NUR 550 Week 1 Discussion Question

Grand Canyon University NUR 550 Week 1 Discussion Question-Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University NUR 550 Week 1 Discussion Question assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for NUR 550 Week 1 Discussion Question                       

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University NUR 550 Week 1 Discussion Question depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for NUR 550 Week 1 Discussion Question                       

The introduction for the Grand Canyon University NUR 550 Week 1 Discussion Question is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

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How to Write the Body for NUR 550 Week 1 Discussion Question                       

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NUR 550 Week 1 Discussion Question  assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for NUR 550 Week 1 Discussion Question                       

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for NUR 550 Week 1 Discussion Question                       

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for NUR 550 Week 1 Discussion Question Included After Question

DQ1 Define how translational research plays a role in influencing policy? Provide an example of a local health care policy that has been recently enacted and or is awaiting legislative passage that has been influenced by research.

A Sample Answer For the Assignment: NUR 550 Week 1 Discussion Question

Title: NUR 550 Week 1 Discussion Question

The advancement in healthcare highly relies on translation research as it entails changing basic research into an outcome. These outcomes have a direct benefit on human health. The insights gained from the basic research always need an effective translation process to align with the health needs of humans (Banner et al., 2019). Levels of translational research include, T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4 (Choi et al., 2018). This is different from evidence-based practice. EBP is already approved and available evidence for making decisions and providing effective and efficient care for patients based on a scientific basis.

Translation research forms the basis for developing evidence-based practice. It implements interventions and contextual variables that affect the understanding of the community about health and practice. The evidence is gained from the practice as it allows the healthcare system to apply current evidence on clinical expertise and patient values that aid in directing healthcare decisions (Banner et al., 2019). Translation research goes through different stages to advance into evidence-based practice. Evidence-based practices have formed the main pillar in advancing equitable healthcare and preventive services for the longest time in healthcare.

Translation research and evidence-based practice are significant in healthcare as they focus on developing a positive outcome in healthcare management. They develop a new approach to healthcare issues that allows healthcare professionals to advance their roles in meeting the desired patient outcome (Li et al., 2018). Effective ways of managing population health is an objectives that each healthcare professional would want to meet. Focusing attention on translation research would imply that the research system in healthcare would sharpen its tools for improving healthcare.

NUR 550 Week 1 Discussion Question References

Banner, D., Bains, M., Carroll, S., Kandola, D. K., Rolfe, D. E., Wong, C., & Graham, I. D. (2019). Patient and public engagement in integrated knowledge translation research: are we there yet? Research Involvement and Engagement, 5(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40900-019-0139-1

Choi, P. J., Tubbs, R. S., & Oskouian, R. J. (2018). The current trend of the translational research paradigm. Cureus10(3). Doi: 10.7759/cureus.2340

Li, Y., Zhao, L., Yu, D., & Ding, G. (2018). The prevalence and risk factors of dyslipidemia in different diabetic progression stages among middle-aged and elderly populations in China. PLoS One13(10), e0205709. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205709

A Sample Answer 2 For the Assignment: NUR 550 Week 1 Discussion Question

Title: NUR 550 Week 1 Discussion Question

DQ2 Using the GCU Library (notably the GCU Library: Nursing and Health Sciences Research Guide), find a database, journal, or other collection of resources that focuses on translational research. Select a population health problem or issue of interest from the available studies. What type of translational research is used for the study? Provide rationale as to why this is the best type of translational research is best for the study, and explain why translational research is the most appropriate approach for this problem or population.

Facilitating the translation of basic and clinical research into clinical practice and improved population health has become a major goal of the health‐related research enterprise. The original emphasis on supporting “bench to bedside” translation has been expanded to include facilitating applications of basic and clinical research into practice settings and into broader community environments. 1

In this essay, we emphasize the additional, critical role of public policy in achieving the overall goal of improving the health of individuals and populations by the more effective and efficient application of new knowledge. We suggest that the importance of this effort applies across the full spectrum of research from basic to clinical research, from controlled clinical trials to practice settings, and from clinical practice settings to efforts in the broader community. Although the role of policy has been sporadically included in the translation process, we suggest that its importance mandates greater attention and emphasis.

Why Is Public Policy Relevant to Researchers?

Public policies can be impacted by basic and clinical research findings, and research can be impacted by public policy. Informing public policy is a critical and powerful way of improving the health of individuals and of populations. Lawrence Brown, 2 among others, has identified several ways in which research can impact health‐related policy making. These include accurately and objectively documenting the existence, quantifying the extent, and demonstrating the correlates of a problem; analyzing the problem to identify what interventions work and which do not, and identifying undesired and unintended consequences of policy decisions; suggesting or prescribing options to address the problem; and, perhaps most importantly, raising the quality of the debate about health issues to include scholarly evidence as well as anecdotes and biases. 3

The net effect is the promotion of “evidence‐based policy making” 4 as a direct analogy to evidence‐based clinical practice. In one survey, 5 almost 90% of policy makers and their staff valued researchers’ thoughts on the policy implications of their work. Numerous examples of the meaningful translation of basic, clinical, and health services research into public policy may be cited as indications of the potential of this approach. These include adding measures of the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors for treating heart failure in pay‐for‐performance physician payment reform models and implementing state mandates for human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination.

The need for this input will continue to grow at the state and federal levels as new discoveries from translational efforts introduce new challenges to policy and regulation. Policy debates will follow advances in, for example, pharmacogenomics and individualized medicine, 6 as well as around efforts to expand access to new and established treatments for, for example, asthma and obesity to improve population health. 1

On the other hand, public policy can have substantial impacts on the research enterprise. The most direct impact is on financial support from public sources. The level of support is influenced by the general value that policy makers place on research as well as by political forces related to specific topics and proposals. 7 Other effects relate to specific areas of research. Recent examples include governmental limits on politically sensitive topics such as stem cell research, on applying results of clinical effectiveness research to health care financing, and on other issues opposed by powerful advocacy groups. 8 9

New policy initiatives can also spur major areas of research, as Medicare and Medicaid programs did for the growth of health systems research and health economics, 2 while political controversies can steer investigators away from some topics. 10 Finally, political forces can use or misuse research results to support policy decisions in unintended or inappropriate ways. 3 11 Thus, there is much at stake for all parties.

The Role of Academia

Academic institutions can have a major role in influencing public policy. They have much to gain from public support of research and they have the expertise to promote evidence‐based policy making. They also have the advantage of being generally viewed as well‐informed, objective advisors or “honest brokers,” without a vested interest in the outcomes of a debate as do most other knowledge sources in a political environment. 12

Despite the potential values of the linkage between research and the policy making process, research is uncommonly used in making policy decisions. As summarized by Brown, 2 “… it must be a very good and rare day indeed when policymakers take their cues mainly from scientific knowledge about the state of the world they hope to change or protect.” The breadth and depth of the gap has been demonstrated by, for example, Soumerai and associates 13 in an analysis of the scant use of research data in state Medicaid policy making. Jonathan Lomas 14 likened the disconnect between research and policy making to the “sound of one hand clapping.”

This disconnect results from factors within universities as well as differences between the “two communities” of researchers and public policy makers. Within many academic health centers, the translation of basic and clinical research into policy has been constrained by the limited value placed on policy analysis and research. It often does not result in the same valued outputs as other forms of scholarship, that is, fewer manuscripts in traditionally accepted journals, fewer grants from established sources, etc., that impact promotion and tenure decisions. 15 Also, and substantially as a result of the first constraint, faculties commonly do not have the needed skills and knowledge of policy content, the political context in which policies are made, and approaches needed to effectively inform policy makers.

Differences between the goals, needs, and cultures of academia and public policy are also major obstacles to the meaningful use of research in policy making. 14 16 Policy makers function in a complex environment in which decisions are based on many factors including political and pragmatic pressures, competing priorities, prior commitments to stakeholders, ideologies, values, and economics in addition to the best objective evidence. Policy makers require straight‐forward, practical, and “actionable” results that focus on a specific issue within a short time frame and tthat consider contextual factors such as local relevance, cost, and political acceptability, and they may be forced to act even if the evidence is poor. Researchers, on the other hand, seek to study an intellectually challenging problem thoroughly and examine the complexity of issues without preset time frames to provide rigorous results and creative new approaches to solving problems that withstand the critique of peers. Research findings are commonly not easily accessed by policy makers and, when available, are suffused with technical jargon, statistical estimations, and cautions rather than the clear conclusions and specific recommendations needed by policy makers.

The net effect has been described by Lomas 17 as “finger pointing,” as policy makers argue that researchers produce an irrelevant and poorly communicated product that is “often the wrong size, needs some assembly, is on back order, and comes in last year’s fashion line.” Researchers, in turn, complain that policy makers act on political expediency to produce irrational decisions.

Biostatistics is the study of biological phenomena through the application of statistical modeling, methodologies and processes. The value of biostatistics is significant to public health and preventive medicine. Biostatistics uses mathematical, scientific, and social approaches that allow the monitoring of disease trends and offering interventions to prevent future infections and disease. Biostatistics study diseases, disorders, and health risks related to certain behaviors related to local environment Scwaid, 2017). The implication is that biostatistics offers the foundation of epidemiological research. Therefore, population health research needs statistics that can help providers and researchers develop interventions to prevent occurrence of disease conditions.

Epidemiology is more than the study of population health as it entails the application of knowledge attained by the studies to community-centered practice. Therefore, epidemiology plays a significant role in researching and addressing population health challenges by allowing researchers and practitioners to apply the scientific knowledge and outcomes to solve health population issues (Villeneuve et al., 2020). The implication is that epidemiology is a critical component of evidence-based practice interventions and their application in clinical settings before being translated to communities to enhance population health outcomes. researchers and providers use epidemiological approaches in disease surveillance to identify hazards and public health risks with the aim of preparing the population for better prevention and primary health.

Epidemiology and biostatistics are essential to the evidence-based practice proposal as they will enhance data collection and use of interventions to attain its stated goals. Epidemiology describes the health status, identifies risks and analyzes the interactions between health and various hazards while biostatistics studies diseases, disorders and interventions (Schwaid, 2017). Therefore, they will help attain the goals of the proposal by providing required data and improved understanding of the status of the different populations.

References

Schwaid, G. (2017). Epidemiology and Biostatistics. Board Review in Preventive Medicine and

Public Health, 79–185. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-813778-9.00003-7

Villeneuve, P. J., Paradis, G., & Muhajarine, N. (2020). Always better together: The Canadian

Journal of Public Health and the Canadian Society for Epidemiology and Biostatistics. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 111(3), 305-307. https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-020-00362-x

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