NURS 6050 Week 11 Assignment Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix And Narrative Statement

Introduction

The problem of non-communicable diseases across the globe is a challenge that is growing on an annual basis. This issue of non-communicable diseases is a global challenge that WHO tries to prevent. Given the disease cannot be treated such as diabetes and high blood pressure they can be successfully prevented in various communities (World Health Organization (WHO). (n.d.). The issue is a global problem that requires mitigation from different countries which include the US and Canada.

Global Healthcare Issue	Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases
Description	The cost of medication and management of the non-communicable disease is rising. The increased cost of care delivery and the need for nurses is due to non-communicable diseases. The fact that non-communicable disease is rarely cured due to its chronic nature requires lifelong management which is expensive for the patient and the country as well. The covid-19 pandemic has also revealed non-communicable to be a major weakness of human beings since it resulted in many deaths due to underlying conditions. Therefore, a need for prevention is essential.
Country	United States	Canada
Describe the policy in each country related to the identified healthcare issue	Adopted prevention of non-communicable disease through education, institution, and public-private partnership. The government has a special institution that focuses on each specific issue such as diabetes association, cancer centers, and cardiovascular diseases (Bhattacharya, Juyal, Hossain & Singh, 2020). The government through mass communication emphasizes the issue and provision of information through the center for disease control.	The country adopts the policy of research, support, and collaborative initiative for the affected people (Milsom, Smith, Baker & Walls, 2021).
What are the strengths of this policy?	The policy of adopting and focusing on medical research is to bring solutions that will help only solve the problem. The public-private partnership ensures medical equipment and drugs needed are subsidized for patients.	In Canada, the education of the public is the primary focus that will help prevent non-communicable diseases. The sharing of ideas and understanding the non-communicable disease by population is the primary focus (Milsom, Smith, Baker & Walls, 2021).
What are the weaknesses of this policy?	The major weakness of the dominant policy research is that it is relatively expensive and takes time for medications to be discovered. The subsidies given to specific industries result in complaints from other drug manufacturing firms.	Education of masses and the general public take a long period to materialize. This requires the need to have interventions.
Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the specified global health issue. (Be specific and provide examples)	The problem of non-communicable disease is mainly attributed to the type of food consumed. The ability to buy and access food is a social determinant that is characterized by a level of education, income, and availability of food. The case of obesity is due to consumption of food that reaches in sugar as compared to a balanced diet.	The social determinants in Canada include drug abuse such as smoking and alcohol intake. Also, a high intake of red meat and salt is a major social determinant of health.
How has each country’s government addressed cost, quality, and access to the selected global health issue?	The united states have addressed the issue of non-communicable by offering subsidies to insulin, provision of free medical management for non-communicable diseases, and subsiding of cancer treatments. The equality of services has been achieved since the issue is managed by government facilities.	The government focuses on the provision of medication equal to all people with standardization of prices and medical costs to all.
How has the identified health policy impacted the health of the global population? (Be specific and provide examples)	The policy of research has resulted in the identification of issues that result in non-communicable diseases. For instance, through research, it has been shown that excess weight gain can result in other comorbidities such as high blood pressure and diabetes. This has been replicated across the world to help promote physical practice	Through education of the public and having physical exercise the cases of diabetes have been significantly reduced.
Describe the potential impact of the identified health policy on the role of the nurse in each country.	The nurses in the US will be able to educate and make a decision based on the research findings. This will help the patient and the rest of the population to reduce the incidences of non-communicable diseases.	Through the education of patients, nurses can mitigate this problem effectively.
Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. (Be specific and provide examples)	The policies made in the medical arena in the country should always be in line with the issue of non-communicable diseases. Consequently, a lot of resources are channeled by the government to healthcare as compared to other sectors.	The country focuses more on the problem and hence requires more resources both labor, equipment, and money. The country’s budget within healthcare has been shaped by this issue.
General Notes/Comments	The policy has resulted in significant management of non-communicable causes.	The policy helps reduce new cases and promotes effective management of the existing ones.

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Part 2: A Plan for Social Change

Evidence-based practices are the basis of mitigating the problem of non-communicable diseases. The social change needed within the medical community as far as the issue of non-communicable disease is a concern is the use of evidence-based practices. The problem of non-communicable disease is not the same as a vector-borne disease which requires stopping the vector or the agent itself but requires prevention of the onset of the condition (Akseer et al., 2020). This evidence-practice includes having regular physical exercises, reduce intake of alcohol, and cessation of smoking. In the nutritional realm, the need to reduce the high intake of calories is essential as well as embracing a balanced diet. The country should be able to subsidize healthy food such as fruits, vegetables, and approved sources of proteins. World health organization’s guidelines should be promoted and adhered to to ensure good health and safety for all people.

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Conclusion

Conclusively, the issue of non-communicable disease is a major global problem in the arena of health. The best policies that remain viable are the prevention and management of existing cases. US and Canada are two examples of countries that strive to overcome the problem of non-communicable disease through various policies. This is a long way impact how other countries will mitigate this problem of non-communicable diseases.

References

Akseer, N., Mehta, S., Wigle, J., Chera, R., Brickman, Z. J., Al-Gashm, S., … & Bhutta, Z. A. (2020). Non-communicable diseases among adolescents: current status, determinants, interventions and policies. BMC public health, 20(1), 1-20. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-020-09988-5

Bhattacharya, S., Juyal, R., Hossain, M. M., & Singh, A. (2020). Non-communicable diseases viewed as “collateral damage” of our decisions: Fixing accountabilities and finding sloutions in primary care settings. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 9(5), 2176. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7380828/

Milsom, P., Smith, R., Baker, P., & Walls, H. (2021). Corporate power and the international trade regime preventing progressive policy action on non-communicable diseases: a realist review. Health policy and planning, 36(4), 493-508. https://academic.oup.com/heapol/article/36/4/493/6024433

World Health Organization (WHO). (n.d.). Global health agenda. Retrieved September 20, 2018, from http://www.who.int/about/vision/global_health_agenda/en/

The World Health Organization (WHO) has been actively involved in promoting and protecting the health of populations globally. Thus, WHO interventions focus on all areas of the global healthcare spectrum to address global health issues. Global health issues usually necessitate worldwide cooperation in response, planning, prevention, preparedness, and management that display health equity issues among countries (Da Silva Fagundes et al.,2018). The purpose of this paper is to discuss a global health issue and health policies enacted to address the issue in the US versus Australia.

Global Healthcare Issue	Access to COVID-19 tests, medicines, and vaccines
Description	Any Covid-19 tests, treatments, and vaccines developed should benefit the whole world.Equitable access to Covid-19 tests, medicines, and vaccines means that: ü They are available to people who need them most. ü They have suitable options for all healthcare settings. ü Safe and effective options are accessed by all groups of people. ü They are affordable to low- and high-income countries alike.
Country	United States	Australia
Describe the policy in each country related to the identified healthcare issue	Ø The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act.· The policy requires group health plans and individual health insurance policies to cover any qualifying COVID-19 preventive service, without cost-sharing. · The policy also adds that COVID-19 tests are to be covered without cost-sharing by private insurance and Medicare, even if that test is yet to receive FDA emergency use authorization (Moss et al., 2020). · Medicaid must also cover COVID tests regardless of whether they are authorized for emergency use by the FDA.	Ø Australian COVID-19 Vaccination Policy. The policy states that the COVID-19 vaccine will be free for all Medicare-eligible Australians and all visa-holders, excluding visa sub-classes. When COVID-19 vaccines are available, supplies will initially be limited and directed toward priority groups for vaccination (Attwell et al., 2021).
What are the strengths of this policy?	· The policy expands Medicaid coverage and increases access to COVID-19 tests, treatments, and vaccines to US citizens.	· The policy supports early access to and delivery of safe and effective COVID-19 treatments and vaccines as soon as they become available (Attwell et al., 2021).
What are the weaknesses of this policy?	· The policy does not consider individuals without health insurance or have a provision to increase access to COVID-19 tests, treatments, and vaccines for the uninsured (Moss et al., 2020).	· The policy requires mandatory vaccination for a majority of occupations and workforces, which is against individuals’ right to autonomy (Attwell et al., 2021).
Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the specified global health issue. (Be specific and provide examples)	· Individuals with limited access to healthcare due to lack of insurance may lack access to COVID-19 tests, medications, and vaccines.· Thus, they may experience poor health outcomes due to delayed diagnosis and treatment or lack of vaccination (Paremoer et al., 2021).	· Individuals with limited access to healthcare due to lack of insurance may lack access to COVID-19 tests, medications, and vaccines (Paremoer et al., 2021).· Thus, they may experience poor health outcomes due to delayed diagnosis and treatment or lack of vaccination.
How has each country government addressed cost, quality, and access to the selected global health issue?	· The US provides consumer protections on balance billing for COVID-19 tests.· The government has increased some Medicare payments for treating patients with COVID-19 (Lukens et al., 2022). · It increases access by requiring coverage of any COVID-19 vaccine without cost-sharing.	· The Australian government has given a directive that charges should not be levied on consumers for COVID-19 immunization (Attwell et al., 2021).
How has the identified health policy impacted the health of the global population? (Be specific and provide examples)	· The health policy has increased access to healthcare for COVID-19 patients.· The policy successfully improved access to critical services, prevented coverage loss, increased continuity of coverage, and made coverage more affordable when Americans needed it most.	· The policy promoted equity in access to COVID-19 treatments and vaccines.· Thus, the people who needed the vaccines most, such as healthcare workers and vulnerable populations, received the vaccine first.
Describe the potential impact of the identified health policy on the role of nurse in each country.	· The nurse has the role of ensuring that individuals are tested for COVID-19 and receive appropriate treatments and vaccinations regardless of their insurance status (Da Silva Fagundes et al., 2018).· Adequate treatment of persons with COVID-19 is essential since it controls the spread of the virus, lowering the number of new cases.	· The nurse has the role of ensuring that individuals are tested for COVID-19 and receive appropriate treatments and vaccinations regardless of their insurance status (Da Silva Fagundes et al., 2018).· Adequate treatment of persons with COVID-19 is essential since it controls the spread of the virus, lowering the number of newly infected cases.
Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. (Be specific and provide examples)	· Global health issues strain local healthcare organizations in the US, leading to poor coordination and delivery of healthcare services.· Healthcare organizations often encounter challenges in workforce and finances when there are pandemics like the COVID-19 pandemic.	· Global health issues create a significant financial strain on local health organizations in Australia.· Many resources are channeled towards managing the adverse effects caused by the health issue, including treatment and rehabilitation. · The state and local governments are forced to create or modify health policies to direct the response to global health issues.
General Notes/Comments	· The CARES Act promotes health equity in the access to COVID-19 tests, treatments, and vaccinations since any insurance provides coverage without cost sharing.	· The COVID-19 vaccine was the best approach to protect the Australian community.· The policy aimed to promote early access to and delivery of safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines and treatments for all Australians.

Part 2: A Plan for Social Change

Access to COVID-19 tests, medicines, and vaccines is one sure way of controlling the COVID-19 spread and fighting the pandemic that has taken the lives of hundreds of thousands globally and left the healthcare systems overwhelmed. Thus, it is crucial for healthcare advocates to direct their advocacy initiatives to ensure health equity and accessibility for tests, treatments, and vaccines for COVID-19. Advocacy initiatives should champion policies that ensure treatments and vaccines are available for all populations regardless of their insurance status, which is the only way to curb the pandemic.

As a nurse leader, I have the role of championing health equity in the COVID-19 vaccination to ensure all individuals access vaccines in the fight against the pandemic. For example, I can take part in developing policies and presenting them to elected legislators to address the challenges faced by individuals in accessing COVID-19 treatment and vaccines. I can propose and champion a policy that provides free treatment and vaccines for all citizens (Da Silva Fagundes et al., 2018). The policy can also include vaccination outreach programs to increase accessibility to vaccines, especially for people living in remote areas with limited transportation options. In addition, I can organize community education programs to educate individuals about COVID-19 vaccines and the importance of getting vaccinated to control the spread of the disease.

Incorporating a global perspective may significantly impact my local practice since there will be increased access to healthcare for the patient populations served, thus resulting in better healthcare outcomes. It will also lower the spread of communicable diseases like COVID-19 infections and reduce the health complications, morbidities, and mortalities associated with these infections, thus reducing related healthcare costs (Da Silva Fagundes et al., 2018). This will promote social change since more people will be aware of approaches to reduce the spread of communicable diseases like vaccination. Thus, they may embrace other vaccinations, like Influenza vaccines which will lower the burden of infectious diseases.

Conclusion

Access to COVID-19 tests, medicines, and vaccines is a global health issue since this plays a key role in curbing the pandemic. Countries have enacted policies to ensure their citizens access tests, treatments, and vaccines, which will promote the control of the virus. The US has the CARES act, which promotes access to COVID-19 treatments and vaccines by requiring insurance providers to cover these services without cost sharing. Australia’s COVID-19 vaccination policy directs all individuals to access vaccines at no cost.

References

Attwell, K., Rizzi, M., McKenzie, L., Carlson, S. J., Roberts, L., Tomkinson, S., & Blyth, C. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine Mandates: An Australian attitudinal study. Vaccine, S0264-410X(21)01530-9. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.11.056

Da Silva Fagundes, L., Frota, O. P., & Silva, E. M. (2018). Nursing practices in vaccination: An integrative review. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 8(8), 128-136. https://doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v8n8p128

Lukens, G., Sullivan, J., & Erzouki, F. (2022). COVID Relief Provisions Stabilized Health Coverage, Improved Access and Affordability. CBPP, March, p. 10.

Moss, K., Wexler, A., Dawson, L., Long, M., Kates, J., Cubanski, J., … & Pollitz, K. (2020). The coronavirus aid, relief, and economic security act: Summary of key health provisions. San Francisco: Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation.

Paremoer, L., Nandi, S., Serag, H., & Baum, F. (2021). Covid-19 pandemic and the social determinants of health. Bmj, 372. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n129

Part 2: A Plan for Social Change

As a nurse leader, I recognize the importance of incorporating a global perspective into my local practice to address global health issues and improve health outcomes for patients. To do so, I would advocate for the following:

Collaboration with International Partners: As a nurse leader, I would work with international partners to share best practices and develop innovative solutions to address global health issues. Collaboration with organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and Doctors Without Borders can help facilitate the exchange of information and resources needed to tackle global health challenges.
Increase Awareness and Education: I would advocate for increasing awareness and education about global health issues among healthcare providers and patients in my local community. By educating healthcare providers and patients about global health issues, we can create a culture that values and prioritizes health equity and access to healthcare services.
Advocacy and Policy Change: I would advocate for policy change at the local and national level to improve access to healthcare services and address the social determinants of health that contribute to global health issues. This could include advocating for increased funding for public health initiatives, expanding access to healthcare services, and addressing the root causes of health disparities.

The incorporation of a global perspective into my local practice as a nurse leader represents and contributes to social change by promoting health equity and addressing the social determinants of health that contribute to global health issues. By working to eliminate health disparities, we can create a more just and equitable society. For example, by advocating for policy change to address the root causes of health disparities in underserved communities, we can help to reduce the burden of communicable diseases and improve access to healthcare services. Overall, incorporating a global perspective into my local practice as a nurse leader can help to create a healthier and more equitable world.

Name: NURS_6050_Module06_Week11_Assignment_Rubric

	Excellent	Good	Fair	Poor
Global Healthcare Issues and PoliciesPart 1: Global Health Comparison Matrix Focusing on the country you selected and the U.S., complete the Global Health Comparison Matrix. Be sure to address the following: • Consider the U.S. national/federal health policies that have been adapted for the global health issue you selected from the WHO global health agenda. Compare these policies to the additional country you selected for study.	45 (45%) – 50 (50%) Response uses sufficient evidence and provides clear, accurate, and detailed explanation of:-strengths and weaknesses of policies in the U.S. and another country -how the social determinants of health impact the issue in the U.S. and in another country. Specific examples are provided. -how the governments of the two countries address cost, quality, and access related to the issue. -how the policy in each of the two countries impacts the health of the global population. Detailed and accurate supporting examples are provided. -how the policies in each country impact the role of the nurse. -how the global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in each of the two countries.	40 (40%) – 44 (44%) Response uses sufficient evidence and provides an explanation of:-the strengths and weaknesses of policies in the U.S. and another country. -how the social determinants of health impact the issue in the U.S. and in another country. Specific examples may be provided. -how the governments of the two countries address cost, quality, and access related to the issue. -how the policy in each of the two countries impacts the health of the global population. Supporting examples may be provided. -how the policies in each country impact the role of the nurse. -how the global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in each of the two countries.	35 (35%) – 39 (39%) Explanation of the strengths and weaknesses of policies in the U.S. and another country is vague or inaccurate.Explanation of how the social determinants of health impact the issue in the U.S. and another country, and/or the examples, are vague or inaccurate. Explanation of how the governments of the two countries address cost, quality, and access related to the issue is vague or inaccurate. Explanation of how the policy in each of the two countries impacts the health of the global population, and/or supporting examples, is vague or inaccurate. Explanation of how the policies in each country impact the role of the nurse is vague or incomplete. Explanation of how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in each of the two countries is vague or inaccurate.	0 (0%) – 34 (34%) Explanation of the strengths and weaknesses of policies in the U.S. and another country is vague and inaccurate or is missing.Explanation of how the social determinants of health impact the issue in the U.S. and in another country, and the examples, are vague and inaccurate, or is missing. Explanation of how the governments of the two countries address cost, quality, and access related to the issue is vague and inaccurate or is missing. Explanation of how the policy in each of the two countries impacts the global population, and supporting examples, is missing. Explanation of how the policies in each country impact the role of the nurse is vague and inaccurate or is missing. Explanation of how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries is missing.
The Nurse’s Role in Global HealthcarePart 2: A Plan for Social Change Reflect on the global health policy comparison and analysis you conducted in Part 1 of the Assignment. In a 1-page response, create a plan for social change that incorporates a global perspective or lens into your local practice and role as a nurse leader. • Explain how you would advocate for the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into your local practice and role as a nurse leader. • Explain how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens might impact your local practice and role as a nurse leader. • Explain how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into your local practice as a nurse leader represents and contributes to social change. Be specific and provide examples.	32 (32%) – 35 (35%) Using sufficient evidence, Response provides a clear and thorough explanation of how one would advocate for the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into his/her role as a nurse leader.Response provides a clear and thorough explanation of how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens might impact local practice and the role as a nurse leader. Response clearly and thoroughly explains in detail how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens in one’s role as a nurse represents and contributes to social change. Accurate And detailed supporting examples are provided.	28 (28%) – 31 (31%) Using sufficient evidence, Response provides an explanation of how one would advocate for the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into his/her role as a nurse leader.Response provides an explanation of how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens might impact local practice and the role as a nurse leader. Response explains how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens in one’s role as a nurse represents and contributes to social change. Some supporting examples are provided.	25 (25%) – 27 (27%) Explanation of how one would advocate for the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into his/her role as a nurse leader is vague or incomplete.Explanation of how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens might impact local practice and the role as a nurse leader is vague or incomplete. Explanation of how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens in one’s role as a nurse represents and contributes to social change, and/or supporting examples provided, are vague or incomplete.	0 (0%) – 24 (24%) Explanation of how one would advocate for the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into his/her role as a nurse leader is vague and incomplete or is missing.Explanation of how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens might impact local practice and the role as a nurse leader is vague and incomplete or is missing. Explanation of how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens in one’s role as a nurse represents and contributes to social change, and/or supporting examples, is missing.
Written Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization:Paragraphs make clear points that support well developed ideas, low logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused– neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction is provided which delineates all required criteria.	5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity.A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion is provided which delineates all required criteria.	4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time.Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment is stated, yet is brief and not descriptive.	3 (3%) – 3 (3%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%- 79% of the time.Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment is vague or off topic.	0 (0%) – 2 (2%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity < 60% of the time.Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment is incomplete or missing.
Written Expression and Formatting – English Writing Standards:Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation	5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors.	4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Contains a few (1-2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.	3 (3%) – 3 (3%) Contains several (3-4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.	0 (0%) – 2 (2%) Contains many (≥5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding.
Written Expression and Formatting:The paper follows correct APA format for title page, font, spacing, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list).	5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Uses correct APA format with no errors.	4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Contains a few (1-2) APA format errors.	3 (3%) – 3 (3%) Contains several (3-4) APA format errors.	0 (0%) – 2 (2%) Contains many (≥5) APA format errors.

Total Points: 100

NURS 6050 Week 11 Assignment Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement