MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability

Sample Answer for MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability Included

A Sample Answer For the Assignment: MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability

Title: MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability

Professor and Class,

In order to gather the following data, I asked fellow family members and friends what their dominant hand was. It resulted in the following table:

	Female	Male	Total
Left-Handed	4	5	9
Right-Handed	15	6	21
Total	19	11	30

1. If a person is randomly selected from the survey participants, what is the probability that the person will be left-handed?
   1. 9/30 participants were left-handed.
   1. Probability: 9/30= 0.30
   1. If you randomly choose a female from the people you surveyed, what is the probability that she is left-handed?
      1. 19/30 participants were female. Of those who were female 4/19 were left-handed.
      1. Probability: 4/19= 0.21
   1. What is the odds ratio of choosing a left-handed female?

1. (4/5)/(15/6)= 0.32

• What is the relative risk of choosing a left-handed female?
  • [4/(4+15)]/[5/(5+6)] = (4/19)/(5/11)
  • Relative Risk= 0.46

I skimmed through the first article linked in our discussion “Being a Lefty is All Right” according to Orr, 2001 10 to 13% of the world’s population is left-handed. I thought this was a fairly small percentage, but it is even smaller than in the sample I collected. This is not unexpectedly however, as the law of large numbers states “as our sample size increases the probability found in the sample size will be closer to the expected outcome” (Week 4 Lesson: Probability in Everyday Life, 2021). According to Mwaniki, 2018 10-12% of the world’s population is left-handed and of those who are left-handed, men are 23% more likely to be than women. The fact of men being more likely than women to be left-handed also held true in my sample study.

Brennaa Sullivan

References:

Mwaniki, A., (2018). What Percentage of The World Population Are Left Handed? World Atlas. https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-percentage-of-the-world-population-are-left-handed.htmlLinks to an external site.

Orr, T., (2001). Being a lefty is all right! Current Health. 28(2):12-13. Week 4 Lesson: Probability in Everyday Life. (2021). Chamberlain University. https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/75447/pages/week-4-lesson-probability-in-everyday-life?module_item_id=10306877

MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability

MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability

For grading purposes, this particular
discussion posting area runs from Sunday
Jan 24 through Sunday Jan 31, inclusively.
 
We explore ( mathematical ) Probability this
Week. This includes probability concepts,
conditional probability, independence,
dependence, event( s ), the concept of
“mutually exclusive,” the concept of
“complement,” the multiplication rule, and
the addition rule.
 
Please don’t forget to use an “outside”
resource as part of the content and
documentation for your first Post – the Post
which is due on or before Wednesday of the
Week – the Post where you make the most
major contribution to the Weekly
discussion posting area and attempt to
address the discussion prompts / cues for
the Week. It could possibly include a web
site that you discovered on the internet at
large, so long as the web site is relevant and
substantial and does not violate the
Chamberlain University policy for
prohibited web sites, and so forth. It could
possibly include references / resources that
you discover through making use of the
online Chamberlain University Library (
please click Resources along the left and
then click Library to discover the link to the
Chamberlain University online Library ) . 🙂
 
Check out the link below for some
information about concepts such as
independence, dependence, mutually
exclusive, disjoint, complement, and
conditional probability.
 

Please remember that probabilities
are NOT percentages and so the
answers ( no doubt approximate and
rounded off ) in the examples about
the green cat above should please be
respectively
 
0.54      0.67      for the two probability
questions and

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the answer for the odds ratio
question should be
approximately  2.67  and
 
the answer for the relative risk
question should be
approximately  1.71
 
You will want to please be very
careful how you set up the rows and
columns of your two way table (
which is also called a contingency
table ) if you are hoping to make a
perfect analogy between how the
questions were worked out for the
green cat and how the questions
would be worked out for your left
handed females.

 
Would the analogy work best if you
set up your own two way table like
this ??
 
Left Handed Right Handed Total

Females
Males
Total

 
I am really asking ( this is not
rhetorical ) because I am just
glancing at this assignment for the
first time this morning.      😉
 
Also your lower right cell here
should be 30 .
 
And the sum of the four cells
involving left handed females, right
handed females, left handed males,
and right handed males should be 30
as well.
 
That is, you survey 30 humans and
each human is placed into one and
only one of those 4 possible cells.
 
Then you compute and fill in column
totals and row totals.
 

Then as you will see the Table Total
or the Grand Total in the lower right
will be 30 .
 
Once you set up your contingency
table ( two way table ) correctly,
answering the 4 questions will be a
breeze.  But give probabilities with
answers like  0.XXXX  please !!
 
DON’T state a percentage as an
answer to a probability question.
 
Try hard to use one of the two
provided links to find your “outside”
reference / resource this Week 4 .
 
It would get boring though in a large
class if EVERYONE did that.  So
please do that if you can but if a few
Folks choose to find some other
“outside” reference / resource this
Week ( about left handedness and
right handedness issues and trends
and data ) that would certainly add
some variety and freshness to our
Week 4 graded Posting area.
 
Finally, many of you might make
mistakes this Week, even though you
have the example provided about the
Green Cat( s )
 
So if you correct each other’s
mistakes in follow up Posts, please
be polite and sensitive and
diplomatic and professional and all

that – and I will try hard to do that as
well.  We are all Friends and fellow
learners here.
 
Thanks Friends and here below are a
couple Videos to watch if you are
concerned that the one Green Cat( s
) example is not quite enough to
make you feel confident and secure
about all of this.
 
Thanks Friends and work hard this
Week 4 !  Your commitment and
energy and drive and motivation will
be put to the test during this Week 4

Link (Links to an external site.)Links to an
external site.
 
This is one kind of an example of using an
“outside” source / resource to add to what is
revealed in our Weekly Lesson in Modules
and in our Weekly text book reading.
 
Please don’t forget to look over the Graded
Discussion Posting Rubric each Week to be
certain that you are meeting all of the
Frequency requirements as well as all of the
Quality requirements for graded discussion
posting each Week.
 
If you have any questions about anything,
please do not hesitate to post in the Q & A
Forum discussion posting area or to send
me a direct e-mail message
to  [email protected]
 
Thanks Friends and Good Luck !  Work hard
and learn a lot !!
 
Sincerely,  Mr. Smith     Chamberlain
University     Math, Statistics, and
Quantitative Research

5. Grading Rubric

Discussion Criteria	 A (100%) Outstanding or highest level of performance 	B (87%) Very good or high level of performance	C (76%) Competent or satisfactory level of performance	F (0) Poor or failing or unsatisfactory level of performance
Answers the initial graded threaded discussion question(s)/topic(s), demonstrating knowledge and understanding of concepts for the week. 16 points	Addresses all aspects of the initial discussion question(s) applying experiences, knowledge, and understanding regarding all weekly concepts.16 points	Addresses most aspects of the initial discussion question(s) applying experiences, knowledge, and understanding of most of the weekly concepts.14 points	Addresses some aspects of the initial discussion question(s) applying experiences, knowledge, and understanding of some of the weekly concepts.12 points	Minimally addresses the initial discussion question(s) or does not address the initial question(s).0 points
Integrates evidence to support discussion. Sources are credited.* ( APA format not required) 12 points	Integrates evidence to support your discussion from:assigned readings** OR online lessons, ANDat least one outside scholarly source.***Sources are credited.*12 points	Integrates evidence to support discussion from:assigned readings OR online lesson.Sources are credited.*10 points	Integrates evidence to support discussion only from an outside source with no mention of assigned reading or lesson.Sources are credited.*9 points	Does not integrate any evidence.0 points
Engages in meaningful dialogue with classmates or instructor before the end of the week. 14 points	Responds to a classmate and/or instructor’s post furthering the dialogue by providing more information and clarification, thereby adding much depth to the discussion.14 points	Responds to a classmate and/or instructor furthering the dialogue by adding some depth to the discussion.12 points	Responds to a classmate and/or instructor but does not further the discussion.10 points	No response post to another student or instructor.0 points
Communicates in a professional manner. 8 points	Presents information using clear and concise language in an organized manner (minimal errors in English grammar, spelling, syntax, and punctuation).8 points	Presents information in an organized manner (few errors in English grammar, spelling, syntax, and punctuation).7 points	Presents information using understandable language but is somewhat disorganized (some errors in English grammar, spelling, syntax, and punctuation).6 points	Presents information that is not clear, logical, professional or organized to the point that the reader has difficulty understanding the message (numerous errors in English grammar, spelling, syntax, and/or punctuation).0 points
PARTICIPATION: Response to initial question: Responds to initial discussion question(s) by Wednesday, 11:59 p.m. M.T.	0 points lostStudent posts an answer to the initial discussion question(s) by Wednesday, 11:59 p . m. MT.		-5 pointsStudent does not post an answer to the initial discussion question(s) by Wednesday, 11:59 p . m. MT.
PARTICIPATION Total posts: Participates in the discussion thread at least three times on at least two different days.	0 points lostPosts in the discussion at least three times AND on two different days.		-5 pointsPosts fewer than three times OR does not participate on at least two different days.