NURS 6051 Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies

Walden University NURS 6051 Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies-Step-By-Step Guide

 

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Walden University NURS 6051 Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

 

How to Research and Prepare for NURS 6051 Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies                     

 

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Walden University NURS 6051 Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

 

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

 

How to Write the Introduction for NURS 6051 Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies                     

The introduction for the Walden University NURS 6051 Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

 

How to Write the Body for NURS 6051 Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies                     

 

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NURS 6051 Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

 

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

 

How to Write the Conclusion for NURS 6051 Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies                     

 

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

 

How to Format the References List for NURS 6051 Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies                     

 

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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NURS 6051 Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies

Information technology has been recognized as the foundation for systematic, timely, complimentary, reliable, and systematic healthcare delivery. The accessibility of patient records and health care information digitally enhances the tenacity and posterity of important information and considerably supports the decision-making process and removal of new knowledge (Spanakis et al., 2020). Patients generate large amounts of information such as blood tests, X-rays, patient records, etc. Restoring paper with a digital version makes caring for patients more accessible and more efficient. In years to come, the quantity of information will dramatically increase.

The name big data came about because computers collect vast amounts of data on patients’ characteristics, outcomes, illnesses, treatments, and side effects. Among the reputable healthcare technology trends on the market are; Big Data analytics, cybersecurity measures, FinTech, Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM), and the Internet of Medical Things ((IoMT) (Thimbleby, 2013). Remote patient monitoring (RPM) technologies are a digital health platform that allows patients to be assessed externally from a typical hospital visit in their community or home (Mantena & Keshavjee, 2020).

RPM works by collecting data using symptoms surveys; clients wear sensors and medical devices like a pacemaker which send information to the healthcare provider, who in turn organizes a clinical assessment and decides regarding the findings. RPM saves time and profitable resources for healthcare institutors of any scale. RPM can improve patient outcomes for patients with chronic health issues such as hypertension who can monitor their blood pressure while at home and would share the blood pressure results with their physicians. This enables the patients to adequately stay on top of their illness and achieve better blood pressure control.

 The benefit of Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM) is that it reduces hospital readmission by making it easy to keep track of high-risk patients and improves of at-home care compliance. Patients do not incur expensive household medical expenses. There is a reduction in hospital readmissions and reduced emergency room visits. Many providers can streamline their services via telehealth and are able to provide a wide variety of services remotely (Alex, 2023). For an RPM device to work in real-time, there is a need for internet service to be in place. Some patients in rural areas do not have good internet service or do not have access to the internet in their homes.

Among the healthcare technologies impacting healthcare technology are robotic systems, the internet, artificial intelligence, telehealth, and social media (Booth et al., 2020). Telehealth programs are up-and-coming and are impacting the nursing practice significantly. Nurses can remotely monitor, triage, and coach patients with chronic diseases. Patients with mental health issues can get remote visits without having to wait long to be seen.

Information technology has broken many boundaries, and no IT system is an island entirely of itself. The world is now connected, and sharing health information electronically improves costs, patient experience, and the quality of healthcare delivery (Spanakis et al., 2020). Patients who have smartphones, laptops, tablets, etc., can easily be seen by their providers remotely without leaving the comfort of their homes. Telehealth is an efficient, effective, and convenient tool for improving healthcare access and outcomes (Gajarawala & Pelkowski, 2021).

NURS 6051 Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies

New technology—and the application of existing technology—only appears in healthcare settings after careful and significant research. The stakes are high, and new clinical systems need to offer evidence of positive impact on outcomes or efficiencies.

Nurse informaticists and healthcare leaders formulate clinical system strategies. As these strategies are often based on technology trends, informaticists and others have then benefited from consulting existing research to inform their thinking.

In this Assignment, you will review existing research focused on the application of clinical systems. After reviewing, you will summarize your findings.

To Prepare:

• Review the Resources and reflect on the impact of clinical systems on outcomes and efficiencies within the context of nursing practice and healthcare delivery.
• Conduct a search for recent (within the last 5 years) research focused on the application of clinical systems. The research should provide evidence to support the use of one type of clinical system to improve outcomes and/or efficiencies, such as “the use of personal health records or portals to support patients newly diagnosed with diabetes.”
• Identify and select 4 peer-reviewed research articles from your research.
• For information about annotated bibliographies, visit https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/annotatedbibliographies

The Assignment: (4-5 pages not including the title and reference page)

In a 4- to 5-page paper, synthesize the peer-reviewed research you reviewed. Format your Assignment as an Annotated Bibliography. Be sure to address the following:

• Identify the 4 peer-reviewed research articles you reviewed, citing each in APA format.
• Include an introduction explaining the purpose of the paper.
• Summarize each study, explaining the improvement to outcomes, efficiencies, and lessons learned from the application of the clinical system each peer-reviewed article described. Be specific and provide examples.
• In your conclusion, synthesize the findings from the 4 peer-reviewed research articles.
• Use APA format and include a title page.
• Use the Safe Assign Drafts to check your match percentage before submitting your work.

By Day 7 of Week 8

Submit your completed Assignment.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

• Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK8Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.
• Click the Week 8 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.
• Click the Week 8 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.
• Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK8Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.
• If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.
• Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 8 Assignment Rubric

Check Your Assignment Draft for Authenticity

To check your Assignment draft for authenticity:

Submit your Week 8 Assignment draft and review the originality report.

Submit Your Assignment by Day 7 of Week 8

To participate in this Assignment:

Week 8 Assignment

Next Module

To go to the next module:

Module 5

 Module 4: Technologies Supporting Applied Practice and Optimal Patient Outcomes (Weeks 6-8)

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Informatics Tools and Technologies [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

• Evaluate healthcare technology trends for data and information in nursing practice and healthcare delivery
• Analyze challenges and risks inherent in healthcare technology
• Analyze healthcare technology benefits and risks for data safety, legislation, and patient care
• Evaluate healthcare technology impact on patient outcomes, efficiencies, and data management
• Analyze research on the application of clinical systems to improve outcomes and efficiencies

Due By	Assignment
Week 6, Days 1–2	Read/Watch/Listen to the Learning Resources. Compose your initial Discussion post.
Week 6, Day 3	Post your initial Discussion post. Begin to compose your Assignment.
Week 6, Days 4-5	Review peer Discussion posts. Compose your peer Discussion responses. Continue to compose your Assignment.
Week 6, Day 6	Post at least two peer Discussion responses on two different days (and not the same day as the initial post).
Week 6, Day 7	Wrap up Discussion.
Week 7, Days 1-7	Continue to compose your Assignment.
Week 8, Days 1-6	Continue to compose your Assignment.
Week 8, Day 7	Deadline to submit your Assignment.

Learning Resources

Required Readings

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2017). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

• Chapter 14, “The Electronic Health Record and Clinical Informatics” (pp. 267–287)
• Chapter 15, “Informatics Tools to Promote Patient Safety and Quality Outcomes” (pp. 293–317)
• Chapter 16, “Patient Engagement and Connected Health” (pp. 323–338)
• Chapter 17, “Using Informatics to Promote Community/Population Health” (pp. 341–355)
• Chapter 18, “Telenursing and Remote Access Telehealth” (pp. 359–388)

 Dykes, P. C., Rozenblum, R., Dalal, A., Massaro, A., Chang, F., Clements, M., Collins, S. …Bates, D. W. (2017). Prospective evaluation of a multifaceted intervention to improve outcomes in intensive care: The Promoting Respect and Ongoing Safety Through Patient Engagement Communication and Technology Study. Critical Care Medicine, 45(8), e806–e813. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000002449

HealthIT.gov. (2018c). What is an electronic health record (EHR)? Retrieved from 

https://www.healthit.gov/faq/what-electronic-health-record-ehr

Rao-Gupta, S., Kruger, D. Leak, L. D., Tieman, L. A., & Manworren, R. C. B. (2018). Leveraging interactive patient care technology to Improve pain management engagement. Pain Management Nursing, 19(3), 212–221. 

Skiba, D. (2017). Evaluation tools to appraise social media and mobile applications. Informatics, 4(3), 32–40. 

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Public Health Informatics [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Electronic Records and Managing IT Change [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies

New technology—and the application of existing technology—only appears in healthcare settings after careful and significant research. The stakes are high, and new clinical systems need to offer evidence of positive impact on outcomes or efficiencies.

Nurse informaticists and healthcare leaders formulate clinical system strategies. As these strategies are often based on technology trends, informaticists and others have then benefited from consulting existing research to inform their thinking.

In this Assignment, you will review existing research focused on the application of clinical systems. After reviewing, you will summarize your findings.

To Prepare:

• Review the Resources and reflect on the impact of clinical systems on outcomes and efficiencies within the context of nursing practice and healthcare delivery.
• Conduct a search for recent (within the last 5 years) research focused on the application of clinical systems. The research should provide evidence to support the use of one type of clinical system to improve outcomes and/or efficiencies, such as “the use of personal health records or portals to support patients newly diagnosed with diabetes.”
• Identify and select 4 peer-reviewed research articles from your research.
• For information about annotated bibliographies, visit https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/annotatedbibliographies

The Assignment: (4-5 pages not including the title and reference page)

In a 4- to 5-page paper, synthesize the peer-reviewed research you reviewed. Format your Assignment as an Annotated Bibliography. Be sure to address the following:

• Identify the 4 peer-reviewed research articles you reviewed, citing each in APA format.
• Include an introduction explaining the purpose of the paper.
• Summarize each study, explaining the improvement to outcomes, efficiencies, and lessons learned from the application of the clinical system each peer-reviewed article described. Be specific and provide examples.
• In your conclusion, synthesize the findings from the 4 peer-reviewed research articles.
• Use APA format and include a title page.
• Use the Safe Assign Drafts to check your match percentage before submitting your work.

By Day 7 of Week 8

Submit your completed Assignment.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

• Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK8Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.
• Click the Week 8 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.
• Click the Week 8 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.
• Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK8Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.
• If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.
• Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 8 Assignment Rubric

Check Your Assignment Draft for Authenticity

To check your Assignment draft for authenticity:

Submit your Week 8 Assignment draft and review the originality report.

Submit Your Assignment by Day 7 of Week 8

To participate in this Assignment:

Week 8 Assignment

Next Module

To go to the next module:

Module 5

 Module 4: Technologies Supporting Applied Practice and Optimal Patient Outcomes (Weeks 6-8)

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Informatics Tools and Technologies [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

• Evaluate healthcare technology trends for data and information in nursing practice and healthcare delivery
• Analyze challenges and risks inherent in healthcare technology
• Analyze healthcare technology benefits and risks for data safety, legislation, and patient care
• Evaluate healthcare technology impact on patient outcomes, efficiencies, and data management
• Analyze research on the application of clinical systems to improve outcomes and efficiencies

Due By	Assignment
Week 6, Days 1–2	Read/Watch/Listen to the Learning Resources. Compose your initial Discussion post.
Week 6, Day 3	Post your initial Discussion post. Begin to compose your Assignment.
Week 6, Days 4-5	Review peer Discussion posts. Compose your peer Discussion responses. Continue to compose your Assignment.
Week 6, Day 6	Post at least two peer Discussion responses on two different days (and not the same day as the initial post).
Week 6, Day 7	Wrap up Discussion.
Week 7, Days 1-7	Continue to compose your Assignment.
Week 8, Days 1-6	Continue to compose your Assignment.
Week 8, Day 7	Deadline to submit your Assignment.

---

Learning Resources

Required Readings

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2017). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

• Chapter 14, “The Electronic Health Record and Clinical Informatics” (pp. 267–287)
• Chapter 15, “Informatics Tools to Promote Patient Safety and Quality Outcomes” (pp. 293–317)
• Chapter 16, “Patient Engagement and Connected Health” (pp. 323–338)
• Chapter 17, “Using Informatics to Promote Community/Population Health” (pp. 341–355)
• Chapter 18, “Telenursing and Remote Access Telehealth” (pp. 359–388)

 Dykes, P. C., Rozenblum, R., Dalal, A., Massaro, A., Chang, F., Clements, M., Collins, S. …Bates, D. W. (2017). Prospective evaluation of a multifaceted intervention to improve outcomes in intensive care: The Promoting Respect and Ongoing Safety Through Patient Engagement Communication and Technology Study. Critical Care Medicine, 45(8), e806–e813. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000002449

HealthIT.gov. (2018c). What is an electronic health record (EHR)? Retrieved from 

https://www.healthit.gov/faq/what-electronic-health-record-ehr

Rao-Gupta, S., Kruger, D. Leak, L. D., Tieman, L. A., & Manworren, R. C. B. (2018). Leveraging interactive patient care technology to Improve pain management engagement. Pain Management Nursing, 19(3), 212–221. 

Skiba, D. (2017). Evaluation tools to appraise social media and mobile applications. Informatics, 4(3), 32–40. 

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Public Health Informatics [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Electronic Records and Managing IT Change [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

The patient portal is a secure online that enables patients to access their health data whenever they require it. It has 24/7 accessibility, which reduces the need for patients to contact their primary care provider’s (PCP) office to inquire about their scheduled appointments or their prescribed medications (Sieck et al., 2018). The portal lets them view and download health information such as immunization records, diagnostic test results, allergies, prescriptions, previous PCP visits, instructions and appointment notes, discharge summaries, and billing information(Sieck et al., 2018). Patient portals increase patients’ access to health care and health information, thus improving patients’ outcomes and functional status and decreasing healthcare costs. Patients with chronic conditions benefit the most from using the portals as they are the highest consumers of healthcare.

 The purpose of this paper is to summarize peer-reviewed articles that examine the impact of patient portals in improving patient outcomes and outline the lessons learned from the application of patient portals in each article.

Alturkistani, A., Qavi, A., Anyanwu, P. E., Greenfield, G., Greaves, F., & Costelloe, C. (2020). Patient portal functionalities and patient outcomes among patients with diabetes: Systematic review. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(9), e18976. https://doi.org/10.2196/18976

Alturkistani et al. (2020) conducted a systematic review to outline the evidence concerning the use of patient portal use and patient portal functionality use and their reported connection with health and outcomes in health care quality among adult diabetic patients. The review included twelve studies, which reported: The overall patient portal use and its connection with diabetes health and health quality outcomes; E-messaging/email use– related outcomes; Prescription refill–related outcomes. The reported health outcomes included the association of patient portal use with blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and BMI.

The studies in the systematic review reported that patient portals and patient portal functionality attributed to improved health outcomes, such as glycemic control in DM patients. Besides, secure messaging, emailing, and repeat prescription ordering using the patient portal were connected with enhanced glycemic control, and patient outcomes seemed to improve with increased portal use. It was also established that the use of the patient portal might be connected with enhanced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol outcomes and blood pressure control. From this article, we learn that patient portals use and patient portal functionality can impact the utilization of health care services and can result in increased office visits and reduced emergency department visits. The article establishes that patient portal use is connected with improved quality of care for diabetic patients, thus improving their health outcomes.

Carini, E., Villani, L., Pezzullo, A. M., Gentili, A., Barbara, A., Ricciardi, W., & Boccia, S. (2021). The impact of digital patient portals on health outcomes, system efficiency, and patient attitudes: Updated systematic literature review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(9), e26189. https://doi.org/10.2196/26189

Carini et al. (2021) conducted a systematic review to summarize the available evidence on the effect of patient portals on health outcomes and health care efficiency and to explore user characteristics, attitudes, and satisfaction. The researchers used primary studies discussing the impact of the adoption of the patient portal with regard to health outcomes, efficiencies in health care, and patient attitudes and satisfaction. The study found that patient portals were associated with improved preventive behaviors among patients and improved control of chronic conditions with enhanced control of diabetes parameters and asthma flares. In addition, patient portals were associated with positive results in control and maintenance of diseases and improved adherence to treatment.         Patient portals also reduced the number of missed appointments.

From the article, we learn that the patient portal is usually designed to minimize inappropriate health care utilization. However, barriers are limiting the utilization of portals, including user-related factors, such as time constraints, lack of interest in managing their disease, and inadequate digital knowledge. There are also clinician-related barriers, such as age and attitude toward the portal, as well as technology-related barriers, such as limited internet access, limited capacity to use technology, and security concerns. Therefore, health organizations should address privacy and security concerns and ensure patients and providers can utilize technological appliances when introducing patient portals in their settings.

Dendere, R., Slade, C., Burton-Jones, A., Sullivan, C., Staib, A., & Janda, M. (2019). Patient Portals Facilitating Engagement With Inpatient Electronic Medical Records: A Systematic Review. Journal of medical Internet research, 21(4), e12779. https://doi.org/10.2196/12779

Dendere et al. (2019) sought to review literature examining patient portals connected to an EMR in inpatient settings, including the portals’ role in patient engagement and their impact on health care delivery to establish factors and best practices for successful portal implementation. The study employed a systematic review of the literature. It found that patient portals improved patient engagement, patient safety, medication adherence, and patient-provider communication. Although patients and providers perceived that portals could improve patient care, they also thought it could cause anxiety. We learn from the article that patient portals are beneficial as they have improved medication adherence, promoted the discovery of medical errors, and enhanced patient-provider communication. Besides, we learn that improving patient engagement is an aim of patient portals, but the providers’ engagement is equally important as patients approach them with portal-related questions.

Han, H. R., Gleason, K. T., Sun, C. A., Miller, H. N., Kang, S. J., Chow, S., … & Bauer, T. (2019). Using patient portals to improve patient outcomes: systematic review. JMIR human factors, 6(4), e15038. https://doi.org/10.2196/15038

Han et al. (2019) conducted a systematic review to synthesize evidence concerning patient portals’ characteristics and psychobehavioral and clinical outcomes. The study found that most portals employed tailored alerts or educational resources tailored to a patient’s disease. The use of patient portals contributed to improvements in a myriad of psychobehavioral outcomes, including health knowledge, medication adherence, decision making, self-efficacy, and preventive service use. The impact of the patient portal on health outcomes included improved glycemic control, blood pressure, cholesterol, and weight loss. The study’s findings demonstrate the patient portal as a promising approach to improving particular psychological outcomes and health behaviors through simple strategies such as individually tailored messages, refill services, and communication between the patient and the PCP. We learn from the article that understanding the role of patient portals as a useful intervention approach is crucial to encouraging patients to be actively involved in their health care.

Conclusion

            The above articles examined the impact of using patient portals in improving health outcomes, including outcomes of diabetes patients. The articles establish that patient portals enhance patient engagement and provider-patient communication resulting in improved preventive behaviors, control of chronic diseases, and health outcomes. Patient portals also enhance care safety by reducing medical errors and increasing medication adherence resulting in better health outcomes. However, for the maximum adoption of patient portals, organizations should address digital knowledge, privacy, and security issues to increase engagement from patients and providers.

References

Alturkistani, A., Qavi, A., Anyanwu, P. E., Greenfield, G., Greaves, F., & Costelloe, C. (2020). Patient portal functionalities and patient outcomes among patients with diabetes: Systematic review. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(9), e18976. https://doi.org/10.2196/18976

Carini, E., Villani, L., Pezzullo, A. M., Gentili, A., Barbara, A., Ricciardi, W., & Boccia, S. (2021). The impact of digital patient portals on health outcomes, system efficiency, and patient attitudes: Updated systematic literature review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(9), e26189. https://doi.org/10.2196/26189

Dendere, R., Slade, C., Burton-Jones, A., Sullivan, C., Staib, A., & Janda, M. (2019). Patient Portals Facilitating Engagement With Inpatient Electronic Medical Records: A Systematic Review. Journal of medical Internet research, 21(4), e12779. https://doi.org/10.2196/12779

Han, H. R., Gleason, K. T., Sun, C. A., Miller, H. N., Kang, S. J., Chow, S., … & Bauer, T. (2019). Using patient portals to improve patient outcomes: systematic review. JMIR human factors, 6(4), e15038. https://doi.org/10.2196/15038

Sieck, C. J., Hefner, J. L., & McAlearney, A. S. (2018). Improving the patient experience through patient portals: Insights from experienced portal users. Patient Experience Journal, 5(3), 47-54. https://pxjournal.org/journal/vol5/iss3/8

Hi Bassey Samson,

Your post is exciting and significant. You pointed out that those old days of paper charting are gone. Thanks to the growth in technology that brought electronic charting with many benefits, it is easy, convenient, safe, durable, accurate, and organized, reduction in medical errors, especially medication administration errors.

An increase in technology trends is digital health literacy, which comprises knowledge and the skill of using digital technology in a connected health environment [Balaji&Clever,2023].

As you have pointed out, Covid 19 has opened the eyes of everybody worldwide and has taken a more significant part in healthcare.

There are many advantages to the current technology, both digital information and communication technology.

Telehealth is one of the technology trends that will always and continue to impact healthcare. Virtual consultation of the patient by the physician telehealth reduces so many no call, no show to the Doctor’s office and increases the number of times patients can interact with their doctor.

One of the advantages of Telehealth to data safety, legislation, and patient care is easy to access data from any location. “Many telemonitoring systems house information in web-based formats for easy access to the data. All departments can quickly and simultaneously access and share the data and conveniently transmit it to other clinicians for the update.

Web-based records are entirely HIPAA compliant when appropriate protection records and controls are in place” (McGonigle & Mastrian). 

The use of technology to leverage care interventions in different clinical settings and facilities cannot be overemphasized because of the critical role that it plays in enhancing patient safety and care outcomes. Clinical systems are essential tools in improving patients’ outcomes and efficiencies in healthcare delivery by reducing medication errors, promoting medication compliance and enabling providers to leverage technology for better decisions and informed interventions (Dykes et al., 2017). Personal health records or portals are some of the critical aspects that providers and healthcare systems use to support patients that have recently been diagnosed with diabetes. These portals offer access to health information from an organization’s electronic health record (EHR) and allow patients to conduct different medical-associated tasks like electronically communicating with their providers and even recording their symptoms (Tapuria et al., 2021). The purpose of this paper is to offer an annotated bibliography of the impact of personal health records or patient portals for individuals newly diagnosed with diabetes.

Coughlin, S. S., Williams, L. B., & Hatzigeorgiou, C. (2017). A systematic review of studies

of web portals for patients with diabetes mellitus. MHealth, 3(6). https://doi.org/10.21037/mhealth.2017.05.05

In this systematic review of studies on the portal for patients with diabetes mellitus, the researchers evaluate the impact of patient health records to improve outcomes from interventions to control glycemic levels. The authors identified 12 studies on the topic that include three cross-sectional and five randomized controlled trials. The researchers required web portals meant for diabetes patients and those tethered to electronic medical records. The findings show that web portals enhance the ability of patients to communicate with their clinicians and attain enhanced glycemic control. The authors emphasize the need for additional research to understand the level of control for patients. However, they are categorical that web portals improve glycemic control for these patients.

The study shows that web portals are essential and improve outcomes for diabetic patients since they enhance communication between them and their clinicians. Through effective communication, clinicians improve efficiencies in care provisions for diabetes patients. The study indicates that providers should leverage technologies and encourage their patients to embrace them to reduce adverse disease outcomes. A critical lesson learned from the use of web portals based on the study is that few patients embrace this technology to enhance diabetes self-management and self-care. Consequently, providers should be trained to leverage its use to improve self-care interventions for patients in remote locations.

Sun, R., Korytkowski, M. T., Sereika, S. M., Saul, M. I., Li, D., & Burke, L. E. (2018).

Patient Portal Use in Diabetes Management: Literature Review. JMIR Diabetes, 3 (4): e11199. https://doi.org/10.2196/11199.

In this article, the researchers affirm the critical role that health information technology tools have in promoting engagement, improvement of patient-provider communication, and enhancing clinical outcomes in the management of chronic disorders like diabetes mellitus. Based on a review of literature, the researchers focus on evidence about the efficacy of patient portal use by patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2. The study examines the link between patient portal use and diabetes mellitus-related outcomes. The authors identified opportunities for future improvement in the management of the condition. The findings also demonstrate the low levels of patient portal use among diabetes patients. The authors observed inconsistency in their findings of the use of these technologies among patients due to several barriers among patients and providers. While these portals enhance care and patient outcomes engagement of both providers and users will be critical to improving uptake. 

The article shows that patient portal are critical to enhancing outcomes for individuals suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM). The portals improve communication and engagement between providers and patients. Effective engagement is a core aspect of patient participation and leads to better outcomes. These systems also improve efficiency as it eases interaction between nurses, clinicians and patients, and their families. The vital lesson learned from the study is that providers should encourage patients to embrace technology as a way to reduce over-reliance on clinicians to make decisions. These portals allow patients to check different components of their disease status and employ the right interventions to address any challenges. The article also implores further research to address the inconsistencies in results about the efficacy of patient portals to enhance care among diabetes patients, especially those newly diagnosed.

Sieverink, F., Kelders, S., Braakman-Jansen, A., & van Gemert-Pijnen, J. (2019).

Evaluating the implementation of a personal health record for chronic primary and secondary care: a mixed-methods approach. BMC medical informatics and decision making, 19(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-019-0969-7

In this study, the authors focus on evaluating the fidelity of personal health records (PHRs) in chronic care based on the level of implementation to ascertain the found effects or impacts. Using a mixed-method design, the researchers measure the responsiveness, the differences, and similarities between the intended and the real use of PHRs among a certain population sample. The study findings show that many providers were unaware of how to deploy the PHR in their present working routines. As such, they find it challenging to motivate and encourage their patients to use PHR. However, those participating in the user group indicated the value of a PHR in future interactions with their clinicians or care providers. The usability participants asserted that improvement in utilization among care providers will highly influence their decision to deploy the patient portals.

The findings show that the actual use of PHR by patients depended on the responsiveness of caregivers. Caregiver responsiveness relies on perceived support and fidelity by patients. However, the use of PHR intends to enhance efficiency and outcomes for patients with chronic conditions as outlined by the study. The critical lesson learned from this article is that providers have a substantial influence on technology uptake by patients in their settings, especially in the management of chronic conditions like diabetes mellitus. Fidelity by patients to PHR is an added advantage in enhancing the use of this technology among patients and their families. The study indicates that responsiveness from providers is a critical aspect of encouraging diabetic patients to embrace patient portals to enhance efficiency and care provision. The implication is that nurses should focus on interactive sessions and engage their diabetes patients to leverage technologies like web portals to improve care outcomes.

Reed, M. E., Huang, J., Brand, R. J., Neugebauer, R., Graetz, I., Hsu, J., … & Grant, R.

(2019). Patients with complex chronic conditions: Health care use and clinical events associated with access to a patient portal. PLoS One, 14(6), e0217636. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217636

In this article, the researcher asserts that patients with diabetes can leverage patient portals to support self-management and coordination of health care services. The authors’ objective in the study was to examine the effects of access to the patient portal on the frequency of visits, emergency visits, and preventable admissions or hospitalizations. Using an observational study design, the researchers compare the visit rates with or without portal access among patients with chronic conditions, especially diabetes.

The study shows that access to patient portals is linked to increased rates of outpatient office visits in both diabetic patients and those with multiple complex conditions. Patient portals have a significant reduction on overall visits, right from emergency to office physician visits among diabetes and chronically ill patients. These findings show that portals web technology enhances care provision remotely for diabetes patients and improves expected outcomes. Access enhances engagement in outpatient visits allowing providers to address unmet clinical needs. The portals also reduce downstream health events that may necessitate emergency and hospital care, especially for diabetes patients and those with complex comorbidities.

Findings from this study are categorical that patient portals improve outcomes as they increase engagement between clinicians and patients in different care settings. The results also show that the motivation to use PHR is based on provider knowledge and engagement with patients and their families. The study demonstrates the need for providers to leverage educational interventions to enhance the deployment of patient portals for the management of diabetes and multiple chronic conditions.

Vital lessons learned from the use of the patient portal include the need for an interactive approach among the providers, patients, and the healthcare system. The study also shows the need to patients to enhance their engagement with technology to enhance overall outcomes and reduce visits to emergency rooms and physician offices. The article demonstrates the crucial role that web portals play in overall care delivery for diabetes patients.

Conclusion

The findings from the four peer-reviewed research articles demonstrate that patient portals are a critical component of enhancing overall care for individuals with diabetes, particularly those newly diagnosed. The portals allow patients to interact with providers remotely, record their symptoms, access tests, and laboratory results, and review their care plans. while several obstacles and factors influence the use of these portals, it is evident that they continue to constitute a core response to improve care delivery for patients with chronic conditions like diabetes. Studies by Abd-alrazaq et al. (2019) and Ruh and Chugh (2021) show that despite certain barriers to their deployment and embracement, patient portals are enhancing overall care delivery and allowing users to interact more. Through these interventions, clinicians and patients and their families work collaboratively to enhance overall care outcomes. These products provide a host of content, connectivity, and collaboration-associated features and functions for their users. The overall value of these technologies goes beyond the constituents of the health care delivery chain. However, there is a need for further research to enhance usability, adoption, and value among providers and patients to attain effective benefits and leverage from patient portals.

References

Abd-Alrazaq, A. A., Bewick, B. M., Farragher, T., & Gardner, P. (2019). Factors that affect the

use of electronic personal health records among patients: a systematic review. International journal of medical informatics, 126, 164-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.03.014

Dykes, P. C., Rozenblum, R., Dalal, A., Massaro, A., Chang, F., Clements, M., Collins, S.

…Bates, D. W. (2017). Prospective evaluation of a multifaceted intervention to improve outcomes in intensive care: The Promoting Respect and Ongoing Safety Through Patient Engagement Communication and Technology Study. Critical Care Medicine, 45(8), e806–e813. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000002449

Coughlin, S. S., Williams, L. B., & Hatzigeorgiou, C. (2017). A systematic review of studies

of web portals for patients with diabetes mellitus. MHealth, 3(6). https://doi.org/10.21037/mhealth.2017.05.05

Tapuria, A., Porat, T., Kalra, D., Dsouza, G., Xiaohui, S., & Curcin, V. (2021). Impact of patient

access to their electronic health record: a systematic review. Informatics for Health and Social Care, 46(2), 192-204. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538157.2021.1879810

Reed, M. E., Huang, J., Brand, R. J., Neugebauer, R., Graetz, I., Hsu, J., … & Grant, R.

(2019). Patients with complex chronic conditions: Health care use and clinical events associated with access to a patient portal. PLoS One, 14(6), e0217636. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217636

Ruhi, U., & Chugh, R. (2021). Utility, Value, and Benefits of Contemporary Personal Health

Records: Integrative Review and Conceptual Synthesis. Journal of medical Internetresearch, 23(4), e26877. https://doi.org/10.2196/26877

Sieverink, F., Kelders, S., Braakman-Jansen, A., & van Gemert-Pijnen, J. (2019).

Evaluating the implementation of a personal health record for chronic primary and secondary care: a mixed-methods approach. BMC medical informatics and decisionmaking, 19(1), 1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-019-0969-7

Sun, R., Korytkowski, M. T., Sereika, S. M., Saul, M. I., Li, D., & Burke, L. E. (2018).

Patient Portal Use in Diabetes Management: Literature Review. JMIR Diabetes, 3 (4): e11199. DOI: 10.2196/11199.

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Name: NURS_5051_Module04_Week08_Assignment_Rubric

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In a 4- to 5-page paper, synthesize the peer-reviewed research you reviewed. Format your Assignment as an Annotated Bibliography. Be sure to address the following: ·   Properly identify 4 peer-reviewed research articles you reviewed. ·   Summarize each study, explaining the improvement to outcomes, efficiencies, and lessons learned from the application of the clinical system each peer-reviewed article described. Be specific and provide examples. In your conclusion, synthesize the findings from the 4 peer-reviewed research articles.		Points Range: 77 (77%) – 85 (85%) The responses accurately and clearly identify 4 peer-reviewed research articles for the Assignment. The responses accurately and thoroughly summarize in detail each study reviewed, explaining in detail the improvement to outcomes, efficiencies, and lessons learned from the application of the clinical system each peer-reviewed article described. Specific, accurate, and detailed examples are provided which fully support the responses.	Points Range: 68 (68%) – 76 (76%) The responses identify 4 peer-reviewed research articles for the Assignment. The responses summarize each study reviewed, explaining the improvement to outcomes, efficiencies, and lessons learned from the application of the clinical system each peer-reviewed article described. Accurate examples are provided which support the responses provided.	Points Range: 60 (60%) – 67 (67%) The responses vaguely or inaccurately identify 4 or less peer-reviewed articles for the Assignment. The responses summarize each study reviewed, explaining the improvement to outcomes, efficiencies, and lessons learned from the application of the clinical system each peer-reviewed article described that is vague or inaccurate. Examples provided to support the responses are vague or inaccurate.	Points Range: 0 (0%) – 59 (59%) The responses vaguely and inaccurately identify less than 4 peer-reviewed articles for the Assignment, or are missing. The responses vaguely and inaccurately summarize each study reviewed, explaining the improvement to outcomes, efficiencies, and lessons learned from the application of the clinical system each peer-reviewed article described, or are missing. Examples provided to support the responses are vague and inaccurate, or are missing.
Written Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization: Paragraphs make clear points that support well developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused–neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance.		Points Range: 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity.	Points Range: 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time.	Points Range: 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%- 79% of the time.	Points Range: 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity < 60% of the time.
Written Expression and Formatting – English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation		Points Range: 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors.	Points Range: 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Contains a few (1-2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.	Points Range: 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%) Contains several (3-4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.	Points Range: 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding.
Written Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running head, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list.		Points Range: 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Uses correct APA format with no errors.	Points Range: 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Contains a few (1-2) APA format errors.	Points Range: 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%) Contains several (3-4) APA format errors.	Points Range: 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors.
Total Points: 100

Name: NURS_5051_Module04_Week08_Assignment_Rubric