Mindfulness-based treatment
Mindfulness-based treatment
Mindfulness-based treatment
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is an approach to psychotherapy that uses cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) methods in collaboration with mindfulness meditative practices and similar psychological strategies. It was originally created to be a relapse-prevention treatment for individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD).[1] Focus on MDD and cognitive processes[vague] distinguish MBCT from other mindfulness-based therapies. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), for example, is a more generalized program that also utilizes the practice of mindfulness.[2] MBSR is a group-intervention program, like MBCT, uses mindfulness to help improve the life of individuals with chronic clinical ailments and high stress lives.[3]
CBT-inspired methods are used in MBCT, such as educating the participant about depression and the role that cognition plays within it.[4] MBCT takes practices from CBT and applies aspects of mindfulness to the approach. One example would be “decentering”, a focus on becoming aware of all incoming thoughts and feelings and accepting them, but not attaching or reacting to them.[5] This process aims to aid an individual in regard to disengaging from self-criticism, rumination, and dysphoric moods that can arise when reacting to negative thinking patterns.[2]
Like CBT, MBCT functions on the etiological theory that when individuals who have historically had depression become distressed, they return to automatic cognitive processes that can trigger a depressive episode.[6] The goal of MBCT is to interrupt these automatic processes and teach the participants to focus less on reacting to incoming stimuli, and instead accepting and observing them without judgment.[6] Like MBSR, this mindfulness practice encourages the participant to notice when automatic processes are occurring and to alter their reaction to be more of a reflection. In regards to the development, MBCT emphasizes awareness of thoughts, which assists in allowing for individuals to recognize negative thought that lead to rumination.[7] It is theorized that this aspect of MBCT is responsible for the observed clinical outcomes.[2]
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Beyond the use of MBCT to reduce depressive symptoms, research additionally supports the effectiveness of mindfulness meditation in reducing cravings for individuals with substance abuse issues. Addiction is known to involve interference with the prefrontal cortex that ordinarily allows for delaying of immediate gratification for longer term benefits by the limbic and paralimbic brain regions. The nucleus accumbens, together with the ventral tegmental area, constitutes the central link in the reward circuit. The nucleus accumbens is also one of the brain structures that is most closely involved in drug dependency. Mindfulness meditation of smokers over a two-week period totaling five hours of meditation decreased smoking by about 60% and reduced their cravings, even for those smokers in the experiment who had no prior intentions to quit. Neuroimaging of those who practice mindfulness meditation reveals increased activity in the prefrontal cortex
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Mindfulness-based treatment
Mindfulness-based treatment
The treatment model most likely to be effective
with a suicidal and substance abusing person is:
a.Mindfulness-based treatment.
b.Transtheoretical model of change (TTM).
c.Motivational interviewing (MI).
d.Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT).
e.Self-determination theory (SDT).
Question 2
Addiction professionals today:
A. May have a background that includes personal recovery from addictive behavior.
B. Have to meet credentialing requirements that include education in theories of addiction.
C. Frequently cling to a favorite theory and disregard other theories.
D. Need to be flexible to tailor individualized or customized care to clients.
Behaviorists expect relapses to occur early in recovery because:
A. The addicted individual’s condition has not progressed to the disease stage.
B. Many of the rewards of recovery come only after long periods of sobriety.
C. Negative consequences for addictive behavior are quickly forgotten.
Question 4
Voucher-based treatment for cocaine dependence:
A. Pays addicts for clean urine specimens.
B. Includes relationship counseling.
C. Is a community reinforcement approach to treatment.
D. Behavioral treatment component had better results than those in 12-Step drug counseling.
Question 5
This approach has been shown
to be more effective than peer-based CBT (cognitive-behavioral therapy)
groups to reduce high-severity substance-related behaviors among ethnic minority youth:
A. BSFT (Brief Strategic Family Therapy).
B. FFT (functional family therapy).
C. MDFT (multidimensional family therapy).
D. MST (multisystemic family therapy).
E. None of the above (they are about equal).
The model of addiction enjoying the greatest support
from the law enforcement and prison industries is:
C. Disease models of addiction.
D. Psychological models of addiction.
E. Social models of addiction.
The foundations of addiction treatment in the United States today are the:
B. Disease models of addiction
C. Psychological models of addiction
Family roles in a family suffering from the disease of addiction may:
B. May result in a scapegoat who also acts as a family clown.
C. May result in a lost child who acts out and may become delinquent.
D. May result in a family hero who attempts to do everything right.
E. May result in a mascot who withdraws in order to cope.
The social learning theory (SLT) proposed by Albert Bandura is also known as:
A. Is concerned with promoting and protecting health of populations.
B. Is often contrasted with medicine which focuses on the individual.
C. Replaced a focus on miasma (invisible toxic matter from the earth) as the cause of disease.
D. Replaced the sanitary movement in many cities in the late 1800s.
Relapsing to addictive behavior is viewed as a learning experience
that can be used to strengthen gains made in treatment by the:
B. Disease models of addiction.
C. Psychological models of addiction.
D. Social models of addiction.
A. Is today one of the most widely used, evidenced-based prevention programs.
B. Is restricted to high school students in predominantly white neighborhoods.
C. Trains students on actions of drugs and medical and legal consequences.
D. Is conducted in week-long sessions during summer breaks.
Respondent conditioning (classical conditioning, Pavlovian conditioning)
helps explain why repeated drug use in the same environment may result in:
Behaviorists believe that adaptive behaviors as well as maladaptive behaviors
like addiction are the result of:
The recommendation to address cognitive, behavioral and
social factors in efforts to overcome addictive behavior is best represented by:
C. Disease models of addiction.
D. Psychological models of addiction.
E. Social models of addiction.
Delay discounting is when behavioral consequences
or reinforcers are delayed into the future and as a result they:
A. Increase their value and effectiveness in influencing choices.
B. Decrease their value and effectiveness in influencing choices.
C. Decrease the chance of relapse.
D. Increase the likelihood of maintaining sobriety.
It may be convenient to refer to addiction as a “brain disease” but:
A. This is insufficient and possibly misleading.
B. Singular and absolute explanations for addiction are ill-informed
or championing a social/political cause.
C. Addiction is extremely complex and arises from multiple pathways.
D. There is not one way to explain addiction.
During the 13 years of Prohibition in the United States (1920-1933):
A. The early movement to medicalize alcoholism gained strength.
B. Alcohol consumption decreased by an estimated 70%.
C. Drug addiction increased rapidly.
D. Physicians prescribed alcohol for more medical ailments like diabetes and old age.
Harm reduction approaches to addiction treatment:
A. Are most appropriate for persons not in treatment and not highly motivated to change
B. Are highly controversial especially in the United States
C. Incorporate stages of change thinking from the transtheoretical model (TTM)
D. Encourages autonomy similar to motivational interviewing
(MI) and self-determination theory (SDT)
Due to evidenced-based practice (EBP) and changes in health care law,
it is projected that all counselors in the addictions field will soon be
A. A high school diploma and some certification training.
B. A bachelor’s degree in an addiction-related field (psychology, nursing).
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Discussion Questions (DQ)
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- One or two-sentence responses, simple statements of agreement, or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words.
- I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.
Weekly Participation
- Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately.
- In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies.
- Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work).
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- Familiarize yourself with APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required).
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- I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.
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- I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’s level and deduct points accordingly.
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- The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.
- Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.
- If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.
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Mindfulness-based treatment
Mindfulness-based treatment
Mindfulness-based treatment
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