NRS 455 Identify a cardiac or respiratory dysfunction and its cause
Sample Answer for NRS 455 Identify a cardiac or respiratory dysfunction and its cause Included After Question
Topic 1 DQ 1
Assessment Description
Identify a cardiac or respiratory dysfunction and its cause. Outline the key steps necessary to prevent the dysfunction and improve health status.
Initial discussion question posts should be a minimum of 200 words and include at least two references cited using APA format. Responses to peers or faculty should be 100-150 words and include one reference. Refer to “RN-BSN Discussion Question Rubric” and “RN-BSN Participation Rubric,” located in Class Resources, to understand the expectations for initial discussion question posts and participation posts, respectively.
Resources
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Pathophysiology: Clinical Applications for Client Health
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A Sample Answer For the Assignment: NRS 455 Identify a cardiac or respiratory dysfunction and its cause
Title: NRS 455 Identify a cardiac or respiratory dysfunction and its cause
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic lung disease that causes obstructed flow of air from an individual’s lungs. This condition can include several respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. COPD causes inflammation of airways, lung tissue destruction, and airflow reduction, eventually making it difficult to inhale sufficient oxygen needed by the body (Celli & Wedzicha, 2019). Smoking is the most prevalent cause of COPD as cigarettes contain toxic compounds that can affect the interior of the lungs and the airway eventually making it difficult for a person to breathe normally. Furthermore, workplace exposure to certain chemicals and particles can harm the lungs and increase the likelihood of getting COPD. COPD is often avoidable and treatable. COPD therapeutic options involve lifestyle modifications like quitting smoking and medications that open the airways such as bronchodilators. Individuals with severe COPD who have low oxygen intake in their bloodstream may benefit from supplemental oxygen at home. Although tobacco smoke is the leading contributing factor to COPD, cigarette quitting is the non-pharmacological approach for pulmonary rehabilitation (Dobric et al., 2022). Nurses’ ought to advocate tobacco cessation and take the appropriate action like follow up on patients to monitor the course of COPD. Moreover, being physically active is also another way to help prevent COPD. Although no workout routine can avoid COPD, daily physical activity can assist the lung muscles to work more effectively while strengthening the general resistance (Moloney, 2022).
Dobric, A., De Luca, S. N., Spencer, S. J., Bozinovski, S., Saling, M. M., McDonald, C. F., & Vlahos, R. (2022). Novel pharmacological strategies to treat cognitive dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 233, 108017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108017
Celli, B. R., & Wedzicha, J. A. (2019). Update on Clinical Aspects of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. The New England journal of medicine, 381(13), 1257–1266. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1900500
Moloney, C. (2022). Understanding COPD Emergency Department presentations: using thematic analysis to explore the voices of patients, nurses, and doctors on the lived experience of managing COPD. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, 40(1), 12–20. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.37464/2023.401.195REPLY
Pneumonia is a respiratory dysfunction in which the alveoli fill with pus or fluids (What is pneumonia, n.d.). It is characterized by stabbing chest pain and is often accompanied by high fever, chills, a mucous producing cough, tachypnea, and even anorexia (Johnson, 2022). The invading microorganism can come from viral, fungal, bacterial, hospital or community acquired sources. Identification of the source is vital to appropriate treatment.
To determine if pneumonia is present, a medical history is obtained followed by a physical exam, including auscultation of the lung fields. The healthcare provider will be listening for crackling, dullness, or even absence of breath sounds. A chest x-ray or CT scan will definitively diagnose if pneumonia is present (Johnson, 2022).
Treatment will consist of antibiotics, specific to what type of pneumonia is discovered. Depending on the seriousness of the condition, treatment may also include oxygen therapy and hospital admission and monitoring. It can take several weeks before recovery occurs (What is pneumonia, n.d.). The seriousness of the pneumonia can be dependent on several factors including age, comorbidities, smoking, lifestyle, and type of pneumonia (What is pneumonia, n.d.).
The steps necessary to prevent pneumonia and improve health status include living a healthy lifestyle, (quitting smoking), good hygiene practices, (washing your hands regularly), and vaccinations (pneumococcal, influenza, and COVID) (Pneumonia can be prevented immunizations can help, 2022). It is the responsibility of the healthcare provider to educate the patient on these steps and make sure there is understanding, so that optimal level of functioning can be achieved.
The success of the patient requires compliance with medication, therapies, treatments, activity, and dietary guidelines (Johnson, 2022). Success also depends on including family, psychosocial, and cultural support. Credible web-based resources should also be provided (Johnson, 2022).
Complications of pneumonia can occur without proper diagnosis, treatment, and recovery education. These complications include acute respiratory disease, respiratory failure, kidney, liver, heart damage, and sepsis (What is pneumonia, n.d.).
References:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, September 30). Pneumonia can be prevented-immunizations can help. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/pneumonia/prevention.html
Johnson, A. (2022). Cardiorespiratory Complexities. In Pathophysiology: Clinical Applications for Client Health (2nd ed.). Grand Canyon University. https://bibliu.com/app/#/view/books/1000000000590/epub/Chapter1.html
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). What is pneumonia?. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/pneumonia#:~:text=Pneumonia%20is%20an%20infection%20that,or%20fungi%20may%20cause%20pneumonia.
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