MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability

Chamberlain University MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability-Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Chamberlain University MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability                     

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Chamberlain University MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability                     

The introduction for the Chamberlain University MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability                     

After the introduction, move into the main part of the MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability                     

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability                     

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability Included

Initial Post Instructions

Probability plays a major role in the medical community. Diagnoses are based on probabilities. They are really questions or “what if’s”, and are answered by the probability that the treatment will be the best for the ailment.

Let’s look at probability in terms of both the real world and the medical community.

1. Survey 30 people to find out if they are left-handed or right-handed, and use the following chart to create a contingency table with the information.

Left handed Right handed Total Female Male Total

• Answer the following questions about the information in your contingency table:
  • If a person is randomly selected from the survey participants, what is the probability that the person will be left-handed?
  • If you randomly choose a female from the people you surveyed, what is the probability that she is left-handed?
  • What is the odds ratio of choosing a left-handed female?
  • What is the relative risk of choosing a left-handed female?

Example

	Green	Blue	Total
Cats	40 (A)	20 (B)	60 (A+B)
Dogs	30 (C)	40 (D)	70 (C+D)
Total	70 (A+C)	60 (B+D)	130 (A+B+C+D)

1. Probability of Green – (A+C)/(A+B+C+D): 70/130 = 0.54
2. Probability of Green Cat – A/(A+B): 40/60 = 0.67
3. Odds Ratio of Green Cat – (A/B)/(C/D) or AD/BC: (4040)/(2030) = 1600/600 = 2.67
4. Relative Risk of Green Cat – [A/(A+C)]/[B/(B+D)]: (40/70)/(20/60) = 1.71
5. Skim through at least one of the following articles on left-handed vs. right-handed people from the Chamberlain Library. Answer the following question: How do the probabilities and percentages for your study compare to those in the study you read?
   1. https://search-proquest-com.chamberlainuniversity.idm.oclc.org/nahs/docview/211689160/DB2AB8D1E63B4638PQ/4?accountid=147674Links to an external site.
   1. https://search-proquest-com.chamberlainuniversity.idm.oclc.org/nahs/docview/1326739712/DB2AB8D1E63B4638PQ/10?accountid=147674Links to an external site.

Follow-Up Post Instructions

Respond to at least two peers or one peer and the instructor. Further the dialogue by providing more information and clarification.

A Sample Answer For the Assignment: MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability

Title: MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability

Professor and Class,

In order to gather the following data, I asked fellow family members and friends what their dominant hand was. It resulted in the following table:

	Female	Male	Total
Left-Handed	4	5	9
Right-Handed	15	6	21
Total	19	11	30

1. If a person is randomly selected from the survey participants, what is the probability that the person will be left-handed?
   1. 9/30 participants were left-handed.
   1. Probability: 9/30= 0.30
   1. If you randomly choose a female from the people you surveyed, what is the probability that she is left-handed?
      1. 19/30 participants were female. Of those who were female 4/19 were left-handed.
      1. Probability: 4/19= 0.21
   1. What is the odds ratio of choosing a left-handed female?

1. (4/5)/(15/6)= 0.32

• What is the relative risk of choosing a left-handed female?
  • [4/(4+15)]/[5/(5+6)] = (4/19)/(5/11)
  • Relative Risk= 0.46

I skimmed through the first article linked in our discussion “Being a Lefty is All Right” according to Orr, 2001 10 to 13% of the world’s population is left-handed. I thought this was a fairly small percentage, but it is even smaller than in the sample I collected. This is not unexpectedly however, as the law of large numbers states “as our sample size increases the probability found in the sample size will be closer to the expected outcome” (Week 4 Lesson: Probability in Everyday Life, 2021). According to Mwaniki, 2018 10-12% of the world’s population is left-handed and of those who are left-handed, men are 23% more likely to be than women. The fact of men being more likely than women to be left-handed also held true in my sample study.

Brennaa Sullivan

References:

Mwaniki, A., (2018). What Percentage of The World Population Are Left Handed? World Atlas. https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-percentage-of-the-world-population-are-left-handed.htmlLinks to an external site.

Orr, T., (2001). Being a lefty is all right! Current Health. 28(2):12-13. Week 4 Lesson: Probability in Everyday Life. (2021). Chamberlain University. https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/75447/pages/week-4-lesson-probability-in-everyday-life?module_item_id=10306877

A Sample Answer 2 For the Assignment: MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability

Title: MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability

For grading purposes, this particular discussion posting area runs from Sunday Jan 24 through Sunday Jan 31, inclusively.

We explore ( mathematical ) Probability this Week. This includes probability concepts, conditional probability, independence, dependence, event( s ), the concept of “mutually exclusive,” the concept of “complement,” the multiplication rule, and the addition rule.

Please don’t forget to use an “outside” resource as part of the content and documentation for your first Post – the Post which is due on or before Wednesday of the Week – the Post where you make the most major contribution to the Weekly discussion posting area and attempt to address the discussion prompts / cues for the Week. It could possibly include a web site that you discovered on the internet at large, so long as the web site is relevant and substantial and does not violate the Chamberlain University policy for prohibited web sites, and so forth. It could possibly include references / resources that you discover through making use of the online Chamberlain University Library ( please click Resources along the left and then click Library to discover the link to the Chamberlain University online Library ) . 🙂

Check out the link below for some information about concepts such as independence, dependence, mutually exclusive, disjoint, complement, and conditional probability.

Link (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

This is one kind of an example of using an “outside” source / resource to add to what is revealed in our Weekly Lesson in Modules and in our Weekly text book reading.

Please don’t forget to look over the Graded Discussion Posting Rubric each Week to be certain that you are meeting all of the Frequency requirements as well as all of the Quality requirements for graded discussion posting each Week.

If you have any questions about anything, please do not hesitate to post in the Q & A Forum discussion posting area or to send me a direct e-mail message to  [email protected]

Thanks Friends and Good Luck !  Work hard and learn a lot !!

Sincerely,  Mr. Smith     Chamberlain University     Math, Statistics, and Quantitative Research

MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability

MATH 225N Week 4 Discussion: Probability

For grading purposes, this particular
discussion posting area runs from Sunday
Jan 24 through Sunday Jan 31, inclusively.
 
We explore ( mathematical ) Probability this
Week. This includes probability concepts,
conditional probability, independence,
dependence, event( s ), the concept of
“mutually exclusive,” the concept of
“complement,” the multiplication rule, and
the addition rule.
 
Please don’t forget to use an “outside”
resource as part of the content and
documentation for your first Post – the Post
which is due on or before Wednesday of the
Week – the Post where you make the most
major contribution to the Weekly
discussion posting area and attempt to
address the discussion prompts / cues for
the Week. It could possibly include a web
site that you discovered on the internet at
large, so long as the web site is relevant and
substantial and does not violate the
Chamberlain University policy for
prohibited web sites, and so forth. It could
possibly include references / resources that
you discover through making use of the
online Chamberlain University Library (
please click Resources along the left and
then click Library to discover the link to the
Chamberlain University online Library ) . 🙂
 
Check out the link below for some
information about concepts such as
independence, dependence, mutually
exclusive, disjoint, complement, and
conditional probability.
 

Please remember that probabilities
are NOT percentages and so the
answers ( no doubt approximate and
rounded off ) in the examples about
the green cat above should please be
respectively
 
0.54      0.67      for the two probability
questions and

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the answer for the odds ratio
question should be
approximately  2.67  and
 
the answer for the relative risk
question should be
approximately  1.71
 
You will want to please be very
careful how you set up the rows and
columns of your two way table (
which is also called a contingency
table ) if you are hoping to make a
perfect analogy between how the
questions were worked out for the
green cat and how the questions
would be worked out for your left
handed females.

 
Would the analogy work best if you
set up your own two way table like
this ??
 
Left Handed Right Handed Total

Females
Males
Total

 
I am really asking ( this is not
rhetorical ) because I am just
glancing at this assignment for the
first time this morning.      😉
 
Also your lower right cell here
should be 30 .
 
And the sum of the four cells
involving left handed females, right
handed females, left handed males,
and right handed males should be 30
as well.
 
That is, you survey 30 humans and
each human is placed into one and
only one of those 4 possible cells.
 
Then you compute and fill in column
totals and row totals.
 

Then as you will see the Table Total
or the Grand Total in the lower right
will be 30 .
 
Once you set up your contingency
table ( two way table ) correctly,
answering the 4 questions will be a
breeze.  But give probabilities with
answers like  0.XXXX  please !!
 
DON’T state a percentage as an
answer to a probability question.
 
Try hard to use one of the two
provided links to find your “outside”
reference / resource this Week 4 .
 
It would get boring though in a large
class if EVERYONE did that.  So
please do that if you can but if a few
Folks choose to find some other
“outside” reference / resource this
Week ( about left handedness and
right handedness issues and trends
and data ) that would certainly add
some variety and freshness to our
Week 4 graded Posting area.
 
Finally, many of you might make
mistakes this Week, even though you
have the example provided about the
Green Cat( s )
 
So if you correct each other’s
mistakes in follow up Posts, please
be polite and sensitive and
diplomatic and professional and all

that – and I will try hard to do that as
well.  We are all Friends and fellow
learners here.
 
Thanks Friends and here below are a
couple Videos to watch if you are
concerned that the one Green Cat( s
) example is not quite enough to
make you feel confident and secure
about all of this.
 
Thanks Friends and work hard this
Week 4 !  Your commitment and
energy and drive and motivation will
be put to the test during this Week 4

Link (Links to an external site.)Links to an
external site.
 
This is one kind of an example of using an
“outside” source / resource to add to what is
revealed in our Weekly Lesson in Modules
and in our Weekly text book reading.
 
Please don’t forget to look over the Graded
Discussion Posting Rubric each Week to be
certain that you are meeting all of the
Frequency requirements as well as all of the
Quality requirements for graded discussion
posting each Week.
 
If you have any questions about anything,
please do not hesitate to post in the Q & A
Forum discussion posting area or to send
me a direct e-mail message
to  [email protected]
 
Thanks Friends and Good Luck !  Work hard
and learn a lot !!
 
Sincerely,  Mr. Smith     Chamberlain
University     Math, Statistics, and
Quantitative Research

5. Grading Rubric

Discussion Criteria	 A (100%) Outstanding or highest level of performance 	B (87%) Very good or high level of performance	C (76%) Competent or satisfactory level of performance	F (0) Poor or failing or unsatisfactory level of performance
Answers the initial graded threaded discussion question(s)/topic(s), demonstrating knowledge and understanding of concepts for the week. 16 points	Addresses all aspects of the initial discussion question(s) applying experiences, knowledge, and understanding regarding all weekly concepts.16 points	Addresses most aspects of the initial discussion question(s) applying experiences, knowledge, and understanding of most of the weekly concepts.14 points	Addresses some aspects of the initial discussion question(s) applying experiences, knowledge, and understanding of some of the weekly concepts.12 points	Minimally addresses the initial discussion question(s) or does not address the initial question(s).0 points
Integrates evidence to support discussion. Sources are credited.* ( APA format not required) 12 points	Integrates evidence to support your discussion from:assigned readings** OR online lessons, ANDat least one outside scholarly source.***Sources are credited.*12 points	Integrates evidence to support discussion from:assigned readings OR online lesson.Sources are credited.*10 points	Integrates evidence to support discussion only from an outside source with no mention of assigned reading or lesson.Sources are credited.*9 points	Does not integrate any evidence.0 points
Engages in meaningful dialogue with classmates or instructor before the end of the week. 14 points	Responds to a classmate and/or instructor’s post furthering the dialogue by providing more information and clarification, thereby adding much depth to the discussion.14 points	Responds to a classmate and/or instructor furthering the dialogue by adding some depth to the discussion.12 points	Responds to a classmate and/or instructor but does not further the discussion.10 points	No response post to another student or instructor.0 points
Communicates in a professional manner. 8 points	Presents information using clear and concise language in an organized manner (minimal errors in English grammar, spelling, syntax, and punctuation).8 points	Presents information in an organized manner (few errors in English grammar, spelling, syntax, and punctuation).7 points	Presents information using understandable language but is somewhat disorganized (some errors in English grammar, spelling, syntax, and punctuation).6 points	Presents information that is not clear, logical, professional or organized to the point that the reader has difficulty understanding the message (numerous errors in English grammar, spelling, syntax, and/or punctuation).0 points
PARTICIPATION: Response to initial question: Responds to initial discussion question(s) by Wednesday, 11:59 p.m. M.T.	0 points lostStudent posts an answer to the initial discussion question(s) by Wednesday, 11:59 p . m. MT.		-5 pointsStudent does not post an answer to the initial discussion question(s) by Wednesday, 11:59 p . m. MT.
PARTICIPATION Total posts: Participates in the discussion thread at least three times on at least two different days.	0 points lostPosts in the discussion at least three times AND on two different days.		-5 pointsPosts fewer than three times OR does not participate on at least two different days.