NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centered Care
Chamberlain University NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centered Care-Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Chamberlain University NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centered Care assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centered Care
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Chamberlain University NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centered Care depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centered Care
The introduction for the Chamberlain University NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centered Care is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
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How to Write the Body for NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centered Care
After the introduction, move into the main part of the NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centered Care assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centered Care
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centered Care
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
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NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centered Care
Sample Answer for NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centered Care Included After Question
Preparing the Assignment
Introduction
This graded discussion will explore the concepts of person-centred care and reflective practice. Please provide an initial response to the discussion question by Wednesday at 11:59pm MT and two interactive dialogue responses no later than Sunday 11:59 PM MT at the end of WEEK 3. The discussion is worth 75 points. Please refer to the discussion grading rubric for additional criteria.
Assignment
This week’s topic focused on caring and reflective practice in contemporary nursing. In your initial response, provide a definition of what person-centred care means to you. Describe how you will apply principles holistic nursing, cultural humility, and self-reflection in your future role as a nurse practitioner.
A Sample Answer For the Assignment: NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centered Care
Title: NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centered Care
Person-centered care means focusing care on an individual’s health needs. It involves ensuring that a patient’s needs, preferences, and values are used in clinical decision-making and delivering respectful care (Santana et al., 2018). Person-centered care entails treating a patient as an individual and as an equal partner in the healing journey and should thus be individualized, coordinated, and enabling. Health providers seeking to provide person-centered care should seek to identify á patients’ abilities and potential to manage and better their health, rather than perceiving the patient as a victim of illness or passive treatment recipients (Santana et al., 2018). When planning for personalized care, health providers should develop a plan tailored to the individual patient’s needs. Therefore, the provider and the patient should have a conversation to set mutual goals and interventions for meeting the patient’s health needs.
Holistic nursing refers to an all-inclusive approach to patient care. In my future nurse practitioner (NP) role, I will apply the principle of holistic nursing by identifying each patient as an individual and recognizing the whole patient. Besides, I will evaluate patients holistically via open communication and seek to identify potential factors causing stress that may affect a patient’s health and wellbeing (Thornton, 2019). Cultural humility refers to a lifetime practice of self-reflection and self-critique through which a person examines their beliefs and cultural identities and learns about others’ culture (Greene-Moton & Minkler, 2020). I will apply cultural humility in NP practice by learning and understanding patients’ cultures, especially those from different races, ethnicities, socioeconomic statuses, religions, sexual orientations, and geographic locations. Besides, I will seek to understand and be sensitive to historical facts like the aftermaths of oppression and violence against particular groups of people. Lastly, I will apply self-reflection by evaluating my professional practice and clinical interventions and comparing them with the standard best-practice for NPs.
NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centered Care References
Greene-Moton, E., & Minkler, M. (2020). Cultural competence or cultural humility? Moving beyond the debate. Health promotion practice, 21(1), 142-145. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839919884912
Santana, M. J., Manalili, K., Jolley, R. J., Zelinsky, S., Quan, H., & Lu, M. (2018). How to practice person-centred care: A conceptual framework. Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy, 21(2), 429–440. https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.12640
Thornton, L. (2019). A Brief History and Overview of Holistic Nursing. Integrative medicine (Encinitas, Calif.), 18(4), 32–33.
A Sample Answer 2 For the Assignment: NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centered Care
Title: NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centered Care
Person-centered care means treating a patient as a person and an equal partner in their healing journey and focusing care on their health needs. I believe person-centered care strategies should be individualized, harmonized, and enable patients to reach their full potential. Therefore, the nurse or healthcare professional providing person-centered care should consider the patient’s needs, values, and preferences when making clinical decisions, which fosters respectful care. Kwame & Petrucka (2021) assert that the healthcare provider must consider a patient’s previous healthcare experiences and knowledge and, thus, provide care that focuses on and respects their values, preferences, and needs by increasingly involving the patient in the care process.
A nurse practitioner should first evaluate the patient’s abilities to manage and improve their health and collaboratively identify strategies that will help the patient in these abilities (Kwame & Petrucka, 2021). I believe that a fundamental aspect of patient-centered care is delivering services that respect and meet patients’ needs. This fosters positive healthcare outcomes, improves patients’ perceptions of quality of care, and improves patient satisfaction with care.
Holistic nursing means a comprehensive approach to patient care. It entails treating the whole person by also considering their mental and social factors instead of just focusing on managing the symptoms of their diagnosis. I perceive holistic care as a nursing approach that addresses a patient’s physical, psychological, social, and spiritual needs. Thus, this type of care is comprehensive. Instead of treating the diagnosis, holistic nursing seeks to improve the individual patient’s overall well-being and quality of life (Papathanasiou et al., 2013). Furthermore, I believe holistic nursing is relationship-centered care that should be individualized, with the primary goal being optimal health. Therefore, the NP practicing holistic nursing should acknowledge the patient’s body, mind, and spirit by treating the entire individual instead of one symptom (Papathanasiou et al., 2013). Besides, the NP should acknowledge that various factors affect a person’s health, including dietary habits and environmental influences. Consequently, they should ask patients questions about their general lifestyle.
Cultural humility refers to being respectful and empathetic and applying critical self-reflection at
intrapersonal and interpersonal levels. Hughes et al. (2020) explain that the intrapersonal element of cultural humility entails being aware of one’s limited ability to appreciate the patient’s worldview and culture. On the other hand, the interpersonal component integrates an opinion toward a patient characterized by respect and openness to the patient’s point of view. It also focuses on learning from the patient by listening and building partnerships (Hughes et al., 2020). I believe that a nurse with cultural humility should have a mindset that enables them to be open to patients’ preferences by demonstrating respect and empathy. Furthermore, if nurses combine cultural humility with critical conversation skills, they can get an opportunity to discuss cultural misunderstandings, intercultural pain, and how to develop a cultural understanding.
NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centred Care References
Hughes, V., Delva, S., Nkimbeng, M., Spaulding, E., Turkson-Ocran, R. A., Cudjoe, J., … & Han, H. R. (2020). Not missing the opportunity: Strategies to promote cultural humility among future nursing faculty. Journal of Professional Nursing, 36(1), 28-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2019.06.005
Kwame, A., & Petrucka, P. M. (2021). A literature-based study of patient-centered care and communication in nurse-patient interactions: barriers, facilitators, and the way forward. BMC Nursing, 20(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-021-00684-2
Papathanasiou, I., Sklavou, M., &Kourkouta, L. (2013). Holistic nursing care: Theories and perspectives. American Journal of Nursing Science, 2(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajns.20130201.11
A Sample Answer 3 For the Assignment: NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centered Care
Title: NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centered Care
Introduction
Caring has been a central concept to nursing since the inception of the profession. While, healthcare delivery and settings have changed as a result of a variety of social and technological factors, nurses must be mindful not to lose sight of caring as the core of nursing practice. Caring frameworks that include holistic and person-centred care can be used to guide the practice of master’s- prepared nurses in advanced practice roles as leaders of nursing care in a variety of healthcare settings.
Caring as a Nursing Concept
The American Nurses Association (2016) defines nursing as:
…the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, facilitation of healing, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations.
Why is caring a central focus of nursing? Nursing theorist Jean Watson (1990) contended that caring is the moral ideal and essence of nursing. Caring can be conceptualized as a noun, a verb, or an adjective (Adams, 2016). As a noun, care is an act. As a verb, it is an action carried out in relation to another. As an adjective, caring describes the quality of an act. Nursing has a scientific knowledge that supports caring practices, ethics, attitudes and behaviors. Drahošová and Jarošová (2016) described several aspects of caring, including an individualized, empathetic approach; attentiveness; and sensitivity. A caring relationship can help support patient dignity and autonomy and reduce anxiety. Caring is influenced by the nurse’s knowledge, skills, and attitudes formed through lifelong learning and experiences. Caring is manifested in relationships. As a master’s- prepared advanced practice nurse you will have daily opportunities to demonstrate caring behaviors that establish relationships and promote positive outcomes in a variety of professional practice settings.
Caring in Complex Systems
Over time, healthcare systems have increased in complexity, in part due to advances in knowledge, skills, and technology, which has led to a reshaping of the role of the master’s prepared advanced practice nurse. Focus on safe, quality, and cost- effective care is paramount in the 21st-century healthcare delivery system. As the role of the professional nurse has expanded to include organizational and professional regulation, compliance, and technology -driven tasks, focus has shifted away from the patient care experience, challenging the fundamental nursing principle of caring.
Reflection
Take a moment to reflect on how you demonstrate caring in your current professional practice. What are barriers to practicing care? How can you enhance caring behaviors?
Person-Centred Care Nursing Framework
Caring is a central concept in nursing; however, the context for caring is changing. Healthcare is undergoing a transition from provider-driven care to person-centred care. Patients are increasingly involved in making decisions regarding their health and health practices. McCormack and McCance developed a Person-Centred Nursing (PCN) Framework, which can be applied to practice in complex healthcare systems (McCormack & McCance, 2017). The PCN Framework provides a standard of care for practice and is a multidimensional process emphasizes the person as the center of care delivery. The PCN Framework involves fostering therapeutic relationships that respect individuals as persons and partners in care. Care is relationship-focused, collaborative, and holistic.
The Person-Centred Care Nursing Framework consists of five constructs: prerequisites, the care environment, person-centred processes, and outcomes (McCormack & McCance, 2017). To deliver effective care, one must work from the outer circle towards the core.
The macro-context addresses the larger setting within which person-centred care takes place. The macro-context includes health and social care policy, strategic frameworks, workforce development, and strategic leadership. Prerequisites focus on the attributes of the nurses and include being professionally competent, having developed interpersonal skills, being committed to the job, being able to demonstrate clarity of beliefs and values, and knowing self. The care environment focuses on the context in which care is delivered and includes appropriate skill mix, systems that facilitate shared decision making, effective staff relationships, organizational systems that are supportive, the sharing of power, the potential for innovation and risk taking, and the physical environment. Person-centred processes focus on delivering care through a range of activities and include working with a patient’s beliefs and values, engagement, having a sympathetic presence, sharing decision making, and providing holistic care. Outcomes, the central component of the Framework, are the results of effective PCN and include: satisfaction with care, involvement in care, and a feeling of well-being.
Reflection
Consider how the PCN Framework can support quality and safety outcomes. Identify three ways in which you can use the PCN Framework to improve outcomes in your future professional practice setting.
Holistic Nursing Practice
Nurses are tasked with providing care that attends to all aspects of the person, health, and environment. Although nurses must certainly be knowledgeable about how disease physiologically affects the patient; it is important to address the needs of the whole person, not just a diagnosis. Holism is a person-centred philosophy that ensures care for the whole patient. The concept of holistic care expands beyond physiological aspects of health (illness and/or disease) and incorporates psychological, sociological, developmental, spiritual, and cultural aspects. Holistic care also considers environmental and economic factors. A holistic approach to care is recommended for master’s- prepared nurses in advanced practice roles. Holistic nurses recognize and treat each individual as a unique human being interconnected with family and community (Papathanasiou et al., 2013). Holistic nursing moves the nurse from a linear, task-oriented mindset towards complex and multidimensional care. Holistic nursing encourages nurses to integrate self-care, personal responsibility, spirituality, and reflection in their own lives. Hence, holistic approaches to person-centred care lead to better patient outcomes and improved nurse satisfaction.
Reflection
Consider ways in which you incorporate holistic care principles in your professional practice.
Chamberlain College of Nursing Conceptual Framework of Nursing
Acknowledging the centrality of care to nursing practice, Chamberlain’s philosophy of education is grounded in the belief that taking extraordinary care of students ultimately translates to the extraordinary care of patients, families, and communities (Chamberlain University [CU], 2018). The masters of nursing education program at Chamberlain University is guided by a holistic health, person-centred, care-focused framework (CU, 2018). Take a moment to explore the Chamberlain University Conceptual Framework of Nursing. Consider how this will affect professional growth in your current nursing practice and future practice as a master’s prepared advanced practice nurse.
Conclusion
Nursing practice is both an art and a science with foundational knowledge, skills, and attitudes based in caring. Over time, health care settings have changed and continue to evolve. The complexity of the current practice environment has led to conceptual and theoretical advancements that support nursing practice. Caring remains a central concept to the profession and practice of nursing. The Person-Centred Nursing Framework, holistic model of care, and Chamberlain Care philosophy serve as a models to guide advanced practice nurses.
A Sample Answer 4 For the Assignment: NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centered Care
Title: NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centered Care
Self-Knowledge
Increasing diversity, globalization, and expanding technologies have produced complex ethical pressures that influence nursing practice. Master’s-prepared nurses are challenged to take on leadership roles and effect positive change to promote health and health outcomes. To be effective in the advanced practice role, it is important to understand one’s own personal values, beliefs, strengths, and limitations.
Knowing Self
Important prerequisites of the nurse’s ability to deliver person-centred included self-knowledge and clarity of beliefs and values (McCormack & McCance, 2017). Self-awareness or self-knowledge is developed through reflection. Reflection allows for the examination of personal experiences, which helps clarify the values and beliefs that shape one’s perspectives and actions. According to McCormack and McCance (2017), through reflection, self-awareness, and engagement with others, an individual is able to understand oneself. Self-awareness aids the nurse in understanding how personal beliefs and attitudes may influence interactions with others (Rasheed, 2015). Self-awareness has other advantages. Rasheed (2015) noted that self-awareness promotes personal and professional growth. Similarly, Eng and Pai (2015) found that nurses who engaged in self-reflection had higher nursing competence.
Value and Belief Clarification
Self-reflection helps nurses clarify their personal beliefs and values. While these terms are sometimes used interchangeably, there is a difference. Beliefs are convictions or assumptions one holds to be true, sometimes without actual proof or evidence. Values relate to what one considers to be important in life. Values stem from beliefs, and may include principles or standards of conduct (DeNisco & Barker, 2015).
Values and beliefs influence one’s thoughts, decisions, and actions. Clarification of values and belief is an ongoing process shaped by education; experiences (social, political, personal and professional); environment; and economic factors. Values and beliefs change over time as one engages in personal and professional development. Nurses are held to a standard of providing safe, quality care to all individuals in need. Nurses’ personal values may or may not align with professional nursing values. Clarification of values and beliefs strengthens nurses’ ability to make ethical decisions and to promote ethical and moral actions. A master’s- prepared advanced practice nurse must understand the interrelationship of values and beliefs and the effect on professional practice.
Shahriari et al., (2013) described 10 common professional nursing values: human dignity, justice, autonomy in decision making, precision and accuracy in caring, commitment, human relationship, sympathy, honesty, and individual and professional competency. Similarly, Kaya et al., (2017) found human dignity, altruism, aesthetic, equality, freedom, accuracy, and justice as core professional nursing values.
Biases and Stereotypes
Whether we realize it or not, we all have stereotypes and biases about a variety of things. Stereotypes and biases often develop out of the brain’s natural need to filter stimuli. The brain receives a constant barrage of thoughts and sensations. The brain would quickly be overwhelmed if it had to provide an equal level of attention to every stimulus (Meyers & Twenge, 2016 ). To efficiently discriminate between the most pressing matters and matters that may be handled automatically, the brain develops shortcuts, which are then selectively reinforced by our experiences. Examples of shortcuts include stereotypes, heuristics, and biases. People frequently rely on these shortcuts in decision-making without realizing they are doing so. Self-reflection can help us identify the stereotypes and biases we hold so that we can engage in authentic, person-centred care.
While some stereotypes may be neutral (Ex. Nurses wear white), others are harmful. Bias is a sensitive topic to address; however, it must not be ignored as bias may lead to intentional (explicit) or unintentional (implicit) disparities in care and subsequent health and healthcare outcomes (DeNisco & Barker, 2015). Biases in the areas of gender, race, sexual orientation, religion, and obesity are most relevant among health care providers (Dunagan et al., 2016). Ageism is also a concern in nursing and sustained through social stereotypes, lack of knowledge, and practice policies (Kagan & Melendez-Torres, 2015). Regardless of the type of bias, all have the potential to negatively impact health and healthcare outcomes. Attitudes of prejudice interfere with one’s ability to practice cultural humility and to make nonbiased ethical decisions.
It is important to acknowledge personal biases, as these affect beliefs, behaviors, actions, and interactions with others. With this awareness, you can begin addressing your biases. Personal and professional growth are aspects of professional identity and are influential in the demonstration of leadership and the promotion of positive change in people, systems, and the profession of nursing (National League for Nursing, 2012). Identifying, understanding, and being mindful of stereotypes and prejudice help to reduce bias. Working toward controlling and resolving biases through the development of attitudes and skills that promote human dignity, respect, and value diversity and cultural humility is critical to effective nursing practice in varied settings.
Reflection
Students reflect on known biases. What are my biases and attitudes toward people with various cultural, gender, sexual orientation, age, weight, and religion that are different than my own? Identify new biases or confirm current biases. Develop a plan to reduce bias.
Complete selected surveys at Project Implicit, Harvard University https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit/takeatest.htmlLinks to an external site.
A Sample Answer 5 For the Assignment: NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centered Care
Title: NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centered Care
Cultural humility is another important aspect of person-centered care as well as a key concept of the Chamberlain Conceptual Framework of Nursing (Chamberlain University, 2018). Cultural humility begins with self-reflection. It involves the acknowledgment that one’s own perspective is limited and may contribute to barriers in providing care (DeNisco & Barker, 2015). Cultural humility involves awareness of cultural differences. The concept of cultural humility is a fluid and active process that allows for growth and knowledge development related to other cultures. One approaches cultural differences with respect, openness, flexibility, and humility. As a practice of cultural humility, it is useful for the nurse to think about cultural phenomena, to understand variations related to different cultures, and to perform careful individual assessments to include personal preferences as there are intracultural as well as intercultural variations (Engebreston, 2016). Practicing cultural humility places the person at the center of care and helps to develop mutually respectful and beneficial partnerships.
Engebreston (2016) described six phenomena found in all cultural groups: communication, personal space, time, social organization, environmental control, and biological variations as the. Communication includes the expression of feelings, body contact, and humor; personal space incorporates comfort levels related to the area surrounding a person’s body; and time includes both social time—the arrangement of social activities— and time that represents past, present, and future with an emphasis on one being more dominant. Social organization includes family structure, one’s relationship in the world, and environmental control centers on different perceptions on the ability to control. Locus of control can help provide insight on how one views the environment and whether he or she can influence events and outcomes based on personal decisions and actions. Lastly, the culture phenomenon of biological variations includes characteristics such as body size, hair texture, and variations in facial features and skin color. Cultural humility acknowledges and seeks to understand differences.
Reflection
Think about the culture with which you identify. How are different phenomena demonstrated in your culture: communication, personal space, time, social organizations, environmental control, and biological variations? How do you feel when caring for people whose cultural backgrounds differ from your own? What actions can you implement to support ongoing engagement in cultural humility?
Conclusion
Nurses are held to a scope and standard of practice, one that includes the demonstration and promotion of ethical behavior. You are to hold yourself accountable to fair and ethical practices that value diversity and individuality. Knowing self allows for personal and professional growth and contributes to your professional competence. Engaging in reflective processes helps to build self-awareness and enhance cultural humility. Acknowledging, understanding, and addressing your own biases and attitudes aids in the appreciation of differences and diversity. Regardless of your advanced practice role in nursing, self- knowing influences your ability to make ethical and fair decisions and actions that have the potential to affect many different aspects of nursing practice and practice outcomes.
Immersive Reader
NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centred Care References
Adams, L. Y. (2016). The conundrum of caring in nursing. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 9(1), 1-8.
American Nurses Association. (2016). What is nursing. http://www.nursingworld.org/EspeciallyForYou/What-is-Nursing
Belief. (n.d.). In Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary (11th ed.). Retrieved from https://www.merriam- webster.com/dictionary/analysis
Chamberlain College of Nursing. (2018). Mission, philosophy, program outcomes. https://www.chamberlain.edu/docs/default-source/academics-admissions/catalog.pdf
Drahošová, L., & Jarošová, D. (2016). Concept caring in nursing. Central European Journal of Nursing & Midwifery, 7(2), 453. https://doi.org/10.15452/CEJNM.2016.07.0014
Dunagan, P. B., Kimble, L. P., Gunby, S. S., & Andrews, M. M. (2016). Baccalaureate nursing students’ attitudes of prejudice: A qualitative inquiry. Journal of Nursing Education, 55(6), 345-348. https://org.doi/ 10.3928/01484834-20160516-08
Eng, C., & Pai., H. (2015). Determinants of nursing competence of nursing students in Taiwan: The role of self-reflection and insight. Nurse Education Today, 35(3), 450-455. https://org.doi/10.1016/j.nedt.2014.11.021
Engebretson, J. C. (2016). Cultural diversity and care. In Barrere, C. C, Blaszko Helming, M. A., Shields, D. A., & Avino, K. M. (Eds.). Holistic Nursing (7th ed.), 439-464. Jones and Bartlett.
Kagan, S. H., & Melendez-Torres, G. (2015). Ageism in nursing. Journal of Nursing Management, 23(5), 644. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12191
Kaya, H., Işik, B., Şenyuva, E., & Kaya, N. (2017). Personal and professional values held by baccalaureate nursing students. Nursing Ethics, 24(6), 716-731. https://chamberlainuniversity.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=heh&AN=125154399&site=eds-live&scope=site https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733015624488
McCormack, B. & McCance, T. (2017). Person-centred practice in nursing and health care. Theory and practice (2nd ed.). Wiley Blackwell.
Meyers, D. G. & Twenge, J. M. (2016). Social psychology (12th ed.). McGraw Hill.
National League for Nursing. (n.d.). Core values. http://www.nln.org/about/core-values
National League for Nursing. (2012). Outcomes and competencies for graduates of practical/vocational, diploma, associate degree, baccalaureate, master’s, practice doctorate, and research doctorate programs in nursing.
Papathanasiou, I., Sklavou, M., & Kourkouta, L. (2013). Holistic nursing care: Theories and perspectives. American Journal of Nursing Science, 2(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajns.20130201.11
Rasheed, S. P. (2015). Self-awareness as a therapeutic tool for nurse/client relationship. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 8(1), 211.
Schuessler, J.B., Wilder, B., & Byrd, L.W.(2012). Reflective Journaling and Development of Cultural Humility in Students. Nursing Education Perspectives. 33(2):96-99. https://chamberlainuniversity.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=c9h&AN=77635084&site=eds-live&scope=site
Shahriari, M., Mohammadi, E., Abbaszadeh, A., & Bahrami, M. (2013). Nursing ethical values and definitions: A literature review. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 18(1), 1-8.
Value. (n.d.). In Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary (11th ed.). Retrieved from https://www.merriam- webster.com/dictionary/analysis
Watson, J. (1990). Caring knowledge and informed moral passion. Advances in Nursing Science, 13(1), 15-24. https://doi.org/10.1097/00012272-199009000-00003
A Sample Answer 5 For the Assignment: NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centered Care
Title: NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centered Care
Reflection
I learned numerous lessons in week three. First, the week assisted me in appreciating the importance of education in advancing nursing practice. An RN nurse can serve the patients effectively at their level. However, through advanced learning, RN nurses gain effective knowledge that assists them in serving the nursing fraternity in higher positions such as leadership (Hughes et al., 2020). In doing so, nurses with advanced nursing skills can develop important policies that not only aid in solving the healthcare system’s problems but also increase their significance in managing healthcare quality.
Among the lesson learned this week, the ability to provide person-centered care was among the key important points learned. The entire process of restructuring the quality of the healthcare system starts with the ability of the nurses to offer holistic and patient-centered care (Smith & Foronda, 2021). This type of service allows nurses to value the patients’ health and work hard to meet the patient outcome. I feel that if all nurses can gain the skills to offer holistic care, the healthcare quality could be high within the healthcare system. Therefore, there is a need for nurses in leadership positions to develop programs for junior nurses that allow them to understand the concept of person-centered care.
In my future role as an NP, I would practice the concept of cultural competence in nursing. This process would involve offering culturally competent care to patients to meet the desired patient outcome (Smith & Foronda, 2021). This measure would also help me anticipate the concept of cultural humility that will aid in heightening the quality of healthcare services. This concept would also play an important role in designing my future path in nursing, especially in becoming one of the unique nurses that aid in bringing change within the healthcare system.
NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centred Care References
Hughes, V., Delva, S., Nkimbeng, M., Spaulding, E., Turkson-Ocran, R. A., Cudjoe, J., … & Han, H. R. (2020). Not missing the opportunity: Strategies to promote cultural humility among future nursing faculty. Journal of Professional Nursing, 36(1), 28-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2019.06.005
Smith, A., & Foronda, C. (2021). Promoting cultural humility in nursing education through the use of ground rules. Nursing Education Perspectives, 42(2), 117-119. doi: 10.1097/01.NEP.0000000000000594
A Sample Answer 5 For the Assignment: NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centered Care
Title: NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centered Care
This is a detailed and insightful post about patient-centered care and holistic care models. Patient-centered care characterizes empowering patients to take control of their care instead of being passive receivers of healthcare services. This strategy is anchored on the perception that patient observations, experiences, and input can enhance the entire health outcomes. It also entails the provision of healthcare that is responsive and respectful to individual patient values, preferences, and values (Frisch & Rabinowitsch, 2019). In a patient-centered model, healthcare professionals strive to determine and treat the full patient through the development of individualized, detailed care plans. This approach needs effective communication to develop trust and authentic partnerships between patients and their healthcare providers.
The adoption of a holistic care approach is essential in focusing on the entire person including emotional, mental, physical, social, and spiritual needs. Here, nurse practitioners get the opportunity to reflect on the overall health profile of their patients. Holistic care is essential in providing a comprehensive understanding of patients and their different care needs and is associated with crucial outcomes in healthcare systems (Eriksson et al., 2018). This model has been branded as the core of the science of nursing. It focuses on individualism and acknowledges the existence of a close association between the body, soul, and mind. It emphasizes that all dimensions of human is different, unique, and linked to one another. The holistic care model increases patient satisfaction with healthcare and helps patients to accept and take self-responsibility. It also results in improved patient health outcomes because it responds to the true needs of individual patients. During illness, intricate social, psychological, and cultural needs tend to disturb the balance of a patient and affect the healing process. Holistic care restores the balance and enables the patient to address the disease.
NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centred Care References
Eriksson, I., Lindblad, M., Möller, U., & Gillsjö, C. (2018). Holistic health care: Patients’ experiences of health care provided by an Advanced Practice Nurse. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 24(1), e12603. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijn.12603
Frisch, N. C., & Rabinowitsch, D. (2019). What’s in a definition? Holistic nursing, integrative health care, and integrative nursing: report of an integrated literature review. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 37(3), 260-272. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898010119860685
A Sample Answer 6 For the Assignment: NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centered Care
Title: NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centered Care
Person-centered care means focusing care on an individual’s health needs. It involves ensuring that a patient’s needs, preferences, and values are used in clinical decision-making and delivering respectful care (Santana et al., 2018). Person-centered care entails treating a patient as an individual and as an equal partner in the healing journey and should thus be individualized, coordinated, and enabling. Health providers seeking to provide person-centered care should seek to identify á patients’ abilities and potential to manage and better their health, rather than perceiving the patient as a victim of illness or passive treatment recipients (Santana et al., 2018). When planning for personalized care, health providers should develop a plan tailored to the individual patient’s needs. Therefore, the provider and the patient should have a conversation to set mutual goals and interventions for meeting the patient’s health needs.
Holistic nursing refers to an all-inclusive approach to patient care. In my future nurse practitioner (NP) role, I will apply the principle of holistic nursing by identifying each patient as an individual and recognizing the whole patient. Besides, I will evaluate patients holistically via open communication and seek to identify potential factors causing stress that may affect a patient’s health and wellbeing (Thornton, 2019). Cultural humility refers to a lifetime practice of self-reflection and self-critique through which a person examines their beliefs and cultural identities and learns about others’ culture (Greene-Moton & Minkler, 2020). I will apply cultural humility in NP practice by learning and understanding patients’ cultures, especially those from different races, ethnicities, socioeconomic statuses, religions, sexual orientations, and geographic locations. Besides, I will seek to understand and be sensitive to historical facts like the aftermaths of oppression and violence against particular groups of people. Lastly, I will apply self-reflection by evaluating my professional practice and clinical interventions and comparing them with the standard best-practice for NPs.
NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centred Care References
Greene-Moton, E., & Minkler, M. (2020). Cultural competence or cultural humility? Moving beyond the debate. Health promotion practice, 21(1), 142-145. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839919884912
Santana, M. J., Manalili, K., Jolley, R. J., Zelinsky, S., Quan, H., & Lu, M. (2018). How to practice person-centred care: A conceptual framework. Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy, 21(2), 429–440. https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.12640
Thornton, L. (2019). A Brief History and Overview of Holistic Nursing. Integrative medicine (Encinitas, Calif.), 18(4), 32–33.
A Sample Answer 7 For the Assignment: NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centered Care
Title: NR 500 Week 3: Person-Centered Care
Person-centered care means dignified, personalized care that focuses on the needs of the individual by ensuring that their values and preferences are at the heart of clinical decision-making. It involves establishing trust, fostering respect, and determining what is essential to the patient. It is the direct opposite of physician-centered care, a traditional approach where the physician or primary caregiver knew best and was at the center of all caring activities. In person-centered care, the priorities of the individual undergoing treatment are analyzed and considered as caregivers embark on treatment. The patient receives individualized care specific to their exact needs. For example, according to Drahošová and Jarošová (2016), caring involves acquainting oneself with the experiences and perceptions of the patient. Nurses demonstrate empathy and interest in the individual’s health and overall wellness. They illustrate the concept of caring when they display actions of concern, kindness, and compassion. Furthermore, they subsume nursing attributes such as trust, responsibility, and intimacy to enhance patient outcomes (Adams, 2016). Blending empirical research with learning is critical to developing humanistic caring professionals.
In my future role as Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, I would apply holistic nursing in my future role through the provision of care that is centered on the physical, emotional, spiritual, and psychological attributes of the patient. Amid care, all these dimensions often intertwine. According to Wright et al. (2021), holistic care is about treating the patient as a whole entity. It transcends the physical and psychological aspects of patient care to cater to the individual’s spiritual and emotional needs. Going by this definition, I intend to apply nursing practices that emphasize on healing the patient as a whole. I will discuss spiritual, emotional, and psychological dimensions with each patient.
Most importantly, I will view the patient as a whole person rather than a disease. I will apply cultural humility by intentionally engaging in reflection and self-critique to recognize and acknowledge individuals from diverse cultures. According to Wright et al. (2021), patient populations are becoming increasingly diverse, signaling an era where patients’ health practices are strongly influenced by culture.
As a future NP, I recognize that I will encounter patients from diverse backgrounds and with distinct values, belief systems, attitudes, and cultures. Cultural humility is about developing an awareness of these differences and acknowledging them to nurture sensitive approaches to treatment. Lastly, in my future role as Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, I will apply the principle of self-reflection by deliberately inquiring/ comparing my clinical practice decisions and actions to current, valid, best-practice standards and recommendations. Purposeful self-reflection helps nurses gain critical insight and knowledge. When nurses engage in self-reflection, they can identify problems quickly and integrate critical thinking into clinical practice. To me, self-reflection will be aimed at gaining awareness and self-knowledge of personal strengths and weaknesses to identify improvement areas.
Patient centered care is at the core of my nursing mantra. I treat my patients as individuals during the 12 hours that I am caring for them. I do my best to get to know my patients on a personal level as best as I can and do so by asking personal questions, allowing them to set boundaries and express their comfort levels. Applying this to my bedside manner and nursing care has allowed me to make connections and build trust in a short amount of time.
“Sarkis and Skoner credited the first use of the term holistic nursing to Dr. Myra Levine, who suggested in 1971 that modern thought and reductionism are not congruent with the wholeness of human life. These authors concluded that holism in nursing requires an understanding that intuition, subjectivity, the value of the individual, caring, warmth, and compassion need to be retained in what was then becoming “research-based nursing.” These authors also noted that some writers include use of complementary and alternative therapies within the practice of holistic nursing” (Frisch et al, 2019).
In my current role as an RN, I treat my patients as the individuals that they are. I make sure to establish a baseline of comfort and boundaries which has allowed me to determine what is acceptable no matter the gender, culture, religion or any other view or belief that may be different than mine. I plan to carry these practices over in my future role as a PMHNP, in addition to providing holistic nursing care when I open my Mental Health Wellness Center. This plan will allow my patients to receive the care, help and wellness that they need which will provide healing to them as a whole. I believe in treating each patient as an individual regardless of their background and not basing the treatment that I provide on preconceived ideas or facts because every patient is unique and should be treated as such.
My perception of person-centered care means to assess, diagnose, treat, intervene, and implement patient-centered care without any biases based on the patient’s social, physical, mental, and cultural understanding of their overall healthcare status, level of understanding based on their language and education barriers, their adherence and willingness to the treatment plan. It also means to be culturally sensitive to my biases, views, perceptions of healthcare, societal norms, cultural norms, and deviations’ and to have an open understanding of communication with effective listening and teaching in collaboration with respectively integrating their wants, needs, and preferences of the patient into their goals, treatment, and plan of care.
A successful nursing interaction relies on the nurses’ ability to collaborate with patients within their cultural context and nurses today must be culturally aware and able to function in cross-cultural patient encounters, thus this ability is developed from maintaining cultural humility and self-reflection (DeNisco & Baker, 2015, p. 583). According to (Higgins & Nesbitt, 2021), nurse practitioners need effective communication skills to provide effective patient-centered care as poor communication can lead to poor health outcomes. Thus, effective communication and listening skills are optimal to obtain medical histories, develop rapport, establish patient-centered plans of care, and in order to work collaboratively within diverse interprofessional healthcare teams (Higgins & Nesbitt, 2021).
My plan as a future nurse practitioner is to apply the basic principle of holistic nursing by creating and maintaining a supportive environment for myself, staff, and patients as it is an increasingly important aspect of the healthcare delivery system in today’s 21st century (Gallison & Kester, 2018). Applying a healthy holistic nursing practice holds to a core engagement of a joyous and meaningful relationship in the sense of accomplishment and significance in the work through processes that lead to an overall successful nurse practitioner-patient relationship and health dynamics outcomes (Gallison & Kester, 2018). Holistic nursing is the principal foundation of the nursing practice of healing the whole person in relation to the physiological, psychological, sociological, emotional, relational, and spiritual aspects of human beings (Thornton, 2019). For example, in relation to a diabetic patient, a holistic nursing practice would address concerns such as does the patient understand the ramifications of the disease psychologically, are they physically able to maintain blood sugar checks, physically able to obtain a healthy diet or medication adherence, socially or financially able to support healthy food; how emotionally attached are they to the understanding of the disease process, the healthy interventions, do they believe that with prayer their health will overall get better without applying the recommended healthcare interventions and as some would say do they see the illness as a curse.
In utilizing self-reflection, my goal is to interchange cultural humility by recognizing and overcoming the difference between stereotypes and culture within and not allowing it to withhold limitations and perspective in directing my nursing practice as this can lead to poor nurse-practitioner-patient relationships, thus hindering the overall impact of the healthcare system dynamics and outcomes. Cultural humility is a process that emphasizes being open-minded, having self-awareness, and having no ego with incorporating self-reflection (Wright et al., 2021).
My perception of person-centered care means to assess, diagnose, treat, intervene, and implement patient-centered care without any biases based on the patient’s social, physical, mental, and cultural understanding of their overall healthcare status, level of understanding based on their language and education barriers, their adherence and willingness to the treatment plan. It also means to be culturally sensitive to my biases, views, perceptions of healthcare, societal norms, cultural norms, and deviations’ and to have an open understanding of communication with effective listening and teaching in collaboration with respectively integrating their wants, needs, and preferences of the patient into their goals, treatment, and plan of care.
A successful nursing interaction relies on the nurses’ ability to collaborate with patients within their cultural context and nurses today must be culturally aware and able to function in cross-cultural patient encounters, thus this ability is developed from maintaining cultural humility and self-reflection (DeNisco & Baker, 2015, p. 583). According to (Higgins & Nesbitt, 2021), nurse practitioners need effective communication skills to provide effective patient-centered care as poor communication can lead to poor health outcomes. Thus, effective communication and listening skills are optimal to obtain medical histories, develop rapport, establish patient-centered plans of care, and in order to work collaboratively within diverse interprofessional healthcare teams (Higgins & Nesbitt, 2021).
My plan as a future nurse practitioner is to apply the basic principle of holistic nursing by creating and maintaining a supportive environment for myself, staff, and patients as it is an increasingly important aspect of the healthcare delivery system in today’s 21st century (Gallison & Kester, 2018). Applying a healthy holistic nursing practice holds to a core engagement of a joyous and meaningful relationship in the sense of accomplishment and significance in the work through processes that lead to an overall successful nurse practitioner-patient relationship and health dynamics outcomes (Gallison & Kester, 2018). Holistic nursing is the principal foundation of the nursing practice of healing the whole person in relation to the physiological, psychological, sociological, emotional, relational, and spiritual aspects of human beings (Thornton, 2019). For example, in relation to a diabetic patient, a holistic nursing practice would address concerns such as does the patient understand the ramifications of the disease psychologically, are they physically able to maintain blood sugar checks, physically able to obtain a healthy diet or medication adherence, socially or financially able to support healthy food; how emotionally attached are they to the understanding of the disease process, the healthy interventions, do they believe that with prayer their health will overall get better without applying the recommended healthcare interventions and as some would say do they see the illness as a curse.
In utilizing self-reflection, my goal is to interchange cultural humility by recognizing and overcoming the difference between stereotypes and culture within and not allowing it to withhold limitations and perspective in directing my nursing practice as this can lead to poor nurse-practitioner-patient relationships, thus hindering the overall impact of the healthcare system dynamics and outcomes. Cultural humility is a process that emphasizes being open-minded, having self-awareness, and having no ego with incorporating self-reflection (Wright et al., 2021).
References
DeNisco, S.M. & Barker, A. M. (2015). Advanced practice nursing: Essential knowledge for the profession (3rd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Gallison, B. & Kester, W. T. (2018). Connecting holistic nursing practice with relationship-based care: a community hospital’s journey. Nurse Leader, 16(3), 181–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mnl.2018.03.007Links to an external site.
Higgins, K. & Nesbitt, C. (2021). Improvisation theater exercises: a novel approach to teach communication skills. The Journal of Nursing Education, 60(2), 116–119. https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20210120-12Links to an external site.
Thornton, L. (2019). A brief history and overview of holistic nursing. Integrative Medicine (Encinitas, Calif.), 18(4), 32–33.
Wright, R. Baptiste, D.-L., Booth, A., Addison, H., Abshire, M., Alvarez, D., Barrett, M., Hansen, B., Jenkins, E., Scarborough, S., Wright, E., Davidson, P. M., & Ramsey, G. C. (2021). Compelling voices of diversity, equity, and inclusion in prelicensure nursing students: application of the cultural humility framework. Nurse Educator, 46(5), E90–E94. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNE.0000000000001094Links to an external site.https://chamberlain.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01CUCON_INST/f6kb8f/cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2561913650Links to an external site.
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