NRNP 6665 PRESCRIBING FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

Walden University NRNP 6665 PRESCRIBING FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS-Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Walden University NRNP 6665 PRESCRIBING FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for NRNP 6665 PRESCRIBING FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS                       

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Walden University NRNP 6665 PRESCRIBING FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for NRNP 6665 PRESCRIBING FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS                       

The introduction for the Walden University NRNP 6665 PRESCRIBING FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

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How to Write the Body for NRNP 6665 PRESCRIBING FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS                       

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NRNP 6665 PRESCRIBING FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS  assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for NRNP 6665 PRESCRIBING FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS                       

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for NRNP 6665 PRESCRIBING FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS                       

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Prescribing for Children and Adolescents

            Early in life, depression can strike. The sole treatment option for mild depression in teens and kids is frequent psychotherapy. If the depression indications don’t start to improve after up to eight weeks or if they worsen, an antidepressant medication may be suggested (Hetrick et al., 2021). For children and teenagers with mild to severe depression, psychotherapy, and one or more medications are often required. The phrase used for this is combination therapy. Combo therapy can enhance coping mechanisms, self-esteem, the likelihood that symptoms will subside, and relationships with loved ones. This paper provides three treatment options for addressing depressive disorders in children and adolescents: one medication with FDA approval, one medication used off-label, and one nonpharmacological approach.

FDA-Approved Drug

FDA has authorized the use of fluoxetine as the first-line treatment for depressed young patients (Selph & McDonagh, 2019). The medication is an SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor), which carries a higher risk of inciting suicidal thoughts, necessitating cautious observation. The medication has shown promise in reducing depression symptoms in children with 6 to 8 weeks of therapy when administered in modest dosages. The American Psychological Association and American Academy of Pediatrics clinical recommendations support using fluoxetine to treat pediatric depression because of its increased safety, tolerability, and reduced risk of side effects (Araz Altay et al., 2019).

Off-Label Drug

With their favorable safety profile, SSRIs like Sertraline are frequently used off-label for the treatment of depression in children. The FDA has authorized the medication for the treatment of OCD in children aged 6 and older (Potter et al., 2019). Intoxicating dosages of the medicine have been linked to the possibility of disorientation, hallucinations, and agitation. Yet, compared to other psychotropic drugs, the medicine has shown considerable success in reducing depression symptoms in children when used in tiny dosages and adjusted gradually depending on treatment outcomes. The preponderance of national clinical guidelines, including clinical guidelines of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) for managing depression in children, suggest it due to its effectiveness, tolerability, and safety among this vulnerable population (Cao et al., 2021).

Nonpharmacological Intervention

Non-pharmacological therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy and other psychotherapy modalities can also be used to treat childhood depression. Research demonstrates that CBT may effectively treat minor depression on its own, without the need for medication (Liu et al., 2021). In contrast, when depression in children is severe, using CBT in addition to medicine speeds up the recovery of depressed symptoms. Children can develop resilient coping strategies that improve their quality of life. The majority of clinical recommendations, including the NICE guideline, advocate psychotherapeutic intervention as the first line in the care of children with depression due to the advantages of CBT usage.

Conclusion

Although the use of antidepressants in children and adolescents has significantly expanded over the past few years, there is still no proof that the advantages exceed the hazards, and treatment-emergent suicidality is still a significant worry. There is undoubtedly a need for more secure and efficient therapies, both pharmaceutical and psychological, as overuse and off-label prescription are serious problems. It is anticipated that this discussion will inspire fresh investigation and insightful debate.

References

‌Araz Altay, M., Bozatlı, L., Demirci Şipka, B., & Görker, I. (2019). Current Pattern of Psychiatric Comorbidity and Psychotropic Drug Prescription in Child and Adolescent Patients. Medicina55(5), 159. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55050159

Cao, T. X. D., Fraga, L. F. C., Fergusson, E., Michaud, J., Dell’Aniello, S., Yin, H., Rej, S., Azoulay, L., & Renoux, C. (2021). Prescribing Trends of Antidepressants and Psychotropic Coprescription for Youths in UK Primary Care, 2000-2018. Journal of Affective Disorders287, 19–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.022

Hetrick, S. E., McKenzie, J. E., Bailey, A. P., Sharma, V., Moller, C. I., Badcock, P. B., Cox, G. R., Merry, S. N., & Meader, N. (2021). New generation antidepressants for depression in children and adolescents: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews2021(5). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd013674.pub2

Liu, W., Li, G., Wang, C., Wang, X., & Yang, L. (2021). Efficacy of Sertraline Combined with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adolescent Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine2021, 5309588. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5309588

Potter, L. A., Scholze, D. A., Biag, H. M. B., Schneider, A., Chen, Y., Nguyen, D. V., Rajaratnam, A., Rivera, S. M., Dwyer, P. S., Tassone, F., Al Olaby, R. R., Choudhary, N. S., Salcedo-Arellano, M. J., & Hagerman, R. J. (2019). A Randomized Controlled Trial of Sertraline in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Frontiers in Psychiatry10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00810

Selph, S. S., & McDonagh, M. S. (2019). Depression in Children and Adolescents: Evaluation and Treatment. American Family Physician100(10), 609–617. https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/1115/p609.html

Sample Answer for NRNP 6665 PRESCRIBING FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS Included

PRESCRIBING FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

Off-label prescribing is when a physician gives you a drug that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved to treat a condition different than your condition. This practice is legal and common. In fact, one in five prescriptions written today are for off-label use.

—Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

Psychotropic drugs are commonly used for children and adolescents to treat mental health disorders, yet many of these drugs are not FDA approved for use in these populations. Thus, their use is considered “off-label,” and it is often up to the best judgment of the prescribing clinician. As a PMHNP, you will need to apply the best available information and research on pharmacological treatments for children in order to safely and effectively treat child and adolescent patients. Sometimes this will come in the form of formal studies and approvals for drugs in children. Other times you may need to extrapolate from research or treatment guidelines on drugs in adults. Each individual patient case will need to be considered independently and each treatment considered from a risk assessment standpoint. What psychotherapeutic approach might be indicated as an initial treatment? What are the potential side effects of a particular drug?

For this Assignment, you consider these questions and others as you explore FDA-approved (“on label”) pharmacological treatments, non-FDA-approved (“off-label”) pharmacological treatments, and nonpharmacological treatments for disorders in children and adolescents.

Reference:

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2015). Off-label drugs: What you need to know. https://www.ahrq.gov/patients-consumers/patient-involvement/off-label-drug-usage.htmlLinks to an external site.

RESOURCES

Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.

WEEKLY RESOURCE

TO PREPARE

  • Your Instructor will assign a specific disorder for you to research for this Assignment.
  • Use the Walden library to research evidence-based treatments for your assigned disorder in children and adolescents. You will need to recommend one FDA-approved drug, one off-label drug, and one nonpharmacological intervention for treating this disorder in children and adolescents.

THE ASSIGNMENT (1–2 PAGES)

  • Recommend one FDA-approved drug, one off-label drug, and one nonpharmacological intervention for treating your assigned disorder in children and adolescents.
  • Explain the risk assessment you would use to inform your treatment decision making. What are the risks and benefits of the FDA-approved medicine? What are the risks and benefits of the off-label drug?
  • Explain whether clinical practice guidelines exist for this disorder and, if so, use them to justify your recommendations. If not, explain what information you would need to take into consideration.
  • Support your reasoning with at least three scholarly resources, one each on the FDA-approved drug, the off-label, and a non-medication intervention for the disorder. Attach the PDFs of your sources.

BY DAY 7 OF WEEK 3

Submit your Assignment.

SUBMISSION INFORMATION

Before submitting your final assignment, you can check your draft for authenticity. To check your draft, access the Turnitin Drafts from the Start Here area.

  1. To submit your completed assignment, save your Assignment as WK3Assgn1+last name+first initial.
  2. Then, click on Start Assignment near the top of the page.
  3. Next, click on Upload File and select Submit Assignment for review.

Rubric

NRNP_6665_Week3_Assignment1_Rubric
NRNP_6665_Week3_Assignment1_Rubric
Criteria Ratings Pts
In 1–2 pages, address the following: • Recommend one FDA-approved drug, one off-label drug, and one nonpharmacological intervention for treating your assigned disorder in children and adolescents.

25 to >22.0 pts

Excellent
The response accurately and concisely explains one FDA-approved drug, one off-label drug, and one nonpharmacological intervention that would be appropriate for treating the assigned disorder in children and adolescents.

22 to >19.0 pts

Good
The response accurately explains one FDA-approved drug, one off-label drug, and one nonpharmacological intervention that would be appropriate for treating the assigned disorder in children and adolescents.

19 to >17.0 pts

Fair
The response somewhat vaguely or inaccurately explains one FDA-approved drug, one off-label drug, and one nonpharmacological intervention that would be appropriate for treating the assigned disorder in children and adolescents.

17 to >0 pts

Poor
The response vaguely or inaccurately explains interventions that would be appropriate for treating the assigned disorder in children and adolescents. Interventions may not represent the three types of interventions required, or response may be missing.
25 pts
• Explain the risk assessment you would use to inform your treatment decision making. What are the risks and benefits of the FDA-approved medicine? What are the risks and benefits of the off-label drug?

25 to >22.0 pts

Excellent
The response accurately and concisely explains the risk assessment you would use to inform your treatment decision making. A concise and accurate explanation of the risks and benefits of each pharmacological intervention is provided.

22 to >19.0 pts

Good
The response accurately explains the risk assessment you would use to inform your treatment decision making. An adequate explanation of the risks and benefits of each pharmacological intervention is provided.

19 to >17.0 pts

Fair
The response somewhat vaguely or inaccurately explains the risk assessment you would use to inform your treatment decision making. The explanation of the risks and benefits of each pharmacological intervention is somewhat vague or inaccurate.

17 to >0 pts

Poor
The response vaguely or inaccurately explains the risk assessment you would use to inform your treatment decision making. The risks and benefits of each pharmacological intervention is vague or inaccurate. Or, the response is missing.
25 pts
• Explain whether clinical practice guidelines exist for this disorder and, if so, use them to justify your recommendations. If not, explain what information you would need to take into consideration.

25 to >22.0 pts

Excellent
The response accurately and concisely uses either clinical guidelines (if available) or other information from the literature to justify intervention recommendations.

22 to >19.0 pts

Good
The response accurately uses either clinical guidelines (if available) or other information from the literature to justify intervention recommendations.

19 to >17.0 pts

Fair
The response somewhat vaguely or inaccurately uses either clinical guidelines (if available) or other information from the literature to justify intervention recommendations.

17 to >0 pts

Poor
The response vaguely or inaccurately uses either clinical guidelines (if available) or other information from the literature to justify intervention recommendations. Or, the response is missing.
25 pts
• Support your reasoning with at least three scholarly resources, one each on the FDA-approved drug, the off-label, and a non-medication intervention for the disorder. Be sure they are current (no more than 5 years old). Attach the PDFs of your sources.

10 to >8.0 pts

Excellent
The response provides at least three current, evidence-based resources from the literature to support the intervention recommendations. The resources reflect the latest clinical guidelines and provide strong justification for decision making.

8 to >7.0 pts

Good
The response provides at least three current, evidence-based resources from the literature to support the intervention recommendations.

7 to >6.0 pts

Fair
Three evidence-based resources are provided to support the intervention recommendations, but they may only provide vague or weak justification.

6 to >0 pts

Poor
Two or fewer resources are provided to support the intervention recommendations. The resources may not be current or evidence based.
10 pts
Written Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization: Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction are provided that delineate all required criteria.

5 to >4.0 pts

Excellent
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion are provided that delineate all required criteria.

4 to >3.5 pts

Good
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time. Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment are stated, yet are brief and not descriptive.

3.5 to >3.0 pts

Fair
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%–79% of the time. Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment are vague or off topic.

3 to >0 pts

Poor
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity <60% of the time. No purpose statement, introduction, or conclusion were provided.
5 pts
Written Expression and Formatting – English Writing Standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation

5 to >4.0 pts

Excellent
Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors

4 to >3.5 pts

Good
Contains one or two grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors

3.5 to >3.0 pts

Fair
Contains several (three or four) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors

3 to >0 pts

Poor
Contains many (five or more) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding
5 pts
Written Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, parenthetical/narrative in-text citations, and reference list.

5 to >4.0 pts

Excellent
Uses correct APA format with no errors

4 to >3.5 pts

Good
Contains one or two APA format errors

3.5 to >3.0 pts

Fair
Contains several (three or four) APA format errors

3 to >0 pts

Poor
Contains many (five or more) APA format errors
5 pts
Total Points: 100

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