NR 505 Week 5: Research Summary Assignment

Chamberlain University NR 505 Week 5: Research Summary Assignment-Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Chamberlain University NR 505 Week 5: Research Summary Assignment  assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for NR 505 Week 5: Research Summary Assignment                  

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Chamberlain University NR 505 Week 5: Research Summary Assignment  depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for NR 505 Week 5: Research Summary Assignment                  

The introduction for the Chamberlain University NR 505 Week 5: Research Summary Assignment is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for NR 505 Week 5: Research Summary Assignment                  

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NR 505 Week 5: Research Summary Assignment  assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for NR 505 Week 5: Research Summary Assignment                  

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for NR 505 Week 5: Research Summary Assignment                  

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

Stuck? Let Us Help You

Completing assignments can sometimes be overwhelming, especially with the multitude of academic and personal responsibilities you may have. If you find yourself stuck or unsure at any point in the process, don’t hesitate to reach out for professional assistance. Our assignment writing services are designed to help you achieve your academic goals with ease. 

Our team of experienced writers is well-versed in academic writing and familiar with the specific requirements of the NR 505 Week 5: Research Summary Assignment assignment. We can provide you with personalized support, ensuring your assignment is well-researched, properly formatted, and thoroughly edited. Get a feel of the quality we guarantee – ORDER NOW. 

Sample Answer for NR 505 Week 5: Research Summary Assignment Included After Question

WEEK 5 RESEARCH SUMMARY ASSIGNMENT

PICOT QUESTION (sentence format): In children 4-12 years with ADHD (P), does incorporating cognitive training (I) compared to medication therapy alone (C) reduce ADHD symptoms by 50% (O) within 12 months (T)?

QUANTITATIVE STUDIES (use these headers for EACH quantitative study):

1. Moore, A. L., Miller, T. M., Moore, J. J., & Ledbetter, C. (2023). A Real-World Data Study on the Impact of the ReadRx Cognitive Training and Reading Intervention on Cognition, Basic Reading Ability, and Psychosocial Skills for 3527 Children. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 1195-1220.

Author- Moore et al.

Year- 2023

Problem related to PICOT: Cognitive, reading, and behavioral difficulties among children with ADHD.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of a multi-component cognitive and reading measure on skills on cognition and reading.

Sample/Population:  3527 children who were struggling readers. 

Data Collection Method: Data was obtained from a large real-world dataset.

Major Findings/Conclusions: The results showed significant changes on cognitive and reading skills measures and overall IQ score.

Contribution to Review of the Literature: The research offers insights into an alternative teaching approach that can be utilized to enhance cognitive abilities and reading skills among children diagnosed with ADHD.

2. Moore, A. L., Carpenter, D. M., Miller, T. M., & Ledbetter, C. (2019). Comparing two methods of delivering ThinkRx cognitive training to children ages 8–14: a randomized controlled trial of equivalency. Journal of Cognitive Enhancement, 3, 261-270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-018-0094-z

Author– Moore et al.

Year– 2019

Problem related to PICOT: Challenges in the educational process for individuals with ADHD.

Purpose: The study sought to compare the impact in cognitive outcomes of two delivery models used in one cognitive training program, (ThinkRx) for children 8–14 years.  In the first model, cognitive training was provided by a cognitive trainer, while in the second model, it was provided via a cognitive trainer and digital training.

Sample/Population: 39 participants between the ages 8-14 years.

Data Collection Method: Data was obtained via a test (The Woodcock Johnson III Tests of Cognitive Abilities).

Major Findings/Conclusions: There were no substantial differences between the two models in terms of cognitions. Differences were noted in long-term memory.  The group with only a cognitive trainer had better long-term memory than in the mixed delivery group. 

Contribution to Review of the Literature: The study concludes that cognitive training administered by a cognitive instructor and digital training yield comparable results for individuals diagnosed with ADHD.

3. Minder, F., Zuberer, A., Brandeis, D., & Drechsler, R. (2018). Informant-related effects of neurofeedback and cognitive training in children with ADHD including a waiting control phase: a randomized-controlled trial. European child & adolescent psychiatry, 27(8), 1055–1066. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-018-1116-1

Author– Minder et al.

Title– Informant-related effects of neurofeedback and cognitive training in children with ADHD including a waiting control phase: a randomized-controlled trial

Year–  2018

Problem related to PICOT: The effectiveness of neurofeedback and computer-based cognitive training in addressing ADHD.

Purpose: To investigate the influence of different informants by adjusting their involvement, managing waiting periods, and introducing a blinded outcome intervention.

Sample/Population: 77 ADHD children.

Data Collection Method: The researchers conducted three assessments: At baseline,  before the training, and after training.

Major Findings/Conclusions: Both treatments led to marked improvements and more effects for parents.

Contribution to Review of the Literature:  The article adds that both parents and teachers are relevant sources of information with regard to ADHD in children and should be involved in evaluating ADHD treatment outcomes.

4. Capodieci, A., Gola, M. L., Cornoldi, C., & Re, A. M. (2018). Effects of a working memory training program in preschoolers with symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology, 40(1), 17–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2017.1307946

Author– Capodieci et al.

Year– 2018

Problem related to PICOT: Alteration in neuropsychological components of working memory in ADHD children.

Purpose: To assess the effects of a program designed to enhance working memory skills in 5-year-old displaying ADHD characteristics.

Sample/Population: A group of 34 children exhibiting traits commonly associated with ADHD.

Data Collection Method: The IPDDA was used to collect data from teachers and the IPDDAG from parents.

Major Findings/Conclusions: Children in the experimental group demonstrated a marked improvement in tasks related to working memory and other controlled processes at the end of the study, while the control group showed no improvements.

Contribution to Review of the Literature: The research demonstrates that implementing early interventions aimed at enhancing working memory can be successful in mitigating ADHD symptoms in children.

5. Hahn-Markowitz, J., Berger, I., Manor, I., & Maeir, A. (2020). Efficacy of Cognitive-Functional (Cog-Fun) Occupational Therapy Intervention Among Children With ADHD: An RCT. Journal of attention disorders, 24(5), 655–666. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054716666955

Author– Hahn-Markowitz et al.

Year– 2020

Problem related to PICOT: Executive functioning in ADHD patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of the Cognitive-Functional (Cog-Fun) intervention for ADHD on various aspects, including ADHD symptoms, Executive Functioning, and overall quality of life.

Sample/Population: 107 children with ADHD.

Data Collection Method: Data was collected using rating scales including BRIEF (for executive functioning), Conners’ Rating Scales–Revised (ADHD symptoms), and The Pediatric Quality of Life 4.0 (quality of life).

Major Findings/Conclusions: The results indicated that the Cognitive-Functional (Cog-Fun) intervention in occupational therapy (OT) has beneficial effects on improving executive function, quality of life (QoL), and reducing symptoms in children with ADHD.

Contribution to Review of the Literature: The article provides evidence that Cognitive-Functional (Cog-Fun) occupational therapy (OT) can lead to favorable context-specific improvements in parent assessments.

6. Wiest, G. M., Rosales, K. P., Looney, L., Wong, E. H., & Wiest, D. J. (2022). Utilizing Cognitive Training to Improve Working Memory, Attention, and Impulsivity in School-Aged Children with ADHD and SLD. Brain sciences, 12(2), 141. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12020141

Author– Wiest et al.

Year– 2022

Problem related to PICOT: In children with ADHD, deficient working memory (WM) can result in issues related to inattention and disorganization.

Purpose: To assess the effects of cognitive training on students who have been diagnosed with both specific learning disorder (SLD) and ADHD.

Sample/Population: 43 school-aged children

Data Collection Method: The researchers conducted pre and post-tests on WM, attention, and inhibition and the scores were employed to assess the impact of cognitive training.

Major Findings/Conclusions: Marked improvements in attention and working memory after cognitive training.

Contribution to Review of the Literature: The article shows promising evidence on the impact of computer-based programs in promoting cognitive abilities that improve academic performance.

QUALITATIVE STUDIES (use these headers for EACH qualitative study):

1. Siebelink, N. M., Kaijadoe, S. P., van Horssen, F. M., Holtland, J. N., Bögels, S. M., Buitelaar, J. K., … & Greven, C. U. (2021). Mindfulness for children with ADHD and mindful parenting (MindChamp): A qualitative study on feasibility and effects. Journal of attention disorders, 25(13), 1931-1942. DOI: 10.1177/108705472094502

Author/Title/Year (APA format): Siebelink et al.

Year-2021 

Problem related to PICOT: Factors that facilitate and hinder participation in a family mindfulness-based measure.

Purpose: To investigate the elements that encourage or hinder participation in a family-oriented mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) for youngsters with ADHD and their parents. Additionally, to gauge the perceived effects of the MBI on both children and parents.

Sample/Population: 20 parents and 17 children from 19 families and 3 mindfulness teachers

Data Collection Method: Individual semi-structured interviews

Key Findings/Themes: The perceived effects of group-based MBI were heterogeneous. Participants exhibited improved insight, regulation of emotions, acceptance, cognitive functioning, calmness, relational changes, and generalization.

Contribution to Review of the Literature: The study establishes that Group-based MBI can contribute to various transferable positively perceived effects in addition to alleviating child ADHD-symptoms.

MIXED METHODS STUDIES (use these headers for EACH mixed methods study):

1. Moore, A. L., Carpenter, D. M., 2nd, Miller, T. M., & Ledbetter, C. (2018). Clinician-delivered cognitive training for children with attention problems: effects on cognition and behavior from the ThinkRx randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 14, 1671–1683. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S165418

Author/Title/Year (APA format): Moore et al.

Year-2018

Problem related to PICOT: Cognitive impact of cognitive training programs.

Purpose: The study assessed the effect of a cognitive training program delivered by a clinician on cognition.

Sample: 13 students with attention difficulties.

Data Collection Method: The Woodcock–Johnson III – Tests of Cognitive Abilities (Quantitative data); Semi structured interviews (Qualitative data).

Key Findings/Themes/Conclusions: Quantitative data revealed significant differences in memory and cognition in the experimental group than the control group. Parents noted significant improvements in their children’s self-assurance, cooperation, and self-control.

Contribution to Review of the Literature: Cognitive training proves advantageous in addressing ADHD by enhancing memory, auditory processing, logical and analytical reasoning, and overall IQ.

META-ANALYSIS STUDIES (use these headers for EACH meta-analysis study):

1. Veloso, A., Vicente, S. G., & Filipe, M. G. (2020). Effectiveness of Cognitive Training for School-Aged Children and Adolescents With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 2983. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02983

Author/Title/Year (APA format):

Author– Veloso et al.

Title– Effectiveness of Cognitive Training for School-Aged Children and Adolescents With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Year– 2020

Problem related to PICOT: Challenges related to executive function (EF) in children diagnosed with ADHD.

Purpose: To investigate the influence of cognitive training on executive function, the reduction of ADHD symptoms, and the improvement of social, academic, and occupational results in children and teenagers with ADHD.

Search selection method: A systematic search was carried out using a PICO framework. Researchers utilized EBSCOhost to search research databases between 2008 and 2018.

Meta-Analysis Model: PRISMA

Consistency/Variation of Studies: Out of the 18 studies that provided performance-based evaluations of executive function (EF), 13 indicated enhancements, while 5 did not show such improvements.

Summary of Findings: Cognitive training is a beneficial approach for children with ADHD and can serve as a supplementary intervention for this condition.

2. Chen, S., Yu, J., Zhang, Q., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., & Wang, J. (2022). Which Factor Is More Relevant to the Effectiveness of the Cognitive Intervention? A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials of Cognitive Training on Symptoms and Executive Function Behaviors of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 810298. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.810298

Author/Title/Year (APA format):

            Author– Chen et al.

            Title– Which Factor Is More Relevant to the Effectiveness of the Cognitive Intervention? A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials of Cognitive Training on Symptoms and Executive Function Behaviors of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

            Year– 2022

Problem related to PICOT: Executive function behaviors in ADHD.

Purpose: To assess the influence of cognitive intervention on the symptoms of ADHD and the executive function in children diagnosed with ADHD.

Search selection method: The researchers conducted a comprehensive search across different databases and selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving children with ADHD who received cognitive intervention.

Meta-Analysis Model: STATE conducted univariate meta regression and metanalysis.

Consistency/Variation of Studies: The test of published bias did not reach the p < 0.05 level.

Summary of Findings: The cognitive intervention resulted in enhancements in both symptomatology and executive function behaviors.

References

Capodieci, A., Gola, M. L., Cornoldi, C., & Re, A. M. (2018). Effects of a working memory training program in preschoolers with symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology, 40(1), 17–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2017.1307946

Chen, S., Yu, J., Zhang, Q., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., & Wang, J. (2022). Which Factor Is More Relevant to the Effectiveness of the Cognitive Intervention? A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials of Cognitive Training on Symptoms and Executive Function Behaviors of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 810298. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.810298

Hahn-Markowitz, J., Berger, I., Manor, I., & Maeir, A. (2020). Efficacy of Cognitive-Functional (Cog-Fun) Occupational Therapy Intervention Among Children With ADHD: An RCT. Journal of attention disorders, 24(5), 655–666. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054716666955

Minder, F., Zuberer, A., Brandeis, D., & Drechsler, R. (2018). Informant-related effects of neurofeedback and cognitive training in children with ADHD including a waiting control phase: a randomized-controlled trial. European child & adolescent psychiatry, 27(8), 1055–1066. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-018-1116-1

Moore, A. L., Carpenter, D. M., 2nd, Miller, T. M., & Ledbetter, C. (2018). Clinician-delivered cognitive training for children with attention problems: effects on cognition and behavior from the ThinkRx randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 14, 1671–1683. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S165418

Moore, A. L., Carpenter, D. M., Miller, T. M., & Ledbetter, C. (2019). Comparing two methods of delivering ThinkRx cognitive training to children ages 8–14: a randomized controlled trial of equivalency. Journal of Cognitive Enhancement, 3, 261-270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-018-0094-z

Moore, A. L., Miller, T. M., Moore, J. J., & Ledbetter, C. (2023). A Real-World Data Study on the Impact of the ReadRx Cognitive Training and Reading Intervention on Cognition, Basic Reading Ability, and Psychosocial Skills for 3527 Children. Psychology research and behavior management, 16, 1195–1220. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S397665

Siebelink, N. M., Kaijadoe, S. P., van Horssen, F. M., Holtland, J. N., Bögels, S. M., Buitelaar, J. K., … & Greven, C. U. (2021). Mindfulness for children with ADHD and mindful parenting (MindChamp): A qualitative study on feasibility and effects. Journal of attention disorders, 25(13), 1931-1942. DOI: 10.1177/108705472094502

Veloso, A., Vicente, S. G., & Filipe, M. G. (2020). Effectiveness of Cognitive Training for School-Aged Children and Adolescents With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 2983. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02983

Wiest, G. M., Rosales, K. P., Looney, L., Wong, E. H., & Wiest, D. J. (2022). Utilizing Cognitive Training to Improve Working Memory, Attention, and Impulsivity in School-Aged Children with ADHD and SLD. Brain sciences, 12(2), 141. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12020141

Purpose

This assignment provides the opportunity for the student to find and appraise resources related to the PICOT question from Week 2. The focus of this assignment is to evaluate pertinent literature that supports the practice change intervention.

Note: You are to locate original studies with research conducted and published by the primary investigator. You may also use quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods studies, meta-analyses or Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs).

Course Outcomes

This assignment enables the student to meet the following course outcomes:

CO1: Integrate evidence-based and research to support advancement of holistic nursing care in diverse healthcare settings. (PO 1,4)

CO2: Integrate knowledge related to evidence-based practice and person-centered care to improve health outcome. (PO 1, 2)

CO4: Develop knowledge related to research and evidence-based practice as a basis for designing and critiquing research studies. (PO 1, 5)

CO5: Analyze research findings and evidence-based practice to advance holistic care initiatives that promote positive healthcare outcomes. (PO 1, 2, 5)

Due Date

Sunday 11:59 PM MT at the end of Week 5

Total Points Possible

This assignment is worth 200 points.

Requirements

Find and review ten (10) scholarly, peer-reviewed research articles, meta-analyses, or CPGs in support of the practice change intervention. Complete the appropriate section in the worksheet for each article.

1. State the PICOT question
2. For each article, supply the information for each of the seven headings for the appropriate article type.

Preparing the Assignment:

1. Use the designated Research Summary Table Worksheet Links to an external site.to supply the required information.
2. All scholarly, peer-reviewed research articles must be current within a 5-year time frame unless a valid rationale is provided, and the instructor has approved the use of an older reference.
3. Use APA 7^th edition formatting for references.

Directions and Assignment Criteria

Assignment Criteria	Points	%	Description
PICOT question	20	10%	PICOT question provided in sentence format
Articles 1-10	15/article150 total	7.5% / article75% total	For each article:Scholarly article: US based peer reviewed journal focused for cliniciansPublication date is current within 5 yearsCorrectly categorizes article typeCompletes all seven areas of article analysisExplains relevance to PICOT question and implications for advanced nursing practice
APA	20	10%	Use of worksheet templateCorrect APA 7th edition format for the following:Font style and sizeCiting and referencing sourcesMechanics of style (abbreviations, capitalization, italics, numbers)
Graduate-level writing style	10	5%	Correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation, and sentence structureClarity, organization, and logical flow of ideas within writingSynthesis of information is present with no direct quotesCorrect APA 7th edition format for the following: Font style and sizeCiting and referencing sourcesMechanics of style (abbreviations, capitalization, italics, numbers)Use of template
Total	200	100 %

A Sample Answer For the Assignment: NR 505 Week 5: Research Summary Assignment

Title: NR 505 Week 5: Research Summary Assignment

Copy and paste the tables as needed to classify your ten articles correctly.

PICOT Statement

In adults (ages 18-65 years) who are overweight or obese, what is the effect of implementing a structured weight loss program, including dietary changes and physical activity, with a focus on health promotion in comparison to no weight loss interventions on long-term weight loss maintenance at 3, 6, and 12 months and improvements in overall health indicators?

QUANTITATIVE STUDIES
Full reference for article (APA 7th Ed.Format)	Brooker, P. G., Gomersall, S. R., King, N. A., & Leveritt, M. D. (2023). The efficacy of morning versus evening exercise for weight loss: A randomized controlled trial. Obesity, 31(1), 83–95. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23605
DOI of article/ article link	https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23605
Problem-related to PICOT	The study investigated the effectiveness of physical activity on weight loss. The researchers used obese or overweight individuals to determine the effect of physical activity on cardiometabolic health, weight loss, and components of energy balance. The project findings inform the PICOT question since it increases understanding of the role of exercise on weight loss.
Methods	The study was a three-arm randomized controlled trial. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups, which included morning exercise, evening exercise, and waitlist control groups. The participants must have met the inclusion criteria, which entailed being insufficiently active, obese or overweight, and having stale weight over the last three months.
Sample and Participants	The sample in this study was 100 inactive adults with obesity or overweight.
Major Findings/Conclusions	Morning and evening exercises were associated with significant weight loss as compared to those on the waitlist. Cardiorespiratory fitness increased in both the intervention groups and not the control group. Total energy intake also reduced significantly in the morning and evening groups and not in the control group.
Relevance to Practice Issue or Proposed Intervention	The study is relevant to the practice issue. It shows that physical activity promotes modest weight loss among overweight and obese individuals. The benefits can be optimized when other interventions such as dietary modification and counseling are incorporated into the treatment plan.

QUALITATIVE STUDIES
Full reference for article (APA 7th Ed.Format)	Ingels, J. S., Hansell, A., & Zizzi, S. (2018). Beyond weight loss: A qualitative exploration of participant expectations and strategies for measuring progress during a weight management program. SAGE Open Medicine, 6, 2050312118807618. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312118807618
DOI of article/ article link	https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312118807618
Purpose and Type of Research	The purpose of this study was to explore participant expectations and strategies for measuring progress during a community-based weight management program. The research was a qualitative study.
Sample	The sample comprised 22 participants with obese or overweight and enrolled in a 2-year weight management program.
Data Collection Method	Interviews over the phone were conducted with the participants following a semi-structured format. The interviews were audio recorded. The interviews focused on participant experiences with the weight loss program.
Study Findings	The study revealed that participant expectations included improved health, mood, and fitness, gaining support, and developing new habits. Participants measured their success based on weight loss and changes in their body, mood, improved health, creation of new habits, and additional support.
Key Findings/Themes	Participants have positive expectations with their participation in weight loss management programs.
Relevance to Practice Issue or Proposed Intervention	The study is relevant to the practice issue. It informs the objectives that must be met when implementing a weight loss program for obesity and overweight. It also provides accurate measures for evaluating the success of change interventions aiming at weight management.

QUANTITATIVE STUDIES
Full reference for article (APA 7th Ed.Format)	Cleo, G., Glasziou, P., Beller, E., Isenring, E., & Thomas, R. (2019). Habit-based interventions for weight loss maintenance in adults with overweight and obesity: A randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Obesity, 43(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-018-0067-4
DOI of article/ article link	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-018-0067-4
Problem-related to PICOT	The researchers investigated the effectiveness of different interventions for obesity and overweight. The researchers examined the effectiveness of two habit-based loss interventions, which included Ten Top Tips and Do Something Different for weight loss. The duration of the investigation was twelve months. The interventions in the habit-based strategies included physical activity, counseling, and dietary modifications, hence, the relevance of the study to the project.
Methods	Participants in the study must have met the stated criteria, which included being obese or overweight, living around the study site, and could access an email, and being free from limiting comorbidities. The participants were randomly assigned to either Top Ten Things, Doing Something, or control groups.
Sample and Participants	The participants comprised obese and overweight individuals without limiting comorbidities. The study used 130 participants who met the inclusion criteria.
Major Findings/Conclusions	The study found that participants in the Do Something Different and Ten Top Tips had significant weight loss as compared to those in the waitlist control. The intervention groups continued to lose further weight to the 12-month follow-up. At 12 months post-intervention, 65% of the participants in the intervention groups had lost their total body weight by at least 5%, which was considered a clinically important change.
Relevance to Practice Issue or Proposed Intervention	The study is relevant to the proposed project. It shows that incorporating dietary modifications, physical activity, and health promotion into weight loss initiatives can be habits for weight loss. They are also effective and sustainable.

QUANTITATIVE STUDIES
Full reference for article (APA 7th Ed.Format)	Hakim, A., Bagheri, R., & Ahmadi Angali, K. (2022). The effect of diet counseling and physical activity on the components of metabolic syndrome in children: A Randomized Clinical Trial. SAGE Open Medicine, 10, 20503121221100336. https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121221100335
DOI of article/ article link	https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121221100335
Problem-related to PICOT	The authors investigated the effect of physical activities and dietary counseling on metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome refers to metabolic abnormalities that predispose patients to diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Patients with obesity and overweight have a risk of these health problems, hence, the alignment of the article with the PICOT.
Methods	The study was a randomized controlled trial where participants were divided into three groups that include intervention group and a control group. The participants in the three groups received dietary counseling, physical activity counseling, and diet and physical activity counseling group. Interviews were used for data collection.
Sample and Participants	The participants comprised individuals with metabolic syndrome. The sample comprised 60 children with metabolic syndrome who met the inclusion criteria.
Major Findings/Conclusions	The participants in the intervention groups had statistically significant improvements in abdominal obesity, fasting blood sugar, hypertension, high-density lipoproteins, and triglycerides as compared to those in the control group. Diet, physical activity, and counseling are effective in facilitating weight loss among individuals with and at risk of metabolic syndrome.
Relevance to Practice Issue or Proposed Intervention	The article is relevant to the practice issue of overweight and obesity. It shows that counseling, dietary modifications, and physical activity reduce weight among obese and overweight individuals. They also lower metabolic syndrome risks.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES
Full reference for article (APA 7th Ed.Format)	Höchsmann, C., Dorling, J. L., Martin, C. K., Earnest, C. P., & Church, T. S. (2022). Association between weight loss, change in physical activity, and change in quality of life following a corporately sponsored, online weight loss program. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 451. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12835-4
DOI of article/ article link	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12835-4
Problem-related to PICOT	This study investigates the effect of an online weight loss program on quality of life. The interventions in the online weight loss program include physical activity and dietary modification. The focus on these interventions aligns with the PICOT of the proposed project.
Methods	The targeted individuals participated in an online behaviorally oriented commercial weight loss program for company employees in the USA. The program lasted for a year to determine its sustainability in improving weight among the participants. The interventions incorporated counseling strategies such as educating the participants about stress and emotions management.
Sample and Participants	The participants included company employees with a BMI of at least 25. The sample used in the study was 26658 participants.
Major Findings/Conclusions	A progressive increase in physical activity was associated with increasing weight loss and improvements in quality of life for the participants. The improvements in quality of life were in aspects that included energy, sleep, mood, self-confidence, indigestion, and musculoskeletal pain. The participants also demonstrated positive improvements in dietary choices.
Relevance to Practice Issue or Proposed Intervention	The study is relevant to the practice issue. It shows the significance of lifestyle modifications on weight loss and improved quality of life. The study also shows the potential for sustained improvements with weight loss interventions such as physical activity.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES
Full reference for article (APA 7th Ed.Format)	Ro, S., Lackey, A., Aymes, S., McCauley, J., Davis, T., Wang, R., Stanley, W., Ratner, S., Machineni, S., & Fiscus, L. (2023). Impact of a Community-Based Weight Management Program in a North Carolina Health Care System. Family Medicine, 55(3), 189–194. https://doi.org/10.22454/FamMed.2023.603918
DOI of article/ article link	https://doi.org/10.22454/FamMed.2023.603918
Problem-related to PICOT	The study focused on the effectiveness of different evidence-based strategies for reducing weight among obese individuals. The interventions included lifestyle counseling, dietary modification counseling, and education about the importance of physical exercises.
Methods	Physicians evaluated potential participants on areas that included sleep, physical activity, weight history, and metabolic data. Targeted lifestyle counseling, including nutrition counseling and emphasizing physical activity, were offered to the participants. Follow-up visits were offered to assess treatment adherence by the participants.
Sample and Participants	The participants were obese individuals visiting three facilities in North Carolina. The study utilized 550 participants.
Major Findings/Conclusions	Of the 550 participants, 209 had adequate program exposure, as evidenced by four or more completed visits. The participants received targeted lifestyle counseling and antiobesity medication. Patients who completed at least four sessions had an average total body weight loss of 5.7% as compared to 1.5% in those with only one visit. 53% of the participants achieved more than 5% weight loss and 20% achieved more than 10% weight loss.
Relevance to Practice Issue or Proposed Intervention	The article is relevant to the proposed intervention. It shows that professionally delivered lifestyle interventions are effective in weight loss among obese individuals. The study also shows that professional support and follow-up improve the sustainability of the project outcomes.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES
Full reference for article (APA 7th Ed.Format)	Salas-Salvadó, J., Díaz-López, A., Ruiz-Canela, M., Basora, J., Fitó, M., Corella, D., Serra-Majem, L., Wärnberg, J., Romaguera, D., & Estruch, R. (2019). Effect of a lifestyle intervention program with energy-restricted Mediterranean diet and exercise on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors: One-year results of the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Diabetes Care, 42(5), 777–788. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-0836
DOI of article/ article link	https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-0836
Problem-related to PICOT	The study investigated the effect of a lifestyle intervention program with an energy-restricted Mediterranean diet and exercise on cardiovascular risk factors and weight loss in obese and overweight individuals. The study focus aligns with the PICOT of the proposed project since it answers questions about the effectiveness of the proposed interventions on weight reduction and their sustainability.
Methods	Participants were randomized to an intensive weight loss lifestyle intervention based on an energy-restricted Mediterranean diet (erMedDiet), physical activity promotion, and behavioral support or a control group. The participants were included in the study if they did not have a documented history of cardiovascular diseases. Participants in the intervention group received behavioral support and erMedDiet and physical activity promotion while those in the control group received educational sessions on an ad libitum MedDiet.
Sample and Participants	The participants in this study were men aged 55-75 years and women aged 60-75 years old without a documented history of cardiovascular diseases.
Major Findings/Conclusions	Physical and dietary interventions were associated with significant improvements in the intervention group as compared to the control group. Participants in the intervention group lost an average of 3.2 kg vs. 0.7 kg in the control group after 12 months. Weight loss of at least 5% occurred in 33.7% of participants in the intervention group as compared to 11.9% in the control group. There were also significant improvements in cardiovascular risk factors such as fasting glucose, waist circumference, and high-density lipoproteins in the intervention group. Reductions in HbA1c and circulating levels of interleukin-18, leptin, and MCP-1 were higher in the intervention group than in the control group.
Relevance to Practice Issue or Proposed Intervention	The article is relevant to the proposed intervention. It shows the effectiveness of counseling, physical activity, and dietary modifications in weight loss and producing sustained improvements in body weight.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES
Full reference for article (APA 7th Ed.Format)	Yang, Q., Wang, K., Tian, Q., Zhang, J., Qi, L., & Chen, T. (2022). Effect of Diet and Exercise-Induced Weight Loss among Metabolically Healthy and Metabolically Unhealthy Obese Children and Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(10), 6120. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106120
DOI of article/ article link	https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106120
Problem-related to PICOT	The study relates to the PICOT of the project. It examines the effect of exercise and diet-induced weight loss among metabolically healthy and unhealthy individuals. The study seeks to determine if implementing diet and exercise-based lifestyle interventions would result in weight loss. This focus aligns with the project focus.
Methods	282 participants were enrolled in the study. The participants were educated on establishing healthy lifestyle habits based on the 5D Weight Loss Education System. Participants were excluded from the program if they had co-existing comorbidities such as renal, cardiac, or hepatic diseases personal.
Sample and Participants	The participants in this study were obese children and adolescents. The sample comprised 282 obese children and adolescents who met the inclusion criteria.
Major Findings/Conclusions	Exercise and dietary interventions were associated with significant benefits that included improved body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, body fat ratio, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, resting heart rate, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, and total cholesterol levels. High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels decreased in both groups after interventions.
Relevance to Practice Issue or Proposed Intervention	The article is relevant to the practice issue. It shows that diet and exercise interventions are beneficial to both metabolically healthy and unhealthy individuals. The benefits can be seen from the reduction in metabolic health indicators such as weight, body-fat ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and high-density lipoproteins-cholesterols.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES
Full reference for article (APA 7th Ed.Format)	Lundgren, J. R., Janus, C., Jensen, S. B. K., Juhl, C. R., Olsen, L. M., Christensen, R. M., Svane, M. S., Bandholm, T., Bojsen-Møller, K. N., Blond, M. B., Jensen, J.-E. B., Stallknecht, B. M., Holst, J. J., Madsbad, S., & Torekov, S. S. (2021). Healthy Weight Loss Maintenance with Exercise, Liraglutide, or Both Combined. New England Journal of Medicine, 384(18), 1719–1730. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2028198
DOI of article/ article link	https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2028198
Problem-related to PICOT	The problem related to PICOT in the study is investing the effect of dietary modification, and exercise on weight loss among obese individuals. The study also evaluates the sustainability of the interventions after one year, hence, relevance to the PICOT question.
Methods	The study was a randomized, head-to-head, placebo-controlled trial. Participants were required to follow a low-calorie diet of 800 kcal per day. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1:1 ratio to either exercise plus placebo, liraglutide plus usual activity, or placebo plus usual activity for one year.
Sample and Participants	Eligible participants for the study were adults aged 18-65 years old with obesity. The study used 195 participants who met the inclusion criteria.
Major Findings/Conclusions	There was a mean decrease in body weight of 13.1 kg in all the participants after 8 weeks. At 1 year, all the active treatment strategies were associated with greater weight loss than placebo. the combination strategy was associated with greater weight loss than exercise and not liraglutide. The combination strategy also decreased body fat by 3.9 percent, which was about twice the decrease seen in the exercise group and the liraglutide group. Combination therapy also improved insulin sensitivity, glycated hemoglobin, and cardiorespiratory fitness.
Relevance to Practice Issue or Proposed Intervention	The study is relevant to the practice issue because it shows the effectiveness of physical activity and dietary modifications on weight loss. The study also shows the significance of combining the interventions to achieve optimum outcomes in weight reduction.

META-ANALYSIS STUDIES
Full reference for article (APA 7th Ed.Format)	Min, J., Kim, S.-Y., Shin, I.-S., Park, Y.-B., & Lim, Y.-W. (2021). The Effect of Meal Replacement on Weight Loss According to Calorie-Restriction Type and Proportion of Energy Intake: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 121(8), 1551-1564.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2021.05.001
DOI of article/ article link	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2021.05.001
Purpose of Research Article	The study assessed the effects of weight reduction interventions and meal replacement plans compared with food-based diets on weight loss, according to calorie restriction types and energy intake proportions from meal replacement.
Search Selection Method	Electronic databases that include PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Research Information Sharing Service, and Embase were used to obtain the required articles. The inclusion criteria were studies that used individuals aged 18-65 years old, studies on calorie-restricted diets, and weight loss interventions.
Meta-Analysis Model	Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Guidelines
Consistency/Variation of Studies	Five studies used adequate randomization processes while seven studies had a low risk for missing outcome data.
Summary of Findings	22 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The results revealed that the effect size of meal replacement and weight management interventions was higher than low-energy diets for weight loss. Diets with at least 60% of total daily energy intake from meal replacement were associated with medium effect size, which implies that meal replacement has a high impact on weight loss among obese and overweight individuals. The authors conclude that incorporating meal replacement into conventional weight loss strategies such as physical activity could result in further reductions in weight loss and sustained outcomes.

References

Brooker, P. G., Gomersall, S. R., King, N. A., & Leveritt, M. D. (2023). The efficacy of morning versus evening exercise for weight loss: A randomized controlled trial. Obesity, 31(1), 83–95. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23605

Cleo, G., Glasziou, P., Beller, E., Isenring, E., & Thomas, R. (2019). Habit-based interventions for weight loss maintenance in adults with overweight and obesity: A randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Obesity, 43(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-018-0067-4

Hakim, A., Bagheri, R., & Ahmadi Angali, K. (2022). The effect of diet counseling and physical activity on the components of metabolic syndrome in children: A Randomized Clinical Trial. SAGE Open Medicine, 10, 20503121221100336. https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121221100335

Höchsmann, C., Dorling, J. L., Martin, C. K., Earnest, C. P., & Church, T. S. (2022). Association between weight loss, change in physical activity, and change in quality of life following a corporately sponsored, online weight loss program. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 451. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12835-4

Ingels, J. S., Hansell, A., & Zizzi, S. (2018). Beyond weight loss: A qualitative exploration of participant expectations and strategies for measuring progress during a weight management program. SAGE Open Medicine, 6, 2050312118807618. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312118807618

Lundgren, J. R., Janus, C., Jensen, S. B. K., Juhl, C. R., Olsen, L. M., Christensen, R. M., Svane, M. S., Bandholm, T., Bojsen-Møller, K. N., Blond, M. B., Jensen, J.-E. B., Stallknecht, B. M., Holst, J. J., Madsbad, S., & Torekov, S. S. (2021). Healthy Weight Loss Maintenance with Exercise, Liraglutide, or Both Combined. New England Journal of Medicine, 384(18), 1719–1730. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2028198

Min, J., Kim, S.-Y., Shin, I.-S., Park, Y.-B., & Lim, Y.-W. (2021). The Effect of Meal Replacement on Weight Loss According to Calorie-Restriction Type and Proportion of Energy Intake: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 121(8), 1551-1564.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2021.05.001

Ro, S., Lackey, A., Aymes, S., McCauley, J., Davis, T., Wang, R., Stanley, W., Ratner, S., Machineni, S., & Fiscus, L. (2023). Impact of a Community-Based Weight Management Program in a North Carolina Health Care System. Family Medicine, 55(3), 189–194. https://doi.org/10.22454/FamMed.2023.603918

Salas-Salvadó, J., Díaz-López, A., Ruiz-Canela, M., Basora, J., Fitó, M., Corella, D., Serra-Majem, L., Wärnberg, J., Romaguera, D., & Estruch, R. (2019). Effect of a lifestyle intervention program with energy-restricted Mediterranean diet and exercise on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors: One-year results of the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Diabetes Care, 42(5), 777–788.

Yang, Q., Wang, K., Tian, Q., Zhang, J., Qi, L., & Chen, T. (2022). Effect of Diet and Exercise-Induced Weight Loss among Metabolically Healthy and Metabolically Unhealthy Obese Children and Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(10), 6120. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106120