HLT-362 Topic 4 DQ 1: PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF EXPERIMENTAL, QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL, AND NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH FROM THE GCU LIBRARY AND EXPLAIN HOW EACH RESEARCH TYPE DIFFERS FROM THE OTHERS

Grand Canyon University HLT-362 Topic 4 DQ 1: PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF EXPERIMENTAL, QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL, AND NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH FROM THE GCU LIBRARY AND EXPLAIN HOW EACH RESEARCH TYPE DIFFERS FROM THE OTHERS-Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University HLT-362 Topic 4 DQ 1: PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF EXPERIMENTAL, QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL, AND NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH FROM THE GCU LIBRARY AND EXPLAIN HOW EACH RESEARCH TYPE DIFFERS FROM THE OTHERS assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for HLT-362 Topic 4 DQ 1: PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF EXPERIMENTAL, QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL, AND NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH FROM THE GCU LIBRARY AND EXPLAIN HOW EACH RESEARCH TYPE DIFFERS FROM THE OTHERS                       

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University HLT-362 Topic 4 DQ 1: PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF EXPERIMENTAL, QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL, AND NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH FROM THE GCU LIBRARY AND EXPLAIN HOW EACH RESEARCH TYPE DIFFERS FROM THE OTHERS depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for HLT-362 Topic 4 DQ 1: PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF EXPERIMENTAL, QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL, AND NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH FROM THE GCU LIBRARY AND EXPLAIN HOW EACH RESEARCH TYPE DIFFERS FROM THE OTHERS                       

The introduction for the Grand Canyon University HLT-362 Topic 4 DQ 1: PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF EXPERIMENTAL, QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL, AND NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH FROM THE GCU LIBRARY AND EXPLAIN HOW EACH RESEARCH TYPE DIFFERS FROM THE OTHERS is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for HLT-362 Topic 4 DQ 1: PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF EXPERIMENTAL, QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL, AND NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH FROM THE GCU LIBRARY AND EXPLAIN HOW EACH RESEARCH TYPE DIFFERS FROM THE OTHERS                       

After the introduction, move into the main part of the HLT-362 Topic 4 DQ 1: PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF EXPERIMENTAL, QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL, AND NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH FROM THE GCU LIBRARY AND EXPLAIN HOW EACH RESEARCH TYPE DIFFERS FROM THE OTHERS  assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for HLT-362 Topic 4 DQ 1: PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF EXPERIMENTAL, QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL, AND NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH FROM THE GCU LIBRARY AND EXPLAIN HOW EACH RESEARCH TYPE DIFFERS FROM THE OTHERS                       

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for HLT-362 Topic 4 DQ 1: PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF EXPERIMENTAL, QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL, AND NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH FROM THE GCU LIBRARY AND EXPLAIN HOW EACH RESEARCH TYPE DIFFERS FROM THE OTHERS                       

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for HLT-362 Topic 4 DQ 1: PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF EXPERIMENTAL, QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL, AND NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH FROM THE GCU LIBRARY AND EXPLAIN HOW EACH RESEARCH TYPE DIFFERS FROM THE OTHERS Included After Question

Topic 4 DQ 1

Provide an example of experimental, quasi-experimental, and nonexperimental research from the GCU Library and explain how each research type differs from the others. When replying to peers, evaluate the effectiveness of the research design of the study for two of the examples provided.

A Sample Answer For the Assignment: HLT-362 Topic 4 DQ 1: PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF EXPERIMENTAL, QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL, AND NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH FROM THE GCU LIBRARY AND EXPLAIN HOW EACH RESEARCH TYPE DIFFERS FROM THE OTHERS

Title:  HLT-362 Topic 4 DQ 1: PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF EXPERIMENTAL, QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL, AND NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH FROM THE GCU LIBRARY AND EXPLAIN HOW EACH RESEARCH TYPE DIFFERS FROM THE OTHERS

Experimental Research: Experimental or Trial- Research is a form of research or study in which “the investigator directly controls selected conditions or characteristics of the environment, and observes the effects these changes have on other features of the problem at hand in order to determine causal relations” (Stoica, 2021). As the name implies Experimental research relies on running various tests and trials to come to a conclusion. 

Example of an Experimental research study:

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers has conducted a study to research the effectiveness of cable-driven hip joint power-assisted exoskeletons. The experiments conducted to research this required three different conditions. The first condition was no exoskeleton, the second was exoskeleton opening and closing, The third condition was the effects of different experimental conditions on human joint angle, carbon dioxide exhalation, and sEMG. The results of these experiments showed the maximum angle difference of hip and knee was almost halved with the exoskeleton (3.6° with VS 6.1° without). Results also showed a 3.5% decrease in the overall carbon dioxide content in exhaled gas. Lastly, results showed The RMS values of the inferior gauze tail muscle and the quadriceps femoris muscle decreased by 51.40% and 42.55%, respectively (Ma et. al, 2022). With this information a conclusion can be reached that cable-driven hip joint power-assisted exoskeletons showed that motion deviation was small, muscle consumption was greatly reduced, and exoskeletons play a good auxiliary role in human walking.

Quasi-Experimental Research: Quasi-Experimental research is a form of study in which the aim is to evaluate interventions but that does not use randomization. “Quasi-experimental studies encompass a broad range of nonrandomized intervention studies. These designs are frequently used when it is not logistically feasible or ethical to conduct a randomized controlled trial” (Harris et. al, 2006). 

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Example of a Quasi-Experimental research study:

The National University of Singapore conducted a quasi-experimental research study to find the impact of the Scholarly Project® on medical students’ perception of research skills in Vietnam. To test this “A questionnaire evaluating the perception of fourteen research skills was given to participants in the first week, at midterm, and after finishing the Scholarly Project; students assessed their level on each skill using a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (lowest score) to 5 (highest score)” (Nguyen et. al, 2022). The results showed significantly high scores for 11 skills after participation in the Scholarly Project®.

Non-Experimental Research: Non-experimental research is research without the manipulation of independent variables, random assignment of participants to conditions, and/or orders of conditions. 

Example of Non-Experimental research study: 

A non-experimental research study was conducted by the BMJ journal to measure the effect of including OAT in The Joint Commission’s NPSGs on historically low rates of OAT initiation for individuals with incident atrial fibrillation (AF). This test was conducted using North Carolina State Health Plan claims data from 944 500 individuals enrolled between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2010, supplemented with data from the Area Resource File and Online Survey, Certification and Reporting data network (Beadles et. al, 2014).

The results showed OAT initiation was decreased (26.8%) for eligible individuals with incident atrial fibrilation in 2006–2008 but increased after NPSGs implementation (31.7%, p=0.022). OAT initiation was high but was lowered in the positive control group (67.5% vs 62.0%, p=0.003). Multivariate analysis resulted in a relative 11% (95% CI (4% to 18%), p<0.01) increase in OAT initiation for incident AF patients.

References:

Beadles CA, Hassmiller Lich K, Viera AJ, et alA non-experimental study of oral anticoagulation therapy initiation before and after national patient safety goalsBMJ Open 2014;4:e003960. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003960

Harris, A. D., McGregor, J. C., Perencevich, E. N., Furuno, J. P., Zhu, J., Peterson, D. E., & Finkelstein, J. (2006). The use and interpretation of quasi-experimental studies in medical informatics. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA, 13(1), 16–23. https://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.M1749

Nguyen Tran Minh Duc, Khuu Hoang Viet, & Vuong Thi Ngoc Lan. (2022). Impact of Scholarly Project on students’ perception of research skills: A quasi-experimental study. The Asia Pacific Scholar, 7(4), 50–58. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.29060/TAPS.2022-7-4/OA2748

P. Ma, A. Zhu, Y. Tu, J. Song, D. Dang and Y. Zhang, “System Design and Experimental Research of Cable-driven Hip Joint Power-assisted Exoskeleton,” 2022 19th International Conference on Ubiquitous Robots (UR), 2022, pp. 237-242, doi: 10.1109/UR55393.2022.9826254.

Stoica, I. (2021). Experimental (Trial) Research. Salem Press Encyclopedia. https://eds-p-ebscohost-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/eds/detail/detail?vid=1&sid=d01c6dab-6686-47c9-b2fe-2f9a5c973400%40redis&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#AN=89164212&db=ers

A Sample Answer 2 For the Assignment: HLT-362 Topic 4 DQ 1: PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF EXPERIMENTAL, QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL, AND NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH FROM THE GCU LIBRARY AND EXPLAIN HOW EACH RESEARCH TYPE DIFFERS FROM THE OTHERS

Title:  HLT-362 Topic 4 DQ 1: PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF EXPERIMENTAL, QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL, AND NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH FROM THE GCU LIBRARY AND EXPLAIN HOW EACH RESEARCH TYPE DIFFERS FROM THE OTHERS

Your articles’ study of oral anticoagulation therapy initiation before and after national patient safety goals, the impact of the Scholarly Project on students’ perception of research skills, and System Design and Experimental Research of Cable-driven Hip Joint Power-assisted Exoskeleton were remarkable.

You are right.

Quasi experimental research aims to establish a cause-effect-relationship between an independent and a dependent variable. Quasi experiment does not rely on random assignment, instead, subjects are assigned to groups based on non-random criteria. Quasi-experimental design is a useful tool in situations where true experiments cannot be used for ethical or practical reasons. Example: You discover that a few of the psychotherapists in the clinic have decided to try out the new therapy, while others who teat similar patients chose to stick with the normal protocol. Although the groups were not randomly assigned, if you properly account for any systematic differences between them, you can be reasonably confident any differences must arise from the treatment and not other confounding variables.

Reference

Lauren Thomas, (2022). Quasi-Experimental Design: Definition, Types & Examples. Retrieved from https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/quasi-experimental-design/

A Sample Answer 3 For the Assignment: HLT-362 Topic 4 DQ 1: PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF EXPERIMENTAL, QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL, AND NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH FROM THE GCU LIBRARY AND EXPLAIN HOW EACH RESEARCH TYPE DIFFERS FROM THE OTHERS

Title:  HLT-362 Topic 4 DQ 1: PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF EXPERIMENTAL, QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL, AND NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH FROM THE GCU LIBRARY AND EXPLAIN HOW EACH RESEARCH TYPE DIFFERS FROM THE OTHERS

 An independent variable is a variable that is presumed to have an effect on another variable. Within the context of an experimental design it is the variable that the researcher is intentionally manipulating for the experiment (Flannelly et al., 2014). For example if a researcher was trying to experiment with how different forms of purposeful rounding affect overall patient outcome the manipulated variable in this example would be the different forms of purposeful rounding.

That is what the researcher is changing in order to make a difference with regard to the overall health outcome. A dependent variable is, quite simply, dependent, in that it depends, in some sense, on an independent variable. It is the dependent variable that the researcher is usually most interested in understanding and possibly interested in predicting (Flannelly et al., 2014).

Using the previous example a dependent variable acts as what the researcher is measuring as they change the independent variable so with regard to this case the dependent variable in the experimental design would be the overall health outcome.Those variables, which may or may not have an impact on the participants’ performance but are not included in the set of, are referred to as extraneous variables. (Abdul-Rahman et al., 2020). An example of extraneous variables with regard to the above example would be the specific patient, the patient’s specific health deficit or even the patient relationship with a nurse.

One method that can be used for the controlling of extraneous variables is the employment of constants. The experimenters considered them as extraneous variables, and controlled both of them by using constants (Abdul–Rahman et al., 2020). This means that outside the purposeful changing of the independent variable the researchers endeavor to keep every other aspect of the experiment the same. Another method to control extraneous variables is to incorporate them or take them into consideration when designing the experiment in the first place; this is called stratification or the organization of data while including extraneous variables as an independent variable. Another method to control extraneous variables is to incorporate them or take them into consideration when designing the experiment. This is called stratification or the organization of data while including extraneous variables as an independent variable.

Another way is to incorporate an extraneous variable as an independent variable in the study design. If age, for example, might have an effect on the relationship between the independent variable and dependent variable, the researcher can group participants into subgroups of different ages, say, 20 year-olds, 30 year-olds, 40 year-olds, and so forth. This method is called ‘‘stratification,’’ and the ‘‘effects’’ of stratified variables are usually included in the statistical analyses (Flannelly et al., 2014).

References

Abdul-Rahman, A., Chen, M., & Laidlaw, D. H. (2020). A survey of variables used in empirical studies for visualization. In Foundations of Data Visualization (pp. 161-179). Springer, Cham.

Flannelly, L., Flannelly, K., & Jankowski, K. B. (2014). Independent, Dependent, and Other Variables in Healthcare and Chaplaincy Research. Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy, 20(4), 161–170. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1080/08854726.2014.959374

A Sample Answer 4 For the Assignment: HLT-362 Topic 4 DQ 1: PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF EXPERIMENTAL, QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL, AND NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH FROM THE GCU LIBRARY AND EXPLAIN HOW EACH RESEARCH TYPE DIFFERS FROM THE OTHERS

Title:  HLT-362 Topic 4 DQ 1: PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF EXPERIMENTAL, QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL, AND NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH FROM THE GCU LIBRARY AND EXPLAIN HOW EACH RESEARCH TYPE DIFFERS FROM THE OTHERS

Experimental Research: Bagarić et al. (2022) conducted an experimental research study to investigate the nocebo effect. This type of research involves manipulating a variable (in this case, expectations regarding potential side effects of a treatment) to assess its effect on another variable (in this case, the experience of side effects). Experimental research is distinguished from other types of research by its manipulation of the independent variable and its use of random assignment to groups.

Quasi-Experimental Research: Zhang et al. (2023) conducted a quasi-experimental research study to investigate the impact of distance education on nursing students’ course performance during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Quasi-experimental research is similar to experimental research in that it involves manipulation of an independent variable. However, quasi-experimental research does not involve random assignment to groups, which makes it less rigorous than experimental research.

Nonexperimental Research: Kippenbrock et al. (2022) conducted a nonexperimental research study to investigate job satisfaction among nursing faculty in Canada and the United States. Nonexperimental research does not involve manipulation of a variable or random assignment to groups, and instead relies on existing data or information to draw conclusions.

Each type of research is different from another. Experimental research is a type of study in which the researcher has full control over the variables, manipulating them in a controlled environment to test a hypothesis or determine cause and effect. Quasi-experimental research is similar to experimental research but lacks the control of the variables.

In this type of research, the researcher cannot control the environment or the variables, instead relying on natural occurrences to observe cause and effect. Non-experimental research is often conducted through surveys and interviews and does not involve manipulating any variables. This type of research focuses on describing the current behavior of a population or group rather than determining cause and effect.

References

Bagarić, B., Jokić-Begić, N., & Sangster Jokić, C. (2022). The Nocebo Effect: A Review of Contemporary Experimental Research. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 29(3), 255–265. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1007/s12529-021-10016-y

Zhang, Y., Zhang, N., Liu, H., Kan, Y., & Zou, Y. (2023). The impact of distance education on nursing students course performance in a sino-foreign cooperative program during the onset of COVID-19: a quasi-experimental study. BMC Nursing, 22(1), 1–9. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1186/s12912-022-01136-1

Kippenbrock, T., Rosen, C. C., & Emory, J. (2022). Job Satisfaction Among Nursing Faculty in Canada and the United States. Journal of Nursing Education, 61(11), 617–623. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.3928/01484834-20220912-03

A Sample Answer 5 For the Assignment: HLT-362 Topic 4 DQ 1: PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF EXPERIMENTAL, QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL, AND NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH FROM THE GCU LIBRARY AND EXPLAIN HOW EACH RESEARCH TYPE DIFFERS FROM THE OTHERS

Title:  HLT-362 Topic 4 DQ 1: PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF EXPERIMENTAL, QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL, AND NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH FROM THE GCU LIBRARY AND EXPLAIN HOW EACH RESEARCH TYPE DIFFERS FROM THE OTHERS

You have made a great comparison between the three types of research designs: experimental, quasi-experimental, and nonexperimental. Each design has its own strengths and weaknesses and is used for different purposes. For example, experimental research is used to assess cause-and-effect relationships, while quasi-experimental and nonexperimental research are used to describe existing behaviors. These research designs can be incorporated into health care settings in different ways. For instance, experimental research could be used to test the efficacy of treatments or interventions, such as a new medication or a new type of therapy.

Quasi-experimental research can be used to investigate the effectiveness of policies or interventions, such as the impact of telemedicine on patient outcomes. Finally, nonexperimental research can be used to assess patient satisfaction with a particular health care setting or provider, or to assess the impact of a disease on a population. For example, Bhutani et al. (2020) used nonexperimental research to assess the impact of COVID-19 on hospital resources and patient outcomes in India. This type of research can provide valuable insight into the needs of a health care setting and the best ways to address those needs.

References

Bhutani, A., Jain, S., Prakash, S., & Singh, S. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on hospital resources and patient outcomes in India: A nonexperimental research study. BMC Research Notes, 13(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-020-05269-y

A Sample Answer 6 For the Assignment: HLT-362 Topic 4 DQ 1: PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF EXPERIMENTAL, QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL, AND NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH FROM THE GCU LIBRARY AND EXPLAIN HOW EACH RESEARCH TYPE DIFFERS FROM THE OTHERS

Title:  HLT-362 Topic 4 DQ 1: PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF EXPERIMENTAL, QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL, AND NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH FROM THE GCU LIBRARY AND EXPLAIN HOW EACH RESEARCH TYPE DIFFERS FROM THE OTHERS

medical informatics, the quasi-experimental, sometimes called the pre-post intervention, design often is used to evaluate the benefits of specific interventions. The increasing capacity of health care institutions to collect routine clinical data has led to the growing use of quasi-experimental study designs in the field of medical informatics as well as in other medical disciplines. However, little is written about these study designs in the medical literature or in traditional epidemiology textbooks. In contrast, the social sciences literature is replete with examples of ways to implement and improve quasi-experimental studies.

In this paper, we review the different pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study designs, their nomenclature, and the relative hierarchy of these designs with respect to their ability to establish causal associations between an intervention and an outcome. The example of a pharmacy order-entry system aimed at decreasing pharmacy costs will be used throughout this article to illustrate the different quasi-experimental designs.

We discuss limitations of quasi-experimental designs and offer methods to improve them. We also perform a systematic review of four years of publications from two informatics journals to determine the number of quasi-experimental studies, classify these studies into their application domains, determine whether the potential limitations of quasi-experimental studies were acknowledged by the authors, and place these studies into the above-mentioned relative hierarchy.

Mekhjian HS, Kumar RR, Kuehn L, Bentley TD, Teater P, Thomas A, et al. Immediate benefits realized following implementation of physician order entry at an academic medical center. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2002;9:529–39.

Thank you for your excellent examples and explanations of the various research designs. As healthcare providers and leaders within our units, it is important that we can succinctly differentiate the differences and apply the varying methods appropriately. In your example of experimental research, you point out that Bagarić et al. (2022) manipulates the independent variable in randomized groups. It is important to also compare the control group to thoroughly explore the effects or lack thereof. Additionally, your example of non-experimental research by Kippenbrock et al., (2022) is a great example of the research method as well an example of qualitative research.

References

Bagarić, B., Jokić-Begić, N., & Sangster Jokić, C. (2022). The Nocebo Effect: A Review of Contemporary Experimental Research. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 29(3), 255–265. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1007/s12529-021-10016-y

Kippenbrock, T., Rosen, C. C., & Emory, J. (2022). Job Satisfaction Among Nursing Faculty in Canada and the United States. Journal of Nursing Education, 61(11), 617–623. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.3928/01484834-20220912-03

A Sample Answer 7 For the Assignment: HLT-362 Topic 4 DQ 1: PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF EXPERIMENTAL, QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL, AND NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH FROM THE GCU LIBRARY AND EXPLAIN HOW EACH RESEARCH TYPE DIFFERS FROM THE OTHERS

Title:  HLT-362 Topic 4 DQ 1: PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF EXPERIMENTAL, QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL, AND NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH FROM THE GCU LIBRARY AND EXPLAIN HOW EACH RESEARCH TYPE DIFFERS FROM THE OTHERS

Experimental research is a study conducted with a scientific approach using two sets of variables (Bhat, 2020). It is a powerful tool for understanding cause and effect relationships. It allows researchers to manipulate variables and observe the effects, which is crucial for understanding how different factors influence the outcome of a study. Furthermore, it allows researchers to test theories, develop new products, and make groundbreaking discoveries (Bhat, 2020). 

An example of experimental research was conducted by Piro et al. (2020) to demonstrate how breastfeeding self-efficacy significantly influences breastfeeding outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of nursing intervention on mother’s breastfeeding self-efficacy. In this experimental investigation, 130 pregnant women who attended a primary health care center were randomly assigned to the experimental groups. The present investigation suggested that antenatal breastfeeding education is an effective way to increase the level of breastfeeding self-efficacy, which increases exclusive breastfeeding practice (Piro et al, 2020).

A quasi-experimental design is like experimental design. However, the only difference is that the quasi-experimental design employs a non-random criterion while assigning subjects to groups. It aims to identify the cause-and-effect relationship between the independent and dependent variable (Bhat, 2020).

An example of quasi- experimental research was conducted by James et al. (2020) from 94 nurses between November 2018 and March 2020 to determine the extent of changes in cognition and sleepiness in nurses working three consecutive 12-hour shifts, quantify the respective impacts of these changes on different aspects of nursing performance, and investigate individual differences in all measures. Overall results indicated nurses on both shifts mostly maintain their abilities on the simulated nursing performance assessment despite reporting increased sleepiness and fatigue. However, there was more individual variation in cognition and some domains of performance (James et al, 2020).

Lastly, non-experimental research is the type of research that does not involve the manipulation of control or independent variables (Bhat, 2020). The researchers measure variables as they naturally occur without any further manipulation. This type of research is used when the researcher has no specific research question about a causal relationship between two different variables, and manipulation of the independent variable is impossible (Bhat, 2020). 

An example of a non-experimental study was carried out by Mahale et al. (2021) among 100 patients and 100 family members with the aim to assess the knowledge of the patients and family members regarding written consent in hospital practice. A non -probability purpose sampling technique was used and was statically analyzed after collecting the data through structured knowledge questionnaire and opinion questionnaire was prepared for data collection. The findings of the study showed that most patients and family members had average knowledge about written consents. In addition to this, the age of patient’s demographic variables is significantly associated with knowledge score regarding written consent in hospital practice (Mahale et al, 2021).

Each type of research design mentioned above is different. In the experimental research design the researcher has full control over the variables, manipulating them in a controlled environment to test a hypothesis or determine cause and effect. Quasi-experimental research is like experimental research but lacks the control of the variables (Bhat, 2020). The researcher cannot control the environment or the variables, instead relying on natural occurrences to observe cause and effect. Non-experimental research is often conducted through surveys and interviews and does not involve manipulating any variables. It focuses on describing the current behavior of a sample rather than determining cause and effect (Bhat, 2020).

References

Bhat. (2020). Experimental Research. Retrieved from https://www.questionpro.com/blog/experimental-research

James et al. (2021). The effects of three consecutive 12-hour shifts on cognition, sleepiness, and domains of nursing performance in day and night shift nurses. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34411842

Mahale et al. (2021). A-Non-Experimental study to assess the knowledge and opinion regarding written consent in hospital practice among patients and family members in selected health care institute of Pune city. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Archala-Khemnar/publication/362518767y

Piro et al. (2020). Impacts of antenatal nursing interventions on mothers’ breastfeeding self-efficacy: an experimental study. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2701-0