NUR 550 Topic 2 DQ 2 Consider ecological and global issues, social determinants of health, principles of genetics, and genomics

Sample Answer for NUR 550 Topic 2 DQ 2 Consider ecological and global issues, social determinants of health, principles of genetics, and genomics Included After Question

Consider ecological and global issues, social determinants of health, principles of genetics, and genomics. Explain how translational research can be applied in these areas to address the burden of global disease.

A Sample Answer For the Assignment: NUR 550 Topic 2 DQ 2 Consider ecological and global issues, social determinants of health, principles of genetics, and genomics

Title: NUR 550 Topic 2 DQ 2 Consider ecological and global issues, social determinants of health, principles of genetics, and genomics

Re: Topic 2 DQ 2

According to W.H. Schlesinger (2010) Translational Ecology has allowed the information that is important regarding environmental changes reach the public. Schlesinger (2010) goes on to say that keeping communication open between stakeholders and scientists furthers its reach. With the introduction of Health People 2020, and their initiative to achieve health equality there has been conduction and decimation of vast amounts of translational research (Tucker, et.al, 2019). There are many health disparities among many different types of people, but with translational research’s multidisciplinary approach, researchers can potentially help to inform interventions and eliminate health disparities (Tucker, et.al, 2019).

Translational research within genomes is interesting, according to Pasipoularides (2017) they are now attempting to approach medicine the way Hippocrates initially envisioned, by treating the underlying etiology of disease and not symptom based like is often done today. By conducting translational research, they are hoping to be able to take a bit of peripheral blood and sequence a customized treatment to your disease processes (Pasipoularides, 2017). With normal medication management of cardiac disease processes, they are only seeing 50-75% of patients with the desired outcome (Pasipoularides, 2017). With this research they can end the one size fits all approach that medicine has come to know (Pasipoularides, 2017). I think that with the translational research attempting to reach these results would be amazing in all areas, I know that they are really focusing on cardiac patients, but the application could really be phenomenal.

Schlesinger, W. H. (2010, August 6). Translational Ecology. Science. https://science.sciencemag.org/content/329/5992/609

Tucker, C. M., Kang, S., & Williams, J. L. (2019). Translational research to reduce health disparities and promote health equity. Translational Issues in Psychological Science, 5(4), 297-301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/tps0000215

Pasipoularides A. (2017). Genomic translational research: Paving the way to individualized cardiac functional analyses and personalized cardiology. International journal of cardiology, 230, 384–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.12.097

A Sample Answer 2 For the Assignment: NUR 550 Topic 2 DQ 2 Consider ecological and global issues, social determinants of health, principles of genetics, and genomics

Title: NUR 550 Topic 2 DQ 2 Consider ecological and global issues, social determinants of health, principles of genetics, and genomics

Re: Topic 2 DQ 2

Health and illness follow a social gradient, making social, environmental, and economic circumstances lead to health inequities, often across generations (World Health Organization [WHO], n.d.). Health equity puts people first, allocating resources so that those with

fewer resources and those that face exclusion and discrimination see improvements in their health and living conditions. Inequities such as where people live, grow up, learn, and work leads to certain groups having poorer quality housing, education, fewer employment opportunities, and less access to clean air and water, food security, and health care. Transcultural research will take the information learned to close the gap between health inequities, advancing healthy living conditions for all social groups. By combining evidence and knowledge to understand more, health inequities are avoidable and preventable.

Health inequities lag the economic and social development of communities and countries (Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion [ODPHP], 2021). With the rapidly advancing genomics, the aim is to promote health and treat disease, considering individual differences in people’s genes, environments, and lifestyles, using the benefits of genetic tests and family history to guide clinical and public health interventions. Translational research is a never-ending loop of research and translations, allowing us to understand science, putting practical applications in place to enhance human health and well-being (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2018).

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Resources

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, May 1). Translation research. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/translationresearch/default.html.

Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (2021, June 23). Genomics. https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/genomics.

World Health Organization. (n.d.). Social determinants of health to advance equity. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/social-determinants-of-health-to-advance-equity

 

A Sample Answer 3 For the Assignment: NUR 550 Topic 2 DQ 2 Consider ecological and global issues, social determinants of health, principles of genetics, and genomics

Title: NUR 550 Topic 2 DQ 2 Consider ecological and global issues, social determinants of health, principles of genetics, and genomics

Re: Topic 2 DQ 2

Population health is determined by ecological, global, and social determinants and factors such as nutrition, genetics, lifestyle, environment, and socioeconomic factors. However, the two key determinants of population health are nutrition and lifestyle (Olshansky, 2017). As a crucial determinant of health, nutrition is perceived in three dimensions: person, family, and community. In rural settings, nutrition is a significant challenge that affects population health as people have limited access to healthy foods. As a result, they are likely to experience calorie deficiency, protein malnutrition, premature deaths, low birth weights, and other issues.

Although people have access to healthy foods in the urban regions, they face lifestyle challenges such as less physical activity and obesity due to junk foods (Olshansky, 2017). Environmental pollution influences population health, although the impact is more intensified in rural communities. People in rural regions are more exposed to hygiene, agrochemicals, and insecticides, while those in urban areas are more vulnerable to air and water pollution but are less affected. Health disparity resulting from inequality in household income, gender, and education is another socioeconomic determinant that affects population health (Olshansky, 2017).

The principle of genetics and genomics has also affected population health. For instance, genetic risks can influence the rate of morbidity of a particular disease, such as cancer. Available literature shows that diseases like cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, leukemia, and many others have been associated with genetic risks (Baird, 2017). To properly understand how ecological and global issues, social determinants of health, principles of genetics, and genomes affect population health, the application of translational research is necessary. The reason is that translational research involves four steps in which an issue can be researched, possible interventions examined, and the impact of these recommendations on population health assessed.

References

Baird, P. A. (2017). The role of genetics in population health. In R. G. Evans, M. L. Barer, & T. R. Marmor (Eds.), Why are some people healthy and others not? (pp. 133-160). Routledge.

Olshansky, E. F. (2017). Social determinants of health: The role of nursing. AJN The American Journal of Nursing, 117(12), 11.

Also Check Out:  NUR 550 Topic 2 DQ 1 Explain the value of biostatistics in population health research

A Sample Answer 4 For the Assignment: NUR 550 Topic 2 DQ 2 Consider ecological and global issues, social determinants of health, principles of genetics, and genomics

Title: NUR 550 Topic 2 DQ 2 Consider ecological and global issues, social determinants of health, principles of genetics, and genomics

Very nice overview of qualitative versus quantitative research. I like the comparison of what each type of research is looking for. In qualitative research, we are trying to answer the who, what, when, where, how, and why. Qualitative research methods include surveys, focus groups, and observation (Martin, 2013). When performing quantitative research, we are trying to find out how much. This can be for an occurrence or relationship. Occurrences are studied using cross sectional surveys, cohort studies, or case control studies (Martin, 2013). The research style to study cause and effect relationships is randomized clinical trial, where a control group and an intervention group are studied to determine causal effect.

 Martin, G. (2013, October 28). Research Methods – Introduction [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDjS20kic54 

A Sample Answer 5 For the Assignment: NUR 550 Topic 2 DQ 2 Consider ecological and global issues, social determinants of health, principles of genetics, and genomics

Title: NUR 550 Topic 2 DQ 2 Consider ecological and global issues, social determinants of health, principles of genetics, and genomics

Translational research is the process of turning observations seen in the community into interventions that will improve the health of the public. The challenge of doing this process is taking basic discoveries observed and turning them into health benefits (Gilliland et al., 2016). Global disease is increasing at an alarming rate, with the population accumulating more and more chronic conditions. Our society, especially in the United States, has more health disparities and social determinants than any other country. I think it largely has to do with our diet.

The food we eat is pumped with different chemicals and preservatives, aiding in our demise of different health diseases/conditions. Based on these theories, research should be funded, trying to isolate what chemical is causing them. Translational researchers can learn information from the real-world experiences of patients living with these different health disparities. For example, isolating and connecting the dots to what causes cancer. It is essential to advocate and increase the understanding of this transitional research, gaining prospects from different funders and policymakers, and helping to improve our communities and the lives of others.

References:

Gilliland, C. T., Zuk, D., Kocis, P., Johnson, M., Hay, S., Hajduch, M., Bietrix, F., Aversa, G., Austin, C. P., & Ussi, A. E. (2016). Putting translational science on to a global stage. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 15(4), 217–218. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd.2016.33

A Sample Answer 6 For the Assignment: NUR 550 Topic 2 DQ 2 Consider ecological and global issues, social determinants of health, principles of genetics, and genomics

Title: NUR 550 Topic 2 DQ 2 Consider ecological and global issues, social determinants of health, principles of genetics, and genomics

Unfortunately, traditional research has been exclusive in both participants and beneficiaries. Historically, most health research studies are made up of mostly Caucasian participants and are geared towards benefiting Caucasian communities (Tucker et al., 2019). Not only have research studies of the past excluded minority participants, but some have also deliberately deceived and abused populations of color. It is for this reason that some minority groups, specifically African Americans in the United States, distrust the traditional research process and rarely participate.

Translational research has potential to avoid some of the pitfalls of traditional research by being more inclusive and involving members from the communities that experience the specific ecological and global issues, social determinants of health, principles of genetics, and genomics being studied. When members from the specific communities are represented in the research, the results will be more appropriate and beneficial to their unique issues and the individuals in the communities will be more trusting of the process and the outcomes (Tucker et al., 2019).  

Reference: Tucker, C. M., Kang, S., & Williams, J. L. (2019). Translational research to reduce health disparities and promote health equity. Translational Issues in Psychological Science, 5, 297-301. https://doi.org/10.1037/tps0000215 

A Sample Answer 7 For the Assignment: NUR 550 Topic 2 DQ 2 Consider ecological and global issues, social determinants of health, principles of genetics, and genomics

Title: NUR 550 Topic 2 DQ 2 Consider ecological and global issues, social determinants of health, principles of genetics, and genomics

I think remembering what translational research can help understand how it can be applied to almost an area to address the burden of global disease. The best explanation I found to understand translational research is from University of North Carolina School of Medicine. UNC discusses that translational research takes scientific discoveries made in the lab, in the clinic or out in the field and transforms them into new treatments and approaches to medical care that improve the health of the population (Henderson, n.d.). UNC goes on to break down translational research into two areas, the first being applying discoveries into the development of trials and studies in humans and second research aimed at enhancing the adoption of best practice in the community (Henderson, n.d.). This being said when it comes to addressing the burden of global disease translational research can help us find evidence-based ways to battle these issues.

For example, translational research has helped us with some of the long-standing global health issues that we have right now like HIV, TB, and vaccine-preventable diseases. There was translational research done on the influenza vaccine that included an evaluation of the effectiveness that was shared by the World Health Organization. This study was to help implement new influenza programs around the whole world and to health other countries design observation influenza studies based on our success of reducing death due to influenza from our vaccinations (World Health Organization, 2017).

Reference

Henderson, C. (n.d.). What is Clinical & Translational Research? https://tracs.unc.edu/index.php/clinical-translational-research

World Health Organization. (2017). Evaluation of influenza vaccine effectiveness: A guide to the design and interpretation of observational studies. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/255203/9789241512121-eng.pdf

A Sample Answer 8 For the Assignment: NUR 550 Topic 2 DQ 2 Consider ecological and global issues, social determinants of health, principles of genetics, and genomics

Title: NUR 550 Topic 2 DQ 2 Consider ecological and global issues, social determinants of health, principles of genetics, and genomics

There are many potential causes of conflict occurring within health care organizations. Some of the most common include: differing opinions on how to provide care, competing interests between different departments or caregivers, and lack of communication or miscommunication between caregivers (Haar et al., 2021). The conflicts may also arise due to the existence of bureaucracy and red tape hampering efficient workflow, inefficient systems or protocols causing delays and leaving patients stuck in limbo, and rivalry between caregivers or teams vying for recognition or better outcomes.

There are a number of negotiation and conflict resolution principles that can be used by the nurse leader to address conflict. Some common principles of negotiation and conflict resolution include: focusing on interests, not positions, using objective criteria as much as possible, looking for creative solutions, being transparent and honest, giving and seeking feedback, and preparing thoroughly. Each of these principles can be useful in resolving conflicts within the nursing staff (Haar et al., 2021). By focusing on the interests of all parties involved, using objective criteria, looking for creative solutions, and assuming good intent, nurse leaders can work towards resolving conflicts in a more positive manner.

The most effective model or leadership theory to use in addressing conflict will vary depending on the specific situation and context. However, some general models and theories that could be effective in addressing conflict include servant leadership, transformational leadership, and collaborative problem solving. Transformational leaders inspire their followers to do more than they thought possible (Borkowski & Meese, 2020). They tap into their followers’ emotions and dreams, and provide a sense of purpose. This can be very motivating in times of conflict, when people may feel angry or frustrated. A transformational leader can help to redirect that energy towards productive goals. Servant leaders put the needs of their followers first. They are humble and listen carefully, seeking to understand the other person’s perspective. This creates a sense of trust, which can be instrumental in resolving conflict.