NR 599 Week 5 Discussion: Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs)

Chamberlain University NR 599 Week 5 Discussion: Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs)-Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Chamberlain University NR 599 Week 5 Discussion: Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for NR 599 Week 5 Discussion: Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs)                     

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Chamberlain University NR 599 Week 5 Discussion: Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for NR 599 Week 5 Discussion: Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs)                     

The introduction for the Chamberlain University NR 599 Week 5 Discussion: Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for NR 599 Week 5 Discussion: Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs)                     

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NR 599 Week 5 Discussion: Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for NR 599 Week 5 Discussion: Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs)                     

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for NR 599 Week 5 Discussion: Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs)                     

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for NR 599 Week 5 Discussion: Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) Included After Question

Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) Benefits and Drawbacks

Pro	Rationale	Con	Rationale
Drug interactions and allergies are alerted to providers	As many as 65% of hospital patients have been exposed to harmful drug-drug interactions (Sutton et al., 2020).   Having an alert to notify the provider of the harmful consequences of ordering a medication can prevent poor patient outcomes.	Too many alerts can cause alarm fatigue	Alarm fatigue can be experienced from too many unimportant alarms, which causes the provider to disregard the important alarms (Sutton et al., 2020).  When a provider is constantly interrupted by alarms or alerts, it is possible that they can disregard the ones that are actually important.  This can lead to harmful consequences to the patient.
Providers can be alerted when a patient has not followed medical management or are in need of a follow-up (Sutton et al., 2020).	Being alerted of a patient needing a follow-up can help to keep the patient on track with their medical treatment plan.  Patients that are noncompliant will then be reminded that they need to follow-up to stay on course with their treatment plan. This can help the quality of patient care.	Providers can place too much trust in the accurateness of the CDSSs (Sutton et al., 2020).	Providers need to keep their autonomy when prescribing (Sutton et al., 2020).  A provider cannot rely on the CDSSs to make decisions for them.  Ultimately it is still up to the provider to place the correct orders.
CDSSs can be more cost-effective for the patient and hospital system (Sutton et al., 2020).	Cheaper medication alternatives may be suggested and less duplicate blood draws and additional tests (Sutton et al., 2020).  An alert can be triggered if a patient already has the same test ordered or if the lab test can be added to blood that is already in the lab.	Some providers may experience usability barriers (Blanes-Selva et al., 2023).	Providers may have difficulty navigating the software as well as disruptions in their usual routine (Blanes-Selva et al., 2023).  The disruption in workflow can cause certain tasks to take longer and break the face-to-face connection with the patient (Sutton et al., 2020). Not all providers are used to using CDSSs, so it may take time or more training to assist them with adjusting to updates in software.

References

Blanes-Selva, V., Asensio-Cuesta, S., Doñate-Martínez, A., Pereira Mesquita, F., & García-Gómez, J. M. (2023). User-centred design of a clinical decision support system for palliative care: Insights from healthcare professionals. Digital health, 9, 20552076221150735. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076221150735

Sutton, Pincock, D., Baumgart, D. C., Sadowski, D. C., Fedorak, R. N., & Kroeker, K. I. (2020). An overview of clinical decision support systems: benefits, risks, and strategies for success. NPJ Digital Medicine, 3(1), 17–17. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-020-0221-y

A Sample Answer 2 For the Assignment: NR 599 Week 5 Discussion: Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs)

Title: NR 599 Week 5 Discussion: Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs)

The APN is assessing a patient in a hospital.  It is determined based on the symptoms that the patient may be experiencing a stroke. The APN proceeds to place orders to work the patient up for a stroke.  The APN uses an order set for stroke protocol.  After signing the orders, an alert pops up.  The APN was notified that the patient has a shellfish allergy and it is contraindicated to have an MRI of the head with contrast.  The APN then changes the order to be an MRI of the head without contrast.  Another alert pops up to notify the APN that a CT of the head was completed on admission and it is a duplicate order.  The order for the CT of the head is then removed.  The APN signed the order set. The APN added an additional order to check the patient’s potassium level because it was 3.2 in the emergency room. The potassium level was not checked after receiving a replacement dose four hours ago.  The APN receives an alert that asks if the lab test should be added to the blood specimen in the lab.  The APN continued to order the potassium level and requested for a new lab to be drawn as it was a recheck from earlier.  By the time the APN finished the order set, she started to experience alarm fatigue.  Although multiple alerts notified her of contraindications in her orders, she knew that each notification needed to be taken seriously as it can harm the patient otherwise.  The patient was then taken for their tests to proceed with the stroke workup. 

Potential Benefits and Drawbacks to Clinical Decision Support Systems

Pros	Cons
Improves healthcare providers’ decision-making processes in complex patient cases.The CDSS enhances healthcare delivery by facilitating clinical decision-making with targeted clinical knowledge, patient data, and other health information (Muhiyaddin et al., 2020).	The CDSS is seen as a threat by primary care providers to their clinical autonomy.Clinicians are the users of the CDSS.Some perceive that the purpose of the system is to limit their autonomy, which leads to reluctance to use the CDSS or use it inappropriately (Muhiyaddin et al., 2020).
Improves delivery of evidenced-based care by healthcare providers.The CDSS analyzes data within electronic health records (EHRs) and gives prompts and reminders to help health providers implement evidence-based clinical guidelines during patient care (Sutton et al., 2020).	The CDSS can be very costly to adopt, maintain, and support.The CDSS requires high costs for technical maintenance of systems applications and databases that power the CDSS and continuous staff training (Sutton et al., 2020).
Increases patient safety and reduces the rate of misdiagnosis.The CDSS has alerts that notify clinicians of potential adverse drug events that may occur with drugs prescribed to a patient, which reduces the incidences of adverse drug reactions (Muhiyaddin et al., 2020). It also has computerized clinical guidelines and diagnostic support that assist clinicians in making clinical diagnoses.	CDSS is associated with alert fatigue and inappropriate alerts.The CDSS often give inconsequential alerts that physicians tend to disagree with or distrust (Muhiyaddin et al., 2020). The inappropriate alerts are linked with alert fatigue for clinicians.

Clinical Patient and Scenario

An 8-year-old boy is brought to the ED with difficulties in breathing, wheezing, and a history of cough. The ED physician suspects the child has asthma and performs a spirometry test which reveals a forced expiratory volume (FEV1) of 70%. The physician administers the child Albuterol and then performs a spirometry test again, which improves to 85%. The FEV1 results are recorded in the CDSS-integrated EHR, which suggests that the patient has Asthma. In addition, the CDSS suggests the physician prescribe a Short-acting beta-agonist since it is the recommended evidence-based treatment for asthma for this patient. After one week, the patient returns to the ED with complaints of worsening dyspnea and wheezing despite using an Albuterol inhaler daily. The CDSS will suggest stepping up treatment to a low-dose inhaled corticosteroid such as Beclomethasone. Evidence-based guidelines suggest that if a Short-acting beta-agonist is used for more than two days per week except during exercise, it is considered inadequate control.

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References

Muhiyaddin, R., Abd-Alrazaq, A. A., Househ, M., Alam, T., & Shah, Z. (2020). The Impact of Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) on Physicians: A Scoping Review. Studies in health technology and informatics, pp. 272, 470–473. https://doi.org/10.3233/SHTI200597

Sutton, R. T., Pincock, D., Baumgart, D. C., Sadowski, D. C., Fedorak, R. N., & Kroeker, K. I. (2020). An overview of clinical decision support systems: benefits, risks, and strategies for success. NPJ digital medicine, 3(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-020-0221-y

A Sample Answer 3 For the Assignment: NR 599 Week 5 Discussion: Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs)

Title: NR 599 Week 5 Discussion: Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs)

     CDSS has created a significant impact on health care. For me, CDSS is a process that I’m used to. I have only been a nurse for less than a decade. Most of my charting has been based on CDSS in this era. This charting system has prevented me personally from making medication errors. I see that in the ER, some nurses get used to the same medications prescribed in the ER and don’t scan medication to try to reduce timing. However, I have seen big medication errors due to a lack of scanning and nurses hurrying. As a future nurse practitioner, I will utilize these resources to prevent given that patients may be allergic to it. “E-prescribing systems with support for clinical decision-making have the potential to decrease errors and improve clinical practice” (Taheri Moghadam et al., 2021). As a future APN, I may not scan medication as much as a nurse, but prescribing will be a big part of my profession. I want to provide the best safe care for my patients.

References 

Taheri Moghadam, S., Sadoughi, F., Velayati, F., Ehsanzadeh, S. J., & Poursharif, S. (2021). The effects of clinical decision support system for prescribing medication on patient outcomes and physician practice performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-020-01376-8

Preparing the Assignment

Post a written response in the discussion forum to EACH threaded discussion topic:


	This week we learned about the potential benefits and drawbacks to clinical decision support systems (CDSSs). Create a “Pros” versus “Cons” table with a column for “Pro” and a separate column for “Con”. Include at least 3 items for each column. Next to each item, provide a brief rationale as to why you included it on the respective list.
	The primary goal of a CDSS is to leverage data and the scientific evidence to help guide appropriate decision making. CDSSs directly assist the clinician in making decisions about specific patients. For this discussion thread post, you are to assume your future role as an APN and create a clinical patient and scenario to illustrate an exemplary depiction of how a CDSS might influence your decision. This post is an opportunity for you to be innovative, so have fun! 


Adhere to the following guidelines regarding quality for the threaded discussions in Canvas:


	Application of Course Knowledge: Demonstrate the ability to analyze, synthesize, and/or apply principles and concepts learned in the course lesson and outside readings.
	Scholarliness and Scholarly Sources: Demonstrates achievement of scholarly inquiry for professional and academic decisions using valid, relevant, and reliable outside scholarly source to contribute to the discussion thread. 
	Writing Mechanics: Grammar, spelling, syntax, and punctuation are accurate. In-text and reference citations should be formatted using correct APA guidelines.
	Direct Quotes: Good writing calls for the limited use of direct quotes. Direct quotes in discussions are to be limited to one short quotation (not to exceed 15 words). The quote must add substantively to the discussion. Points will be deducted under the grammar, syntax, APA category. 


For each threaded discussion per week, the student will select no less than TWO scholarly sources to support the initial discussion post.