine an i-Human Patients case study. You will then work with an i-Human Patients patient with a condition of the head, neck, eyes, ears, nose, and/or throat. 

Resources

Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources. 

WEEKLY RESOURCES

To prepare:

• By Day 1 of this week, your Instructor will assign an i-Human Patients case for this Assignment. Note: Please see the Course Announcements section of the classroom for your i-Human Patients Assignment. 
• Review this week’s Learning Resources. Consider how to assess, diagnose, and treat patients with conditions of the head, neck, eyes, ears, nose, and/or throat. 
• Access and review the assigned i-Human Patients case study. Based on the provided patient information, think about the health history you would need to collect from the patient. 
• Consider what physical exams and diagnostic tests would be most appropriate to gather more information about the patient’s condition. 
• Reflect on how the results would be used to make a diagnosis. 
• Identify three to five (3–5) possible conditions that may be considered in a differential diagnosis for the patient. 
• Consider the patient’s diagnosis. Think about clinical guidelines that might support this diagnosis. 
• Develop a treatment plan for the patient that includes health promotion and patient education strategies for patients with conditions of the head, neck, eyes, ears, nose, and/or throat. 

Assignment

As you interact with this week’s i-Human Patients patient, complete the assigned case study. For guidance on using i-Human Patients, refer to the i-Human Graduate Programs Help link within the i-Human Patients platform.

By Day 7 of Week 5

Upload your PDF from i-Human Patients to submit this Assignment. 

submission information

Before submitting your final assignment, you can check your draft for authenticity. To check your draft, access the Turnitin Drafts from the Start Here area. 

1. To submit your completed assignment, save your Assignment as WK5Assgn_LastName_FirstInitial
2. Then, click on Start Assignment near the top of the page.
3. Next, click on Upload File and select Submit Assignment for review.

By submitting this Assignment, you confirm that you have complied with Walden University’s Code of Conduct including the expectations for academic integrity while completing the i-Human Patients Assessment. 

Rubric

NURS_6512_Week 5_Assignment_Rubric

Criteria	Ratings	Pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome History: Complete an appropriate health history. (Scores are automatically calculated in the i-Human platform.)	20 pts ExcellentAchieves a score of 90–100% 15 pts GoodAchieves a score of 80–89% 10 pts FairAchieves a score of 70–79% 5 pts PoorAchieves a score of 60–69% 0 pts UnsatisfactoryAchieves a score of 59% or below	20 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Physical Exam: Complete an appropriate physical exam. (Scores are automatically calculated in the i-Human platform.)	20 pts ExcellentAchieves a score of 90–100% 15 pts GoodAchieves a score of 80–89% 10 pts FairAchieves a score of 70–79% 5 pts PoorAchieves a score of 60–69% 0 pts UnsatisfactoryAchieves a score of 59% or below	20 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome EMR Documentation History of Present Illness: 5 criteria: 1.) Complete; 2.) Accurate; 3.) Written in Professional Language; 4.) Pertinent to the Chief Complaint; 5.) Includes Subjective findings only	10 pts ExcellentComplete HPI meeting all 5 criteria. 8 pts Good4 requirements are met. 6 pts Fair3 requirements are met. 4 pts Poor1–2 requirements are met. 0 pts UnsatisfactoryNo requirements are met.	10 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome EMR Documentation Subjective Data Document Current Medications, Review of System: 5 criteria: 1.) Complete; 2.) Accurate; 3.) Written in Professional Language; 4.) Pertinent to the Chief Complaint; 5.) Includes Subjective findings only	10 pts ExcellentComplete HPI meeting all 5 criteria. 8 pts Good4 requirements are met. 6 pts Fair3 requirements are met. 4 pts Poor1–2 requirements are met. 0 pts UnsatisfactoryNo requirements are met.	10 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome EMR Documentation Objective Data Document Physical Exam Findings: 5 criteria: 1.) Complete; 2.) Accurate; 3.) Written in Professional Language; 4.) Pertinent to the Chief Complaint; 5.) Includes Objective findings only	10 pts ExcellentComplete HPI meeting all 5 criteria. 8 pts Good4 requirements are met. 6 pts Fair3 requirements are met. 4 pts Poor1–2 requirements are met. 0 pts UnsatisfactoryNo requirements are met.	10 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Key Findings: Organize the key findings with the most important first and least important last.	5 pts ExcellentThe key findings are complete and appropriately organized. 4 pts GoodThe key findings are complete but the organization is not correct. 3 pts FairThere are 1–2 key findings missing or organized inappropriately. 2 pts PoorThere are 3 key findings missing and organization is incorrect. 0 pts UnsatisfactoryThere are more than 3 key findings missing and organization is incorrect.	5 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Problem Statement: Document a brief and accurate problem statement using professional language that includes the following: 1.) Name or initials, age; 2.) Chief complaint; 3.) Positive and negative subjective findings; 4.) Positive and negative objective findings.	5 pts ExcellentAll requirements are met. 4 pts Good3 requirements are met. 3 pts Fair2 requirements are met. 2 pts Poor1 requirement is met. 0 pts UnsatisfactoryNo requirements are met.	5 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Management Plan: Use the expert diagnosis provided to create a pertinent, comprehensive, evidenced-based management plan. Address the following criteria in the plan: 1.) Diagnostic tests; 2.) Medications (write out a complete order, even for OTC meds); 3.) Suggested consults/referrals; 4.) Patient education; 5.) Follow-up, including time interval and specific symptoms to prompt a return visit sooner; 6.) Provide rationales for each intervention and include references to support your plan. Clinical practice guidelines should be utilized as applicable.	15 pts ExcellentAll requirements are met. 13 pts Good5 requirements are met. 10 pts Fair4 requirements are met. 7 pts Poor1-3 requirements are met. 0 pts UnsatisfactoryNo requirements are met.	15 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome References and Format: Current APA citations for references in management plan. Use of clinical practice guidelines when applicable.	5 pts Excellent0–1 errors Clinical practice guidelines used when applicable. 4 pts Good2–3 errors Clinical practice guidelines used when applicable. 3 pts Fair4–5 errors Clinical practice guidelines not used when applicable. 2 pts Poor6–7 errors Clinical practice guidelines not used when applicable. 0 pts UnsatisfactoryMore than 7 errors; clinical practice guidelines not used when applicable.	5 pts
Total Points: 100

Sample Answer for NURS 6512 I-HUMAN PATIENTS CASE STUDY: ASSESSING THE HEAD, EYES, EARS, NOSE, AND THROAT Included After Question

Patient Information: 

J, Male, 13 years old 

S.  

CC (chief complaint) ‘I feel pain when swallowing’ 

HPI: Jason is a 13-year-old patient that came to the hospital accompanied by his mother with complaints of painful swallowing. The patient reports that the problem started as a bad sore throat which worsens with swallowing. He also reports that he feels tired. His mother gave him some over the counter medication (Children’s Motrin), which made his fever better but did not help in relieving the symptoms associated with sore throat. Jayson reports that the symptoms worsen at night. The client’s symptoms started two days ago. 

Current Medications: The patient reported that he currently uses children’s Motrin which his mother gave him. He does not use any other kind of medication. 

Allergies: The patient denies any history of allergic reaction to food drugs or environmental allergens. 

PMHx: The patient’s medical history is unremarkable. He has no history of hospitalization or any other chronic illnesses. The patient does not have any history of surgeries. His immunization history is up to date. 
Soc Hx: The patient is a student. He resides with his family. He loves participating in active physical activities such as football. He wears a helmet when riding a bicycle. He denies any use of substances such as alcohol or smoking in his family.  

Fam Hx: The patient’s grandfather died of depression. His grandmother is diabetic and has been on treatment for the last 20 years. His uncle was diagnosed with alcohol use disorder three months ago and is on treatment. There is no history of other chronic illnesses in the family. 

ROS:  

GENERAL:  The patient is dressed appropriately for the occasion. He appears alert and oriented to place, time and self. The patient reports fatigue and denies weight loss, fever or chills  

HEENT:  Eyes: Denies visual loss, blurred vision, double vision or yellow sclerae. Ears, Nose, Throat:  Denies hearing loss, sneezing, congestion or runny nose. The patient reports sore throat which has made it difficult for him to swallow. 

SKIN:  Denies rash or itching. 

CARDIOVASCULAR:  Denies chest pain, chest pressure or chest discomfort. No palpitations or edema. 

RESPIRATORY:  Denies shortness of breath, cough or sputum. 

GASTROINTESTINAL:  Denies anorexia, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea. No abdominal pain or blood. 

GENITOURINARY:  denies urgency, frequency, or dysuria.  

NEUROLOGICAL:  Denies headache, dizziness, syncope, paralysis, ataxia, numbness or tingling in the extremities. No change in bowel or bladder control. 

MUSCULOSKELETAL:  Denies muscle, back pain, joint pain or stiffness. 

HEMATOLOGIC:  Denies anemia, bleeding or bruising. 

LYMPHATICS:  Denies enlarged nodes. No history of splenectomy. 

PSYCHIATRIC:  Denies history of depression or anxiety. 

ENDOCRINOLOGIC:  Denies reports of sweating, cold or heat intolerance. No polyuria or polydipsia. 

ALLERGIES:  Denies history of asthma, hives, eczema or rhinitis. 

O. 

Vitals: Temperature 37.5. RR 20 breaths per minute regular, SPO2 98% 

Physical exam: HEENT: There is no evidence of head injuries. Hair is equally distributed. The patient has no eye squinting. He does not use corrective lenses. There is no eye drainage or red eyes. Visual acuity is 20/20. The patient denies loss of balance or reduced hearing ability. There are normal bone and air conduction. There is no halitosis. There are no dental problems. Tonsils are edematous (2+) with stones present on the right side. He has white patches on his tongue. There is no lymphadenopathy. There is full range of motion on neck movement.  

Respiratory: The patient breaths with ease. There is no nasal flaring, crackles or wheezing and cough. There is no central or peripheral cyanosis.  

Cardiovascular: S1 and S2 heart sounds heard. There are no palpitations, tachycardia, chest indrawing, or edema.  

Diagnostic results: Some of the recommended laboratory investigations include pharyngeal swab, sputum test and rapid antigen testing to identify the cause of the infection. Blood examinations such as complete blood count may be necessary to identify the potential cause of the infection. Methods such as complete blood count and rapid antigen testing have low sensitivity rates. CT scans may be used in cases where the care provider suspects peritonsillar abscess since it has sensitivity of up to 100%. Of all these diagnostics, the use of throat swabs and sputum culture provide the most accurate results for diagnosing patients with throat disorders such as that seen in this case study.  

A. 

Differential Diagnoses  

Tonsillitis: Tonsillitis is the primary diagnosis for this client. Tonsillitis is the inflammation of the tonsils and contributes to about 1.3% of all the outpatient visits in America. The main causes of tonsillitis are bacterial and viral infections. Viral infections contribute to most of the cases of trump tonsillitis. Tonsillitis caused by bacterial infections are largely attributed to Group A beta hemolytic streptococcus. The affected patients present the hospital with symptoms that include fever, sore throat, tonsilla exudates and tender anterior cervical chain lymphadenopathy. There are also additional symptoms such as dysphagia and odynophagia due to tonsilla swelling. Physical examination of the tonsils may reveal swelling and erythema. There may also be tonsilla inflammation which decreases visualization of the posterior oropharynx (Al-Rawashdeh et al., 2022; Anderson & Paterek, 2022). The patient in this case study has symptoms that align with those seen in tonsillitis. For example, the patient has sore throat, dysphagia, erythema, and tonsil stones. This makes tonsillitis the client’s primary diagnosis. 

Epiglottitis:  Epiglottitis is the client’s secondary diagnosis that should be considered. Epiglottitis is a disorder that is characterized by the inflammation of the epiglottis. Epiglottitis develops from factors such as inflammation or trauma to the epiglottis. Patients present the hospital with symptoms such as fever, dysphagia, drooling, sore throat, muffled voice, the difficulty in breathing, and fatigue. There is also the presence of inspirational stridor and patient leaning forward to ease the breathing process (Allen et al., 2021; Dowdy & Cornelius, 2020). However, epiglottitis is the least likely diagnosis for this patient because of the lack of symptoms such as drooling, inspirational stridor, and leaning forward to ease breathing.  

Pharyngitis:  Pharyngitis is the other diagnosis that should be considered for this patient. It is characterized by the inflammation of the pharynx due to causes such as infections caused by bacteria or viruses. Patients may present with symptoms that are like those of tonsillitis. They include fever, sneezing, chills, headache, runny nose, fatigue, and cough (Bennett et al., 2022; Sykes et al., 2020). Despite the similarities, pharyngitis is the least likely cause of the client’s problem because there is the involvement of the tonsils. Patients with pharyngitis do not have symptoms such as tonsillitis.  

Peritonsillar abscess: Peritonsillar abscess is the other secondary diagnosis to be considered for the client. Peritonsillar abscess is a complication of tonsilitis. Patients experience symptoms such as fevers, chills, dysphagia, headache, and sore throat. Peritonsillar abscess is the least possible diagnosis because of the acute nature of the patient’s symptoms.  

Ludwig angina: The last differential to consider is Ludwig angina. Ludwig angina develops from infections of the submandibular space (Al-Qahtani et al., 2020). The healthcare provider should establish if the patient has a history of dental problems, which may have led to Ludwig angina. This will help rule out tonsilitis and other differential diagnoses.  

P.   

This section is not required for the assignments in this course (NURS 6512) but will be required for future courses. 

References 

Allen, M., Meraj, T. S., Oska, S., Spillinger, A., Folbe, A. J., & Cramer, J. D. (2021). Acute epiglottitis: Analysis of U.S. mortality trends from 1979 to 2017. American Journal of Otolaryngology, 42(2), 102882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102882 

Al-Qahtani, A., Haidar, H., & Larem, A. (2020). Textbook of Clinical Otolaryngology. Springer Nature. 

Al-Rawashdeh, B. M., Altawil, M., Khdair Ahmad, F., Alharazneh, A., Hamdan, L., Muamar, A. S. H., Alkhaldi, S., Tamimi, Z., Husami, R., Husami, R., & Ababneh, N. A. (2022). Vitamin D Levels in Children with Recurrent Acute Tonsillitis in Jordan: A Case-Control Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(14), Article 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148744 

Anderson, J., & Paterek, E. (2022). Tonsillitis. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544342/ 

Bennett, J., Moreland, N. J., Zhang, J., Crane, J., Sika-Paotonu, D., Carapetis, J., Williamson, D. A., & Baker, M. G. (2022). Risk factors for group A streptococcal pharyngitis and skin infections: A case control study. The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific, 26, 100507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100507 

Dowdy, R. A. E., & Cornelius, B. W. (2020). Medical Management of Epiglottitis. Anesthesia Progress, 67(2), 90–97. https://doi.org/10.2344/anpr-66-04-08 

Sykes, E. A., Wu, V., Beyea, M. M., Simpson, M. T. W., & Beyea, J. A. (2020). Pharyngitis: Approach to diagnosis and treatment. Canadian Family Physician, 66(4), 251–257.