KNOWLEDGE CHECK: WOMEN’S AND MEN’S HEALTH, INFECTIONS, AND HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS NURS 6501

Walden University KNOWLEDGE CHECK: WOMEN’S AND MEN’S HEALTH, INFECTIONS, AND HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS NURS 6501-Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Walden University KNOWLEDGE CHECK: WOMEN’S AND MEN’S HEALTH, INFECTIONS, AND HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS NURS 6501 assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for KNOWLEDGE CHECK: WOMEN’S AND MEN’S HEALTH, INFECTIONS, AND HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS NURS 6501                     

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Walden University KNOWLEDGE CHECK: WOMEN’S AND MEN’S HEALTH, INFECTIONS, AND HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS NURS 6501 depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for KNOWLEDGE CHECK: WOMEN’S AND MEN’S HEALTH, INFECTIONS, AND HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS NURS 6501                     

The introduction for the Walden University KNOWLEDGE CHECK: WOMEN’S AND MEN’S HEALTH, INFECTIONS, AND HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS NURS 6501 is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for KNOWLEDGE CHECK: WOMEN’S AND MEN’S HEALTH, INFECTIONS, AND HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS NURS 6501                     

After the introduction, move into the main part of the KNOWLEDGE CHECK: WOMEN’S AND MEN’S HEALTH, INFECTIONS, AND HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS NURS 6501 assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for KNOWLEDGE CHECK: WOMEN’S AND MEN’S HEALTH, INFECTIONS, AND HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS NURS 6501                     

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for KNOWLEDGE CHECK: WOMEN’S AND MEN’S HEALTH, INFECTIONS, AND HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS NURS 6501                     

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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KNOWLEDGE CHECK: WOMEN’S AND MEN’S HEALTH, INFECTIONS, AND HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS NURS 6501

Scenario 3: Syphilis

A 37-year-old male comes to the clinic with a complaint of a “sore on my penis” that has been there for 5 days. He says it burns and leaked a little fluid. He denies any other symptoms. Past medical history noncontributory. 

SH: Bartender and he states he often “hooks up” with some of the patrons, both male and female after work. He does not always use condoms.

PE: WNL except for a lesion on the lateral side of the penis adjacent to the glans. The area is indurated with a small round raised lesion. The APRN orders laboratory tests, but feels the patient has syphilis.  

Question:

1.     What are the 4 stages of syphilis 

Your Answer:

Syphilis progresses through four distinct stages, each characterized by specific symptoms and clinical manifestations:

Primary Stage: This stage begins with the appearance of a painless sore called a chancre at the site of infection, typically within 3 weeks after exposure. The sore is firm, round, and often goes unnoticed. It can last for a few weeks and eventually heals on its own. The chancre is highly contagious and contains the bacterium Treponema pallidum.

Secondary Stage: After the chancre heals, the secondary stage emerges, usually a few weeks to a few months later. Symptoms during this stage can vary widely and may include a skin rash, mucous membrane lesions (e.g., in the mouth or genitals), fever, fatigue, sore throat, and muscle aches. The rash is typically non-itchy, red or brown, and may appear on the palms and soles. These symptoms can come and go over several weeks.

Latent Stage: This stage is characterized by the absence of visible symptoms. Syphilis remains present in the body, but there are no outward signs or symptoms. Latent syphilis is further categorized into early latent (within a year of initial infection) and late latent (more than a year after initial infection). During this stage, the infection can still be transmitted to others through sexual contact.

Tertiary Stage: If left untreated, syphilis can progress to the tertiary stage, which can occur years after the initial infection. Tertiary syphilis is rare due to the widespread use of antibiotics. However, it can lead to severe and potentially life-threatening complications, such as damage to the heart, blood vessels, brain, nerves, and other organs. Neurological complications can lead to significant disability.

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Question 1

4 out of 4 points

	Scenario 1: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) A 29-year-old female presents to the clinic with a complaint of hirsutism and irregular menses. She describes irregular and infrequent menses (five or six per year) since menarche at 11 years of age. She began to develop dark, coarse facial hair when she was 13 years of age, but her parents did not seek treatment or medical opinion at that time. The symptoms worsened after she gained weight in college. She got married 3 years ago and has been trying to get pregnant for the last 2 years without success. Height 66 inches and weight 198. BMI 32 kg.m2. Moderate hirsutism without virilization noted.  Laboratory data reveal CMP within normal limits (WNL), CBC with manual differential (WNL), TSH 0.9 IU/L SI units (normal 0.4-4.0 IU/L SI units), a total testosterone of 65 ng/dl (normal 2.4-47 ng/dl), and glycated hemoglobin level of 6.1% (normal value ≤5.6%). Based on this information, the APRN diagnoses the patient with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and refers her to the Women’s Health APRN for further workup and management.   Question 1.     What is the pathogenesis of PCOS?
Selected Answer: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) has an underlying genetic component that causes irregular ovulation, increased androgens, and ovaries with polycystic characteristics (McCance & Huether, 2019). Glucose intolerance and insulin resistance increase androgen secretion via the ovaries’ supportive structures and reduce sex-hormone-binding globulin (McCance & Huether, 2019). Elevated leptin levels act on the hypothalamus interfering with hormone production. Follicular growth and apoptosis alterations influence the absence of ovulation, creating inappropriate functioning of FSH and LH. Cortical thickening increases subcortical stroma, and hyperplasia occurs (McCance & Huether, 2019) Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS may have infrequent or prolonged menstrual periods or excess male hormone (androgen) levels. The ovaries may develop numerous small collections of fluid (follicles) and fail to release eggs regularly. other factors that may contribute to the development of PCOS include: Excess insulin. Insulin is the hormone produced in the pancreas that allows cells to use sugar, your body’s primary energy supply. If your cells become resistant to the action of insulin, then your blood sugar levels can rise, and your body might produce more insulin. Excess insulin might increase androgen production, causing difficulty with ovulation. Low-grade inflammation. This term describes white blood cells’ production of substances to fight infection. Research has shown that women with PCOS have a type of low-grade inflammation that stimulates polycystic ovaries to produce androgens, leading to heart and blood vessel problems. Excess androgen. The ovaries produce abnormally high androgen levels, resulting in hirsutism and acne. Early diagnosis of PCOS and treatment and weight loss may reduce the risk of long-term complications such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease.  Complications of PCOS can include: Infertility, Gestational diabetes or pregnancy-induced high blood pressure, miscarriage or premature birth, Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, Metabolic syndrome including high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels that significantly increase your risk of cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes or prediabetes, Sleep apnea, Depression, anxiety and eating disorders, Abnormal uterine bleeding, and cancer of the uterine lining (endometrial cancer). It is important to note that these complications are more severe in overweight women.  Correct Answer:   The pathogenesis of PCOS has been linked to altered luteinizing hormone (LH) action, insulin resistance, and a possible predisposition to hyperandrogenism. One theory maintains that underlying insulin resistance exacerbates hyperandrogenism by suppressing synthesis of sex hormone–binding globulin and increasing adrenal and ovarian synthesis of androgens, thereby increasing androgen levels. These androgens then lead to irregular menses and physical manifestations of hyperandrogenism. The hyperandrogenic state is a cardinal feature of PCOS but glucose intolerance/insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia often run parallel to and markedly aggravate the hyperandrogenic state, thus contributing to the severity of signs and symptoms of PCOS. Response Feedback: [None Given]

Scenario 2: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

A 30-year-old female comes to the clinic with a complaint of abdominal pain, foul smelling vaginal discharge, and fever and chills for the past 5 days. She denies nausea, vomiting, or difficulties with bowels. Last bowel movement this morning and was normal for her. Nothing has helped with the pain despite taking ibuprofen 200 mg orally several times a day. She describes the pain as sharp and localizes the pain to her lower abdomen. Past medical history noncontributory. GYN/Social history + for having had unprotected sex while at a fraternity party. 

Physical exam: thin, Ill appearing anxious looking white female who is moving around on the exam table and unable to find a comfortable position. Temperature 101.6F orally, pulse 120, respirations 22 and regular. Review of systems negative except for chief complaint. Focused assessment of abdomen demonstrated moderate pain to palpation left and right lower quadrants. Upper quadrants soft and non-tender. Bowel sounds diminished in bilateral lower quadrants. Pelvic exam demonstrated + adnexal tenderness, + cervical motion tenderness and copious amounts of greenish thick secretions. The APRN diagnoses the patient as having pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).  

Question:

1.     What is the pathophysiology of PID? 

Your Answer:

            The pathophysiology of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) involves the ascending spread of infection from the lower genital tract into the upper reproductive organs, primarily the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. It is most commonly caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs), particularly Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

           Infection Entry: The initial step is the entry of pathogens, often through unprotected sexual intercourse or other routes, into the lower genital tract, including the cervix and vagina.

          Cervical Barrier Breach: The cervix usually acts as a barrier, but the causative microorganisms can bypass it and ascend into the upper reproductive organs.

         Endometritis: Infection can cause inflammation of the endometrium (lining of the uterus). This leads to symptoms like lower abdominal pain and fever.

        Salpingitis: As the infection progresses, it can reach the fallopian tubes, causing salpingitis. This results in adnexal tenderness, cervical motion tenderness, and abdominal pain.

        Tubal Scarring and Blockage: Inflammatory responses can cause scarring and damage to the fallopian tubes. Scar tissue formation increases the risk of tubal blockage or partial occlusion.

         Risk of Ectopic Pregnancy: Tubal scarring can lead to a higher risk of ectopic pregnancy, where a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, often in the fallopian tubes.

          Oophoritis: Infection can also involve the ovaries (oophoritis), leading to pelvic pain and possible abscess formation.

Spread of Infection: Untreated PID can lead to the spread of infection to surrounding structures, such as the peritoneum, causing pelvic peritonitis.

Long-Term Complications: If not promptly treated, PID can result in long-term complications like chronic pelvic pain, fertility issues, and increased risk of ectopic pregnancies.

The diagnosis of PID requires clinical assessment, such as physical examination findings, pelvic pain, and characteristic discharge. Antibiotic treatment is essential to manage the infection, prevent complications, and reduce the risk of long-term damage to reproductive organs. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial to preventing further complications and preserving reproductive health.