NR 361 Week 4 Discussion 1

Chamberlain University NR 361 Week 4 Discussion 1-Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Chamberlain University NR 361 Week 4 Discussion 1 assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for NR 361 Week 4 Discussion 1                     

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Chamberlain University NR 361 Week 4 Discussion 1 depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for NR 361 Week 4 Discussion 1                     

The introduction for the Chamberlain University NR 361 Week 4 Discussion 1 is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for NR 361 Week 4 Discussion 1                     

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NR 361 Week 4 Discussion 1 assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for NR 361 Week 4 Discussion 1                     

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for NR 361 Week 4 Discussion 1                     

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for NR 361 Week 4 Discussion 1 Included After Question

Meaningful Use Program

The adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) is continuously stretching globally. This can be attributed to the overwhelming benefits when compared with traditional paper-based systems. According to Alammari et al. (2021), the rates of EHR adoption increased from 42% to 89% between 2008 and 2015. Consequently, EHRs have become a fundamental element in the patient care delivery process. However, in the US, the adoption of EHR came along with several incentive programs such as the meaningful use program.

This is a program established through the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services EHR Incentive Programs that ensures that eligible healthcare providers and hospitals exhibit meaningful use of an electronic health record to qualify for reimbursement. According to Alammari et al. (2021), the term meaningful use refers to a slew of minimum US government standards for HER use to improve collaboration, patient-centered care, and support progressive development as well as standardized clinical data exchanges. Nevertheless, it is important to highlight that the term is currently outdated.

The program originated following the signing of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) into law by President Obama on February 17, 2009. The US Congress later passed the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act which allowed federal subsidies for healthcare facilities and eligible physicians to adopt certified EHR systems. According to Lite et al. (2020), the meaningful use incentive program was necessary to improve the efficiency, coordination, and quality of patient care by leveraging certified EHR technologies efficiently and securely.

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An EHR is a comprehensive systematized collection of health-related information about a patient stored in a digital format while electronic medical records (EMR) refer to digital versions of a chart with patient information stored on a computer (Alsahafi & Gay, 2018). Meanwhile, an electronic personal health record (ePHR) relates to an electronic application that allows individuals to access, manage and share their health-related information in a secure and private environment (Alsahafi & Gay, 2018).

The EHR provides a cross-link between EMR and ePHR that allows networking with many computer systems using a designed information system. The Meaningful Use program significantly impacts the nursing profession and primary care physicians. It forms the guiding principle to ensure the implementation of certified EHR improves patient safety, care, and efficiency. The subsequent sections of the paper will explore the analysis, core requirements, challenges, and recommendations of the meaningful use program.

Analysis of the Meaningful Use Program

The meaningful use program consisted of three evolving stages with increasingly comprehensive EHR adoption standards. Stage 1(2011-2012) aimed at data capturing and sharing. Clinicians were expected to fulfill a set of 13 core objectives during this stage. These objectives included the use of computerized order entry, recording of demographics, maintenance of allergy list, and recording of vital signs among others which collectively supported healthcare.  This stage also focused on creating an electronic database, learning how to use and ensuring its security. Stage 2 (2012) focused on advanced clinical processes and comprised 17 necessary requirements and 6 menu objectives.

Finally, stage 3 (2016) refined the meaningful use standards to focus on improving health outcomes. This stage consisted of menu objectives including submitting electronic immunization information, recording patient notes electronically, sending patient reminders for preventive and follow-up care, using clinical lab test results in EHR as structured data, implementing drug formulary checks, reporting cancer cases to public health, and recording family history data. A vast majority of these objectives have been met at the workplace.

The meaningful use incentive elaborates a consistent technique of inaugurating electronic data management into daily practice to optimize healthcare outcomes. The program was generally affordable as the US government allocated $20.6 billion to ensure its adoption (Lite et al., 2020). Meaningful program when carefully executed works and considerably enhances quality patient care, coordination, and safety. The program also enhances efficiency in healthcare by providing a safe and secure method of collecting, storing, and sharing health-related information.

Strengths related to meaningful use include; the promotion of adoption and effective use of EHRs, improvement of access for Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries, the transformation of health information technology, and an increase in PCP participation (Holman et al., 2018). However, weaknesses associated with this program include; the program pertaining only to Medicare beneficiaries, too many criteria, a lack of substantial evidence that the program is related to the overall quality of healthcare, cost expensive to implement, security threats, and training as a prerequisite (Holman et al., 2018).

Core Requirements of the Meaningful Use Program

The core requirements are beneficial to many healthcare stakeholders including patients, providers, nurses, and population health. Meaningful use enhances the utilization of patient reminders, e-Prescribing, and electronic access to healthcare information which reduces medical errors and improves the quality of patient care. Trout et al. (2022) in their research demonstrated an 8% decrease in composites for mortality for selected procedures and an 18% decrease in composite mortality for selected conditions as well as a positive impact on quality associated with EHRs that attested to meaningful use.

Similarly, the program enables healthcare providers to make informed clinical decisions, enhance their efficiency and deliver better healthcare since it directly affects their reimbursements (Holman et al., 2018). The meaningful use program further impacts nursing. It facilitates proper documentation, avoidance of medication errors such as adverse drug reactions, reduces duplicative testing, and enhances provider collaboration. The program also equips nurses with technological skills and expertise. Consequently, nursing care and patient satisfaction are both enhanced. Additionally, the general population benefits from increased surveillance and implementation of prevention programs through the continuous reporting of cancer cases and immunization data to public health registries.

Challenges and Recommendations

The implementation of certified EHR faces several challenges including a lack of a clear plan, cost, lack of oversight, privacy risks, and concerns about sustainability. The EHR utilizes complicated and sophisticated software that is expensive to install and maintain. Similarly, health-related information is valuable and is targeted by several perpetrators of cybersecurity attacks (Colicchio et al., 2019). Patient information contained in the EHR is very sensitive and at risk of data security breaches due to unauthorized access. Additionally, the meaningful use program lacked a clear insight into the diversity of the several primary healthcare providers and their specialties. These adversely affected the implementation of the program leading to failed expectations and physician burnout (Colicchio et al., 2019). The meaningful use program further became unsustainable resulting in its transformation to the Promoting Interoperability program (Alammari et al., 2021).

Following the aforementioned challenges, the recommendations include; adequate training, better communication, adequate time for implementation, and ensuring a realistic, scalable, and flexible starting point for the adoption of EHR. The components of technology are complex and require expertise that can only be obtained through adequate training. Likewise, the healthcare industry is diverse and hence the adoption of EHR should be scalable, flexible, realistic, and tailored to the specific facility. Finally, adequate time should be allowed given the dozens of standards and criteria.

Conclusion

The Meaningful use program is a US government-sponsored program aimed at establishing certified electronic health records. It is composed of three evolving stages. Careful implementation of the program is beneficial to patients, providers, nurses, and the general population. However, the program faces a slew of challenges and weaknesses which ought to be addressed via several strategies including the aforementioned strategies. Finally, the Promoting Interoperability program has currently replaced the meaningful use program.

References

Alammari, D., Banta, J. E., Shah, H., Reibling, E., & Ramadan, M. (2021). Meaningful use of electronic health records and ambulatory healthcare quality measures. Cureus, 13(1), e13036. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.13036

Alsahafi, Y. A., & Gay, V. (2018). An overview of electronic personal health records. Health Policy and Technology, 7(4), 427–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2018.10.004

Colicchio, T. K., Cimino, J. J., & Del Fiol, G. (2019). Unintended consequences of nationwide electronic health record adoption: Challenges and opportunities in the post-Meaningful Use era. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(6), e13313. https://doi.org/10.2196/13313

Holman, G. T., Waldren, S. E., Beasley, J. W., Cohen, D. J., Dardick, L. D., Fox, C. H., Marquard, J., Mullins, R., North, C. Q., Rafalski, M., Rivera, A. J., & Wetterneck, T. B. (2018). Meaningful use’s benefits and burdens for US family physicians. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA, 25(6), 694–701. https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocx158

Lite, S., Gordon, W. J., & Stern, A. D. (2020). Association of the meaningful use electronic health record incentive program with Health Information Technology venture capital funding. JAMA Network Open, 3(3), e201402. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.1402

Trout, K. E., Chen, L.-W., Wilson, F. A., Tak, H. J., & Palm, D. (2022). The impact of electronic health records and Meaningful Use on inpatient quality. Journal for Healthcare Quality: Official Publication of the National Association for Healthcare Quality, 44(2), e15–e23. https://doi.org/10.1097/JHQ.0000000000000314

APA Writing Checklist

Use this document as a checklist for each paper you will write throughout your GCU graduate program. Follow specific instructions indicated in the assignment and use this checklist to help ensure correct grammar and APA formatting. Refer to the APA resources available in the GCU Library and Student Success Center.

☐ APA paper template (located in the Student Success Center/Writing Center) is utilized for the correct format of the paper. APA style is applied, and format is correct throughout.

☐The title page is present. APA format is applied correctly. There are no errors.

☐ The introduction is present. APA format is applied correctly. There are no errors.

☐ Topic is well defined.

☐ Strong thesis statement is included in the introduction of the paper.

☐ The thesis statement is consistently threaded throughout the paper and included in the conclusion.

☐ Paragraph development: Each paragraph has an introductory statement, two or three sentences as the body of the paragraph, and a transition sentence to facilitate the flow of information. The sections of the main body are organized to reflect the main points of the author. APA format is applied correctly. There are no errors.

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☐ All sources are cited. APA style and format are correctly applied and are free from error.

☐ Sources are completely and correctly documented on a References page, as appropriate to assignment and APA style, and format is free of error.

Scholarly Resources:Scholarly resources are written with a focus on a specific subject discipline and usually written by an expert in the same subject field. Scholarly resources are written for an academic audience.

Examples of Scholarly Resources include:Academic journals, books written by experts in a field, and formally published encyclopedias and dictionaries.

Peer-Reviewed Journals:Peer-reviewed journals are evaluated prior to publication by experts in the journal’s subject discipline. This process ensures that the articles published within the journal are academically rigorous and meet the required expectations of an article in that subject discipline.

Empirical Journal Article: This type of scholarly resource is a subset of scholarly articles that reports the original finding of an observational or experimental research study. Common aspects found within an empirical article include: literature review, methodology, results, and discussion.

Adapted from “Evaluating Resources: Defining Scholarly Resources,” located in Research Guides in the GCU Library.

☐ The writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English. Utilize writing resources such as Grammarly, LopesWrite report, and ThinkingStormto check your writing.