GLOBAL HEALTHCARE COMPARISON MATRIX AND NARRATIVE STATEMENT NURS 6050

Walden University GLOBAL HEALTHCARE COMPARISON MATRIX AND NARRATIVE STATEMENT NURS 6050-Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Walden University GLOBAL HEALTHCARE COMPARISON MATRIX AND NARRATIVE STATEMENT NURS 6050 assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for GLOBAL HEALTHCARE COMPARISON MATRIX AND NARRATIVE STATEMENT NURS 6050                     

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Walden University GLOBAL HEALTHCARE COMPARISON MATRIX AND NARRATIVE STATEMENT NURS 6050 depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for GLOBAL HEALTHCARE COMPARISON MATRIX AND NARRATIVE STATEMENT NURS 6050                     

The introduction for the Walden University GLOBAL HEALTHCARE COMPARISON MATRIX AND NARRATIVE STATEMENT NURS 6050 is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for GLOBAL HEALTHCARE COMPARISON MATRIX AND NARRATIVE STATEMENT NURS 6050                     

After the introduction, move into the main part of the GLOBAL HEALTHCARE COMPARISON MATRIX AND NARRATIVE STATEMENT NURS 6050 assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for GLOBAL HEALTHCARE COMPARISON MATRIX AND NARRATIVE STATEMENT NURS 6050                     

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for GLOBAL HEALTHCARE COMPARISON MATRIX AND NARRATIVE STATEMENT NURS 6050                     

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

Stuck? Let Us Help You

Completing assignments can sometimes be overwhelming, especially with the multitude of academic and personal responsibilities you may have. If you find yourself stuck or unsure at any point in the process, don’t hesitate to reach out for professional assistance. Our assignment writing services are designed to help you achieve your academic goals with ease. 

Our team of experienced writers is well-versed in academic writing and familiar with the specific requirements of the GLOBAL HEALTHCARE COMPARISON MATRIX AND NARRATIVE STATEMENT NURS 6050 assignment. We can provide you with personalized support, ensuring your assignment is well-researched, properly formatted, and thoroughly edited. Get a feel of the quality we guarantee – ORDER NOW. 

GLOBAL HEALTHCARE COMPARISON MATRIX AND NARRATIVE STATEMENT NURS 6050

GLOBAL HEALTHCARE COMPARISON MATRIX AND NARRATIVE STATEMENT NURS 6050

HIV/AIDS is one of the health problems that are of concern to public health globally. HIV/AIDs is associated with significant burden to the patients, their significant others and the population as a whole. The effect of HIV/AIDS can be seen from the high cost associated with its treatment as well as loss of productivity in the affected populations. HIV/AIDs also has significant effects on the overall socioeconomic development in a state. Therefore, this paper compares the policy approaches adopted to address HIV/AIDs in the USA and Canada.

Global Healthcare Issue	HIV/AIDS
Description	HIV/AIDS is one of the health problems that are affecting a significant proportion of population globally. The treatment of HIV/AIDs has been improving over the past years with better outcomes due to technological advancements and new interventions for the disease. HIV/AIDS is a problem experienced in both the US and Canada. Statistics shows that about 1.2 million people in America have HIV/AIDS. The prevalence is reported to be high in specific groups such as ethnic minorities when compared to the native populations (hiv.gov, 2021). In Canada, the incidence rate of HIV/AIDS is reported to be 6 per every 100000 people. The estimated number of people living with HIV is 62050 (Haddad et al., 2019). The burden of HIV/AIDs is significantly high in both governments. As a result, they have embraced policies that aim at improving the safety, quality, and access to care for people affected by HIV/AIDS.
Country	United States	Canada
Describe the policy in each country related to the identified healthcare issue	The US government has embraced a number of interventions to address the issue of HIV/AIDs. It adopted the National HIV/AIDS Strategy for use in implementing response and management of the epidemic. Through the strategy, the US government has increased its funding on programs that aim at addressing the disease. It has also increase its screening services to facilitate the early diagnosis and treatment of patients. The government has also increased the access to healthcare for patients with HIV/AIDs through programs such as Medicare and Medicaid (Panagiotoglou et al., 2018).	The government of Canada has also invested its resources in initiatives that aim at the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDs. The government through its initiatives supports programs that aim at creating awareness in the population about HIV/AIDs. The government also works closely with other agencies to empower the populations address the issue of HIV/AIDs (Bourgeois et al., 2017).
What are the strengths of this policy?	One of the strengths of the policy adopted by the US to address HIV/AIDs is its focus on disease prevention and early management. The policy also addresses barriers to healthcare for patients with HIV. It also promotes health promotion through early diagnosis and treatment (Beyrer, 2021).	The policy by the Canadian government is associated with the strength of promoting population empowerment. It also mobilizes the use of the locally available resources to address issues related to HIV/AIDs. There is also the increased focus on community participation in addressing the health issue (Haddad et al., 2018).
What are the weaknesses of this policy?	The policy strategy utilized in the US does not account for the actual unmet needs of the populations affected by HIV/AIDS. The policy also ignores the critical resources that are needed for the effective management of the epidemic. Lastly, the approach to funding the implementation of strategies is not provided. Therefore, it might be difficult to implement most of the strategies to address HIV/AIDS.	The policy of HIV/AIDS management in Canada has the weakness of providing a comprehensive analysis of the sustainability of HIV/AIDS prevention and management strategies. It also lacks an effective framework for continuous improvement of the policy provisions.
Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the specified global health issue. (Be specific and provide examples)	Social determinants of health may affect HIV/AIDS management and prevention in the US in a number of ways. Social determinants such as socioeconomic status affect access to high quality care among the affected populations. People with high socioeconomic status are likely to access the care that they need to affordability of care when compared to low socioeconomic status. Factors such as ethnicity also affect HIV/AIDS. For example, the prevalence of HIV/AIDS is higher in ethnic minority groups such as African Americans when compared to native Americans. Employment status also affects HIV/AIDs. In this case, lack of employment predisposes individuals to engaging in risky sexual behaviors such as prostitution, which predisposes them to HIV/AIDS (Jeffries & Henny, 2019).	Income level is one of the social determinants of health that relates to HIV/AIDS in Canada. People with high income experience enhanced health outcomes in relation to HIV/AIDS when compared to low income earners. The level of income influences access and affordability of high quality care. Level of education is the other determinant of health that relates to HIV/AIDS. Level of education influences awareness about the causes, risks, treatment, and prevention of HIV/AIDS. For example, educated populations that are well informed about HIV/AIDS are least likely to engage in practices that predispose them to the epidemic when compared to the illiterate persons. The influence can also  be seen from the utilization of preventive and health promotion services for people living with HIV/AIDS (Gormley et al., 2020).
How has each country’ government addressed cost, quality, and access to the selected global health issue?	The US government has addressed issue of cost, quality and access to care for HIV/AIDS patients through programs such as Medicare and Medicaid. Patients also have access to free anti-retroviral medications. Testing and counseling for HIV/AIDs for the population are also free. The government also adopted the Affordable Care Act that increased the ability of the population, including those affected by HIV/AIDS to access the care that they need (Panagiotoglou et al., 2018).	The government of Canada through its provinces provides partial or full coverage for antiretroviral medications for its affected populations. Through it, the cost-burden of medications is reduced. The government through programs such as Trillum Drug Program also addresses issues of cost, access and quality by covering the costs of medications for the population. Screening services for patients with HIV/AIDs and the population are also free (Gormley et al., 2020).
How has the identified health policy impacted the health of the global population? (Be specific and provide examples)	The National HIV/AIDS strategy has increased access to high quality and affordable care for patients affected by HIV/AIDs. The policy has also increased the lifespan of the patients due to reduced complications and worsening of outcomes. The policy has also led to increased productivity among the affected populations due to reduced hospitalization, hospital visits, and costs of care.	The policy on increased funding for HIV/AIDS programs adopted by the Canadian government has enhanced access to care for the patients. It has also expanded access to preventive and screening services for the population. It has also addressed barriers to care such as cost that people living with HIV/AIDS experience.
Describe the potential impact of the identified health policy on the role of nurse in each country.	The impact of the policy on the role of the nurses is that nurses have to act as advocates for the people with HIV/AIDS. Nurses have to ensure equity in access to and use of HIV/AIDS-related care and services. They also have to educate the public about the benefits of HIV/AIDs screening, early treatment and prevention strategies (Mottiar & Lodge, 2018).	The impact of the policy adopted by the Canadian government on the role of nurses is that nurses have to advocate the adoption of better policies to address the needs of patients with HIV/AIDs. The majority of care services for HIV/AIDs in Canada are not universally covered in government programs for health. The implication is the high cost of care incurred by people with HIV/AIDs. Nurses therefore have the role of advocating the adoption of policies that address barriers to care for people with HIV/AIDS (Mottiar & Lodge, 2018).
Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. (Be specific and provide examples)	HIV/AIDS affect local healthcare organizations and policies in America. HIV/AIDs cause significant burden to the affected populations in America. It also contributes to high expenditure by the state in addressing the needs of the affected populations. It also affects policies by increasing the need for policy provisions that expand access to care for the affected populations. For example, besides the Affordable Care Act, Medicare, and Medicaid, the state has to adopt new policies or policy improvements to address the social determinants of health in populations affected by HIV/AIDS (hiv.gov, 2021).	HIV/AIDS also affects local healthcare organizations and policies in Canada. An increasing prevalence of HIV/AIDs results in increased care needs and workload in healthcare organizations. It also increases the burden of the disease to the patients and significant others due to issues such as costs and loss of productivity. As noted earlier, Canada does not have universal coverage programs for HIV/AIDs patients. As a result, it increases the need for the adoption of more inclusive policies for HIV/AIDs in the state (Bourgeois et al., 2017).
General Notes/Comments

Conclusion

            In conclusion, HIV/AIDs is an issue of concern for both the US and Canada. The US and Canada have adopted policies aiming at improving quality, cost and access to care for HIV/AIDs. The policies have a number of strengths as well as weaknesses. Nurses have a unique responsibility of ensuring that the policies adopted address the barriers to care experienced by patients with HIV/AIDs. Therefore, they should advocate the prioritization of the care needs of people with HIV/AIDs in policy-related issues.

Part 2

            An effective plan of social change to address HIV/AIDS locally and internationally is embracing multi-sectorial and stakeholder interventions for health. The interventions should adopt the global perspective because of their ability to promote inclusiveness in care as well as the realization of care needs of the diverse patient populations. I would therefore advocate the incorporation of global perspectives into my practice and role as a nurse through a number of ways. One of them is through creation of awareness. I will work with other nurses to create awareness among healthcare providers on the importance of global perspective. I will also link nurses with other nurses globally for them to share ideas on the ways in which enhanced health outcomes can be achieved in HIV/AIDS management. I will also champion the use of globally recognized, evidence-based interventions in addressing HIV/AIDS (Catton, 2020). Through the above interventions, I will be advocating the use of global perspective in my practice as a nurse leader.

            The incorporation of the global perspective in addressing HIV/AIDS may impact my local practice and as a nurse leader. Firstly, global perspective builds the desired cultural competence in nurses and nurse leaders. It enables them to understand the unique approaches to care that can be used in their practice to improve outcomes of care. Global perspective also advances the knowledge, skills, and experience of nurses and nurse leaders. Nurses and nurse leaders learn about new aspects of practice that can be used to advance patient care. Global perspective also strengthens system understanding of the nurses and nurse leaders. Nurses understand the critical determinants of inter-professional and international relationships that should be incorporated into care for optimum outcomes (Yatsu & Saeki, 2021).

            Incorporation of global perspective into my local practice as a nurse leader contributes to social change. Firstly, it increases the cultural competence that I need in working with patients and individuals from diverse backgrounds. The global lens also strengthens my understanding of the system and structural changes that are needed in nursing practice to address the needs of the diverse populations. For example, it increases my understanding of interventions such as research, innovation, and evidence-based practice in addressing global issues affecting health. Therefore, the understanding is a critical source of social change in my practice.

References

Beyrer, C. (2021). Work undone—HIV/AIDS in the USA. Science, 372(6549), 1369–1369. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abk0619

Bourgeois, A., Edmunds, M., Awan, A., Jonah, L., Varsaneux, O., & Siu, W. (2017). HIV in Canada—Surveillance Report, 2016. Canada Communicable Disease Report, 43(12), 248–256. https://doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v43i12a01

Catton, H. (2020). Global nursing leadership: Alive and kicking in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. International Nursing Review, 67(3), 301–302. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12623

Gormley, R., Lin, S. Y., Carter, A., Nicholson, V., Webster, K., Martin, R. E., Milloy, M.-J., Pick, N., Howard, T., Wang, L., de Pokomandy, A., Loutfy, M., Kaida, A., Abdul-Noor, R., Anema, A., Angel, J., Bakombo, D. M., Barry, F., Bauer, G., … on behalf of the CHIWOS Research Team. (2020). Social Determinants of Health and Retention in HIV Care Among Recently Incarcerated Women Living with HIV in Canada. AIDS and Behavior, 24(4), 1212–1225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-019-02666-7

Haddad, N., Li, J., Totten, S., & McGuire, M. (2018). HIV in Canada—Surveillance Report, 2017. Canada Communicable Disease Report, 44(12), 324–332. https://doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v44i12a03

Haddad, N., Robert, A., Weeks, A., Popovic, N., Siu, W., & Archibald, C. (2019). HIV in Canada—Surveillance Report, 2018. Canada Communicable Disease Report, 45(12), 304–312. https://doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v45i12a01

hiv.gov. (2021, June 2). U.S. Statistics. HIV.Gov. https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/data-and-trends/statistics

Jeffries, W. L., & Henny, K. D. (2019). From Epidemiology to Action: The Case for Addressing Social Determinants of Health to End HIV in the Southern United States. AIDS and Behavior, 23(3), 340–346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-019-02687-2

Mottiar, S., & Lodge, T. (2018). The role of community health workers in supporting South Africa’s HIV/ AIDS treatment programme. African Journal of AIDS Research, 17(1), 54–61. https://doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2017.1402793

Panagiotoglou, D., Olding, M., Enns, B., Feaster, D. J., del Rio, C., Metsch, L. R., Granich, R. M., Strathdee, S. A., Marshall, B. D. L., Golden, M. R., Shoptaw, S., Schackman, B. R., Nosyk, B., Del Rio, C., Dombrowski, J. C., Feaster, D. J., Gebo, K. A., Golden, M. R., Granich, R. M., … the Localized HIV Modeling Study Group. (2018). Building the Case for Localized Approaches to HIV: Structural Conditions and Health System Capacity to Address the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Six US Cities. AIDS and Behavior, 22(9), 3071–3082. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-018-2166-6

Yatsu, H., & Saeki, A. (2021). Current trends in global nursing: A scoping review. Nursing Open, n/a(n/a). https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.938

Portfolio Assignment: Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement

Use this document to complete the Module 6 Assessment Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement.
Click here to ORDER an A++ paper from our Verified MASTERS and DOCTORATE WRITERS GLOBAL HEALTHCARE COMPARISON MATRIX AND NARRATIVE STATEMENT NURS 6050:

Global Healthcare Issue	HIV& AIDS
Description	The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks cells of the immune system and impairs or destroys their function. The attack and infection by the virus cause gradual deterioration of the immune system resulting in immune deficiency (Deeks, Overbaugh, Phillips & Buchbinder, 2015). Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a term that refers to the most advanced stages of HIV infection. AIDS is diagnosed when there is a manifestation of any of more than 20 opportunistic infections or HIV-related cancers.
Country	United States	Canada
Describe the policy in each country related to the identified healthcare issue	Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS. In June 2001, 189 national governments including the US took up the policy on the Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS, at the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS (UNGASS) (Assembly, 2015). The policy commits the US government to improve its response to the domestic AIDS epidemic and set targets for financing, policies, and programming of AIDS programs. The UNGASS Declaration commits the US government to do the following: Allocate adequate resources to address the domestic epidemic. Establish HIV prevention targets and address issues that increase people’s vulnerability to infection (Assembly, 2015). Attain the highest attainable standard of AIDS treatment. Enact protections to eliminate discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS (Assembly, 2015). Develop appropriate program monitoring and evaluation systems.	Federal Initiative to Address HIV/AIDS in Canada This is a key policy of the Government of Canada’s comprehensive approach to HIV/AIDs. The Federal Initiative funds HIV/AIDS prevention and support programs directed to key priority populations (Public Health Agency of Canada [PHAC], 2012). It also funds for research, public awareness, surveillance, and evaluation programs.   The Federal Initiative policy indicates a renewed and enhanced role in the Canadian response to HIV/AIDS. The goals of the policy are to: Prevent the acquisition and transmission of new infections. Delay the progression of the disease and improve quality of life (PHAC, 2012). Lessen the social and economic impact of HIV/AIDS Contribute to the global effort to reduce the spread of HIV and mitigate the effects of the disease.
What are the strengths of this policy?	The Declaration policy requires that the government performs periodic reviews to evaluate progress on realizing their UNGASS commitments. Secondly, the Declarations urges the government to involve civil society and people living with HIV/AIDS in the review process (Assembly, 2015). The policy highlights that an effective response to HIV/AIDS should be grounded in respect for the rights of people living with HIV/AIDS. It gives priority to vulnerable groups such as children, women, and other groups who are at the highest risk and susceptible to new infections (Assembly, 2015).	The Federal initiative has policy directions that guide federal action. The policy promotes coherent action at the local, national, and global level by individuals, organizations, and systems that are involved in the HIV/AIDS response (PHAC, 2012). This has been vital in attaining the goals of the Federal initiative. In addition, the Federal Initiative policy promotes integrated treatment for people living with HIV/AIDS due to their complex health needs and vulnerability to communicable diseases (PHAC, 2012).
What are the weaknesses of this policy?	The policy does not offer a comprehensive national strategy to address HIV/AIDS in key areas such as prevention, support services, and treatment.	The Federal Initiative policy does not provide directions on how knowledge from research and surveillance should be shared and applied to policy and practice to advance public health action in HIV/AIDS.
Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the specified global health issue.	Social stratification by race and economic class in the US may impact the HIV epidemic, by increasing individuals’ vulnerability to HIV infection and hindering access to, and utilization of, HIV-related care. HIV is more prevalent in individuals who are faced with poverty, poor health care, inadequate education, unemployment, and “social disintegration.”	Individuals living in poverty are more vulnerable to HIV infections and mortality related to AIDS due to lack of access to health services where they can be tested and provided preventive services. Stigma and discrimination faced by key populations, insufficient funds, and lack of inclusion of Marginalized groups such as sex workers and drug users are key challenges in the response to HIV/AIDS.
How has each country’ government addressed cost, quality, and access to the selected global health issue?	HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment services are financed by a wide range of public and private sources at the federal, state, and local level. Programs such as Medicaid and Medicare have facilitated access to treatment and support services for Americans.	The Federal Initiative is funded by the Public Health Agency of Canada’s HIV and Hepatitis C Community Action Fund. The Action fund supports excellent community programming that addresses priority public health issues (PHAC, 2012). The Agency invests $26.4 million a year in community-based programs across the country to address HIV, hepatitis C and other sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections (STBBI) (Bourgeois et al., 2017).
How has the identified health policy impacted the health of the global population? (Be specific and provide examples)	The HIV/AIDS policy has helped to improve HIV testing rates among Americans and has increased the population that is aware of their HIV status. It has enhanced the treatment of people living with HIV/AIDS, including treatment of opportunistic infections which contribute to the highest mortality rates.	Through the Federal initiative policy, Canada has supported HIV/AIDS research and prevention activities. The policy has facilitated access to diagnosis, treatment, and care particularly for vulnerable populations (PHAC, 2012). This has contributed to a low general HIV prevalence and decreased infection rates in Canada. Furthermore, the policy has contributed to the global effort to reduce the spread of HIV and mitigate the impact of the disease (PHAC, 2012).
Describe the potential impact of the identified health policy on the role of the nurse in each country.	The nurse has a role of providing testing services for HIV and referring individuals who have tested positive for the virus for treatment services (Deeks et al., 2015). Besides, the nurse is obliged to provide HIV/AIDS preventive services to all individuals to lower HIV infections rates in the US.	The policy has influenced nurses to promote greater integration of HIV/AIDS prevention, care and treatment interventions with those of other diseases (Bourgeois et al., 2017).
Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. (Be specific and provide examples)	Global health issues are a threat to the health of US citizens. Local health organizations are economically affected, as their resources are often strained. Health policies are also modified to direct the emergency response of the health issues.	The Public Health department in Canada builds alliances at the national, regional and community level with healthcare organizations to address health concerns (PHAC, 2012). It also involves consumers and communities in planning and program development to address global health issues.
General Notes/Comments	The HIV/AIDS policy needs to be modified to address the need for an effective way of targeting resources to deal with racial disparities. An outcome-oriented strategic plan also needs to be developed to improve prevention and HIV/AIDS treatment.	The Federal Initiative is in line with the mandate of each federal government partners. The policy has outlined a clear role of the federal government, which includes national and international leadership, coordination and knowledge translation for HIV/AIDS prevention, diagnosis, care, treatment, support and research.

References

Assembly, U. U. N. G. (2015). Final declaration of commitment on HIV/AIDS (A/s-26/L. 2). New York; 2011.

Bourgeois, A. C., Edmunds, M., Awan, A., Jonah, L., Varsaneux, O., & Siu, W. (2017). Can we eliminate HIV? HIV in Canada—surveillance report, 2016. Canada Communicable Disease Report, 43(12), 248.

Deeks, S. G., Overbaugh, J., Phillips, A., & Buchbinder, S. (2015). HIV infection. Nature reviews Disease primers, 1(1), 1-22.

Public Health Agency of Canada. (2012). Government of Canada. Retrieved from https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/hiv-aids/federal-initiative-address-hiv-aids-canada/strengthening-federal-action-canadian-response-hiv-aids/hiv-aids/federal-initiative-address-hiv-aids-canada.html

Note: This Assignment is due on Day 5 of Week 11.

If you talk about a possible poor health outcome, do you believe that outcome will occur? Do you believe eye contact and personal contact should be avoided?

You would have a difficult time practicing as a nurse if you believed these to be true. But they are very real beliefs in some cultures.

Differences in cultural beliefs, subcultures, religion, ethnic customs, dietary customs, language, and a host of other factors contribute to the complex environment that surrounds global healthcare issues. Failure to understand and account for these differences can create a gulf between practitioners and the public they serve.

In this Assignment, you will examine a global health issue and consider the approach to this issue by the United States and by one other country.

To Prepare:

• Review the World Health Organization’s (WHO) global health agenda and select one global health issue to focus on for this Assignment.
• Select at least one additional country to compare to the U.S. for this Assignment.
• Reflect on how the global health issue you selected is approached in the U.S. and in the additional country you selected.
• Review and download the Global Health Comparison Matrix provided in the Resources.

The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Global Health Comparison Matrix; 1-page Plan for Social Change)

Part 1: Global Health Comparison Matrix

Focusing on the country you selected and the U.S., complete the Global Health Comparison Matrix. Be sure to address the following:

• Consider the U.S. national/federal health policies that have been adapted for the global health issue you selected from the WHO global health agenda. Compare these policies to the additional country you selected for study.
• Explain the strengths and weaknesses of each policy.
• Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the global health issue you selected. Be specific and provide examples.
• Using the WHO’s Organization’s global health agenda as well as the results of your own research, analyze how each country’s government addresses cost, quality, and access to the global health issue selected.
• Explain how the health policy you selected might impact the health of the global population. Be specific and provide examples.
• Explain how the health policy you selected might impact the role of the nurse in each country.
• Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. Be specific and provide examples.

Part 2: A Plan for Social Change

Reflect on the global health policy comparison and analysis you conducted in Part 1 of the Assignment and the impact that global health issues may have on the world, the U.S., your community, as well as your practice as a nurse leader.

In a 1-page response, create a plan for social change that incorporates a global perspective or lens into your local practice and role as a nurse leader.

• Explain how you would advocate for the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into your local practice and role as a nurse leader.
• Explain how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens might impact your local practice and role as a nurse leader.
• Explain how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into your local practice as a nurse leader represents and contributes to social change. Be specific and provide examples

By Day 5 of Week 11

Submit Part 1 and Part 2 of your Assignment.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has been actively involved in promoting and protecting the health of populations globally. Thus, WHO interventions focus on all areas of the global healthcare spectrum to address global health issues. Global health issues usually necessitate worldwide cooperation in response, planning, prevention, preparedness, and management that display health equity issues among countries (Da Silva Fagundes et al.,2018). The purpose of this paper is to discuss a global health issue and health policies enacted to address the issue in the US versus Australia.

.

Global Healthcare Issue	Access to COVID-19 tests, medicines, and vaccines
Description	Any Covid-19 tests, treatments, and vaccines developed should benefit the whole world. Equitable access to Covid-19 tests, medicines, and vaccines means that: They are available to people who need them most.They have suitable options for all healthcare settings.Safe and effective options are accessed by all groups of people.They are affordable to low- and high-income countries alike.
Country	United States	Australia
Describe the policy in each country related to the identified healthcare issue	The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act.The policy requires group health plans and individual health insurance policies to cover any qualifying COVID-19 preventive service, without cost-sharing. The policy also adds that COVID-19 tests are to be covered without cost-sharing by private insurance and Medicare, even if that test is yet to receive FDA emergency use authorization (Moss et al., 2020).Medicaid must also cover COVID tests regardless of whether they are authorized for emergency use by the FDA.	Australian COVID-19 Vaccination Policy. The policy states that the COVID-19 vaccine will be free for all Medicare-eligible Australians and all visa-holders, excluding visa sub-classes. When COVID-19 vaccines are available, supplies will initially be limited and directed toward priority groups for vaccination (Attwell et al., 2021).
What are the strengths of this policy?	The policy expands Medicaid coverage and increases access to COVID-19 tests, treatments, and vaccines to US citizens.	The policy supports early access to and delivery of safe and effective COVID-19 treatments and vaccines as soon as they become available (Attwell et al., 2021).
What are the weaknesses of this policy?	The policy does not consider individuals without health insurance or have a provision to increase access to COVID-19 tests, treatments, and vaccines for the uninsured (Moss et al., 2020).	The policy requires mandatory vaccination for a majority of occupations and workforces, which is against individuals’ right to autonomy (Attwell et al., 2021).
Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the specified global health issue. (Be specific and provide examples)	Individuals with limited access to healthcare due to lack of insurance may lack access to COVID-19 tests, medications, and vaccines.Thus, they may experience poor health outcomes due to delayed diagnosis and treatment or lack of vaccination (Paremoer et al., 2021).	Individuals with limited access to healthcare due to lack of insurance may lack access to COVID-19 tests, medications, and vaccines (Paremoer et al., 2021). Thus, they may experience poor health outcomes due to delayed diagnosis and treatment or lack of vaccination.
How has each country government addressed cost, quality, and access to the selected global health issue?	The US provides consumer protections on balance billing for COVID-19 tests.The government has increased some Medicare payments for treating patients with COVID-19 (Lukens et al., 2022).It increases access by requiring coverage of any COVID-19 vaccine without cost-sharing.	The Australian government has given a directive that charges should not be levied on consumers for COVID-19 immunization (Attwell et al., 2021).
How has the identified health policy impacted the health of the global population? (Be specific and provide examples)	The health policy has increased access to healthcare for COVID-19 patients.The policy successfully improved access to critical services, prevented coverage loss, increased continuity of coverage, and made coverage more affordable when Americans needed it most.	The policy promoted equity in access to COVID-19 treatments and vaccines.Thus, the people who needed the vaccines most, such as healthcare workers and vulnerable populations, received the vaccine first.
Describe the potential impact of the identified health policy on the role of nurse in each country.	The nurse has the role of ensuring that individuals are tested for COVID-19 and receive appropriate treatments and vaccinations regardless of their insurance status (Da Silva Fagundes et al., 2018).Adequate treatment of persons with COVID-19 is essential since it controls the spread of the virus, lowering the number of new cases.	The nurse has the role of ensuring that individuals are tested for COVID-19 and receive appropriate treatments and vaccinations regardless of their insurance status (Da Silva Fagundes et al., 2018).Adequate treatment of persons with COVID-19 is essential since it controls the spread of the virus, lowering the number of newly infected cases.
Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. (Be specific and provide examples)	Global health issues strain local healthcare organizations in the US, leading to poor coordination and delivery of healthcare services. Healthcare organizations often encounter challenges in workforce and finances when there are pandemics like the COVID-19 pandemic.	Global health issues create a significant financial strain on local health organizations in Australia.Many resources are channeled towards managing the adverse effects caused by the health issue, including treatment and rehabilitation.The state and local governments are forced to create or modify health policies to direct the response to global health issues.
General Notes/Comments	The CARES Act promotes health equity in the access to COVID-19 tests, treatments, and vaccinations since any insurance provides coverage without cost sharing.	The COVID-19 vaccine was the best approach to protect the Australian community.The policy aimed to promote early access to and delivery of safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines and treatments for all Australians.

Part 2: A Plan for Social Change

Access to COVID-19 tests, medicines, and vaccines is one sure way of controlling the COVID-19 spread and fighting the pandemic that has taken the lives of hundreds of thousands globally and left the healthcare systems overwhelmed. Thus, it is crucial for healthcare advocates to direct their advocacy initiatives to ensure health equity and accessibility for tests, treatments, and vaccines for COVID-19. Advocacy initiatives should champion policies that ensure treatments and vaccines are available for all populations regardless of their insurance status, which is the only way to curb the pandemic.

As a nurse leader, I have the role of championing health equity in the COVID-19 vaccination to ensure all individuals access vaccines in the fight against the pandemic. For example, I can take part in developing policies and presenting them to elected legislators to address the challenges faced by individuals in accessing COVID-19 treatment and vaccines. I can propose and champion a policy that provides free treatment and vaccines for all citizens (Da Silva Fagundes et al., 2018). The policy can also include vaccination outreach programs to increase accessibility to vaccines, especially for people living in remote areas with limited transportation options. In addition, I can organize community education programs to educate individuals about COVID-19 vaccines and the importance of getting vaccinated to control the spread of the disease.  

Incorporating a global perspective may significantly impact my local practice since there will be increased access to healthcare for the patient populations served, thus resulting in better healthcare outcomes. It will also lower the spread of communicable diseases like COVID-19 infections and reduce the health complications, morbidities, and mortalities associated with these infections, thus reducing related healthcare costs (Da Silva Fagundes et al., 2018). This will promote social change since more people will be aware of approaches to reduce the spread of communicable diseases like vaccination. Thus, they may embrace other vaccinations, like Influenza vaccines which will lower the burden of infectious diseases.

Conclusion

Access to COVID-19 tests, medicines, and vaccines is a global health issue since this plays a key role in curbing the pandemic. Countries have enacted policies to ensure their citizens access tests, treatments, and vaccines, which will promote the control of the virus. The US has the CARES act, which promotes access to COVID-19 treatments and vaccines by requiring insurance providers to cover these services without cost sharing. Australia’s COVID-19 vaccination policy directs all individuals to access vaccines at no cost. 

References

Attwell, K., Rizzi, M., McKenzie, L., Carlson, S. J., Roberts, L., Tomkinson, S., & Blyth, C. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine Mandates: An Australian attitudinal study. Vaccine, S0264-410X(21)01530-9. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.11.056

Da Silva Fagundes, L., Frota, O. P., & Silva, E. M. (2018). Nursing practices in vaccination: An integrative review. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 8(8), 128-136. https://doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v8n8p128

Lukens, G., Sullivan, J., & Erzouki, F. (2022). COVID Relief Provisions Stabilized Health Coverage, Improved Access and Affordability. CBPP, March, p. 10.

Moss, K., Wexler, A., Dawson, L., Long, M., Kates, J., Cubanski, J., … & Pollitz, K. (2020). The coronavirus aid, relief, and economic security act: Summary of key health provisions. San Francisco: Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation.

Paremoer, L., Nandi, S., Serag, H., & Baum, F. (2021). Covid-19 pandemic and the social determinants of health. Bmj, 372. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n129

Global Health Comparison Grid Template 

Use this document to complete the Module 6 Assessment Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement 

Part 1 

Global Healthcare Issue	Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals: Secure Healthcare Solutions
Description	As the world continues to embrace technology, the amount of data available to corporations and governments are increasing at unanticipated rates. While this trend offers an opportunity for the global society to improve public health through sustainable solutions, it poses a great threat to system users (healthcare consumers and organizations) with respect to data security. In the wake of this realization, regimes are compelled to seek options that will safeguard individual privacy through strategic collaborations while promoting public health outcomes in the long-run.
Country	United States	China
Describe the policy in each country related to the identified healthcare issue	Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). This policy applies a two-fold approach (privacy and security) to facilitate secure and effective utilization of patient data. In essence, the law prohibits covered entities such as healthcare providers, insurers, clearing houses, and business associates from sharing sensitive patient data without his/her explicit consent (Park, 2019). Considering the increasing amounts of data being collected through smart devices, this policy appears quite instrumental in safeguarding people’s privacy while maintaining data procedures such as collection, collation, and dissemination for long-term public good. HIPAA mandates authorized personnel to tether their practice around fundamental principles such as confidentiality, integrity, security, and compliance.	China has been facing immense challenges with data management since it lacked a robust regulatory policy until recently, when it passed the Personal Information Security Specification. Noteworthy is the fact that this policy is based on the country’s Cyber Security Law (Kao, Wu, Hsu, & Liaw, 2019). The basic principles of this framework include commensurability of responsibilities and powers, consent, minimization of accessible data, openness and transparency, security, and subject participation. Like the United States’ HIPAA, this policy forbids authorized individuals from accessing and/or using private information without explicit consent from the owner.
What are the strengths of this policy?	By placing patients at the frontline of all healthcare related data activities, this policy presents various perks including;  Fosters personal privacy and informed decision-making in healthcare procedures. Prevents systemic discrimination by focusing on information owners. Gives patients the opportunity to contribute to their medical data.	The Chinese policy framework is strengthened by various factors including;   Alignment with the most effective regional data security framework “EU GDPR” (General Data Protection Regulation) (Gong, et al., 2020). The universal nature of this policy makes it easy to integrate healthcare data with information from other industries. Noteworthy is the fact that the policy is not limited to healthcare. Promotes individual privacy and participation in healthcare procedures.
What are the weaknesses of this policy?	Fragmentation – HIPAA is a fragment of the United States’ healthcare policy framework that focuses on privacy on matters pertaining to health data. Such a shallow perspective makes it hard to integrate the data into other industrial databases. This policy slows down the clinical decision-making process by necessitating a patient’s consent before progress on medical procedures.	While a broad perspective promotes system integration, the lack of focus on healthcare information prevents this policy form focusing on patient’s needs with regards to data management. The need for patient participation slows down the decision-making process.
Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the specified global health issue. (Be specific and provide examples)	Social Integration – The United States is one of the most diverse nations. This diversity presents a challenge when racial/ethnic prejudice is in play. Noteworthy is the reported mistreatment and marginalization of Asian Americans as the healthcare system struggles to resolve the Coronavirus pandemic (Sohrabi, et al., 2020). Such scenarios prevent the system from maintaining diversity in the data collected for decision-making purposes. When viewed from this point, social integration is useful in improving the decision-making process.	Social Integration – The lack of democracy in information sharing presents a major challenge to the Chinese population. Such a bold claim is inspired by the fact that censorship amidst the current COVID-19 pandemic has worsened the situation for other global actors battling with the virus. For instance, the United States failed to prepare for a huge wave of infections since the Chinese authorities had censored information on the pandemic (Sohrabi, et al., 2020). Perhaps, transparent global data integration would allow administrations to design and execute effective plans for a healthy global community.
How has each country’ government addressed cost, quality, and access to the selected global health issue?	The United States government has addressed the cost and quality of sustainable healthcare through the introduction of the electronic health records. EHR allows providers and other vested stakeholders to share information in a real-time manner (Park, 2019). This model allows the government to reduce the costs of healthcare comorbidities, thus promoting sustainable public health standards.	The Chinese government is still facing problems in the management of its big data for healthcare improvements. This claim is founded on the belief that the country’s massive population presents a challenge for policymakers and executors on such matters (Gong, et al., 2020). So far, the cost and quality of care is promoted by rapid innovation of healthcare solutions.
How has the identified health policy impacted the health of the global population? (Be specific and provide examples)	So far, the impact of HIPAA on the global community is quite unnoticeable since it focuses on managing patient information within the country.	As is the case with the United States HIPAA, China’s Personal Information Security Specification has no impact on global population health since it is limited within the geographic constraints of the nation.
Describe the potential impact of the identified health policy on the role of nurse in each country.	This health policy affirms the assistive role of the nurse in the clinical setting. Apart from being the physicians’ assists, they are expected to help patients with the management of personal data (Corless, et al., 2018). It is important to highlight that not all patients understand how to use healthcare portals.	The role of nurses in China has also been transformed to that of a collaborative care assistant for both physicians and patients (Gong, et al., 2020).
Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. (Be specific and provide examples)	Global health issues unearth systemic flaws in US healthcare policies. For instance, the present Coronavirus pandemic has reflected the government’s wanton levels unpreparedness. The administration’s ill-fated actions against Obamacare appears quite illustrious: this pandemic has emerged when the regime had already compromised the covers of around 17 million citizens following the nullification of some elements of ACA (Sohrabi, et al., 2020).	Global health issues compel the Chinese government to shift its policies towards a humanitarian goal. Since the emergence of Coronavirus, the country has scaled its foreign aid to improve the health of people in foreign nations (Gong, et al., 2020). In this case, global issues give the system opportunities to step up into leadership roles due to the vast resources at the nation’s disposal.
General Notes/Comments	HIPAA is an effective framework that improves how healthcare data is managed within the country. However, if the country is to maintain its dominance in global health, it should embrace social integration at all costs.	As much as China’s policy limits data management within its geographic boundaries, the wide base of resources it possesses can be leveraged to attain greater global objectives.

Part 2 

At this juncture, it is clear that the lack of a global perspective is a major challenge for both the United States and the Chinese governments. The preceding argument is rightly ingrained in their Big Data policies limited focus on internal procedures. The fact that the lack of social integration of data has hindered both countries’ capacity to resolve COVID-19 proves that such a myopic vision is detrimental to progress at both federal and local levels. On that note, I intend to advocate for the integration of a global perspective into my local practice. 

Of course, this procedure necessitates the collaboration of various industry stakeholders. I will collaborate with various nurse practitioners within my locality to gain the audience of notable policymakers. Once this objective is achieved, I will advocate for data integration beyond geographic boundaries. Such an approach will be useful in monitoring and resolving emergent health challenges before they become global disasters. As highlighted earlier, the USA would have a better hand at managing COVID-19 if its system was integrated with China’s. Nurse leadership will also be affected since clinical decisions will be based on information from a broad user-base (Corless, et al., 2018). Such a change will require me to embrace cultural diversity as a fundamental aspect of care. When reflecting on the two countries’ response to the present global pandemic, I cannot help but acknowledge the belief that a global perspective will promote social integration, which will be further strengthened by system integration for sustainable Big Data management. 

References 

Gong, M., Wang, S., Wang, L., Liu, C., Wang, J., Guo, Q., & Hui, Z. (2020). Evaluation of Privacy Risks of Patients’ Data in China: Case Study. JMIR Medical Informatics, 8(2), e13046. Retrieved from https://medinform.jmir.org/2020/2/e13046/ 

Park, S. (2019). Why information security law has been ineffective in addressing security vulnerabilities: Evidence from California data breach notifications and relevant court and government records. International Review of Law and Economics, 58, 132-145. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144818818302011 

Corless, I. B., Nardi, D., Milstead, J. A., Larson, E., Nokes, K. M., Orsega, S., & Woith, W. (2018). Expanding nursing’s role in responding to global pandemics 5/14/2018. Nursing outlook, 66(4), 412-415. Retrieved from https://www.nursingoutlook.org/article/S0029-6554(18)30345-2/abstract 

Sohrabi, C., Alsafi, Z., O’Neill, N., Khan, M., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., & Agha, R. (2020). World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). International Journal of Surgery. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1743919120301977 

Kao, J. H., Wu, W. C., Hsu, L. M., & Liaw, H. T. (2019, July). A Research on Real-Name Blockchain System Bind Health Passbook Electronic Medical Record Exchanges Mechanism. In International Conference on Frontier Computing (pp. 1810-1819). Springer, Singapore. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-15-3250-4_241