DQ Provide an example of experimental, quasi-experimental, and nonexperimental research from the GCU Library and explain how each research type differs from the others.

Sample Answer for DQ Provide an example of experimental, quasi-experimental, and nonexperimental research from the GCU Library and explain how each research type differs from the others. Included After Question

HLT362V TOPIC 4 DISCUSSION 1

Provide an example of experimental, quasi-experimental, and nonexperimental research from the GCU Library and explain how each research type differs from the others. When replying to peers, evaluate the effectiveness of the research design of the study for two of the examples provided.

A Sample Answer For the Assignment: DQ Provide an example of experimental, quasi-experimental, and nonexperimental research from the GCU Library and explain how each research type differs from the others.

Title:  DQ Provide an example of experimental, quasi-experimental, and nonexperimental research from the GCU Library and explain how each research type differs from the others.

The study by Linder et al. (2022) that focuses on evaluating physical activity interventions for socioeconomically disadvantaged adults through the RE-AIM framework utilizes two research designs: a systematic review of both experimental and non/quasi-experimental trials. It indicates that the research focuses on gathering information and analyzing data from existing studies already conducted by other scholars on the impact of physical activity interventions for socioeconomically disadvantaged adults. Systematic review does not involve collecting new information or performing experiments to generate new knowledge. Instead, it involves summarizing and synthesizing the results of numerous previous studies that develop a superior-conclusion and recommendation on the research topic. The studies can be located in journals such as PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus (Linder et al., 2022). Specifically, the study analyzed around 100 studies that met the eligibility criteria, and only 39 studies were included in the synthesis. The study by Manistamara et al. (2021) focused on exploring Chest pain symptom differences between diabetes mellitus and non-diabetes mellitus patients with acute coronary syndrome is non-experimental. It utilizes non-experimental research designs with an observation cross-sectional approach. The study focuses on observing and comparing differences in chest pain symptoms. It involved collecting data from 61 patients, with 33 having DM and 28  being non-DM (Manistamara et al., 2021). The research design approach means that data collection was converged at a single point, and the teachers did not manipulate any variables as presented by the participants. The main difference between the systematic review research and the non-experimental quantitative study is that the systematic review focuses on identifying relevant studies to the teacher topic. It summarizes and synthesizes the results, providing a wider analysis scope and leading to a comprehensive analysis of the existing evidence. On the other hand, the non-experimental quantitative study focuses on collecting new primary data from the participants. The approach is limited since it relies on the sample size to make inferences about the entire population.

References

Linder, S., Ferschl, S., Abu-Omar, K., Ziemainz, H., & Reimers, A. K. (2022). Evaluating physical activity interventions for socioeconomically disadvantaged adults through the RE-AIM framework: A systematic review of experimental and non–/quasi-experimental trials. Preventive Medicine Reports, 29, 101943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101943 Manistamara, H., Sella, Y. O., Apriliawan, S., Lukitasari, M., & Rohman, M. S. (2021). Chest pain symptoms differences between diabetes mellitus and non-diabetes mellitus patients with acute coronary syndrome: A pilot study. Journal of Public Health Research, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2021.2186

A Sample Answer 2 For the Assignment: DQ Provide an example of experimental, quasi-experimental, and nonexperimental research from the GCU Library and explain how each research type differs from the others.

Title:  DQ Provide an example of experimental, quasi-experimental, and nonexperimental research from the GCU Library and explain how each research type differs from the others.

In experimental designs, there is manipulation of the independent variable and measurement of the dependent variable. Experimental designs can be divided into single-factor and multi-factor designs. In a single-factor design , one independent variable is manipulated. While in the two single-factor designs . For instance the in in one single case experimental design that was conducted for counting trauma data in research was used where individualized treatments and randomization were not possible. However, there are challenges faced with this method, which include autocorrelation , short-time series and nonnormal data. The method evaluates intervenes through phases, often observing changes in the variable,(Novosel, 2023).

Non-experimental design

It s a passive method of collecting without introducing the intervention. There is lower level of evidence produced as compared to other methods like the experimental. Despite that, this research should be credited for contributing to the body of knowledge even with no evidence attached. There are different types which are, cohort studies, case-control, case report, case series and cross-sectional, (Natesan, 2023).

Quasi-Experimental.

Involves various control groups for the elimination of alternative explanations. The method is usually used to assess or test the effectiveness of multiple interventions. In a study conducted in Nigeria referral hospitals, to improve, the quality of postpartum interventions the Quasi-experimental was used to to test the following interventions, retraining of maternal mothers, development of new protocols  and algorithms, clinical reviews as well as the impact of health education,(Okonufua, 2023)

Reference

Natesan Batley P. Bayesian analysis of single case experimental design count data in trauma research: A tutorial. Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy. 2023;15(5):829-837. doi:10.1037/tra0001357 Novosel, Lorraine M. “Understanding the Evidence: Non-Experimental Research Designs.” Urologic Nursing, vol. 43, no. 2, Mar. 2023, pp. 99–102. EBSCOhost, https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.7257/2168-4626.2023.43.2.99. Okonofua F, Ntoimo LF, Ekezue B, et al. Outcome of interventions to improve the quality of intrapartum care in Nigeria’s referral hospitals: a quasi-experimental research design. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2023;23(1):614. doi:10.1186/s12884-023-05893-y

Plagiarism, LopesWrite & Most Common Formatting Errors

I am posting this as these are some of the most common assignment errors and concerns for plagiarism that have occurred throughout the past years of teaching at THE UNIVERSITY. Currently THE UNIVERSITY uses the 7th edition of the APA Publication Manual. THE UNIVERSITY has APA resources in the Student Success Center as well as resources in the THE UNIVERSITY Library.  The APA Publication Manual and the THE UNIVERSITY resources are the only supported references by the University. Purdue OWL is not a supported resource by the University. Please ensure you are submitting according to APA style when the assignment directions call for them.   A title page is required for submissions which require APA style formatting.   You may choose to follow APA guidelines for professional papers which includes a running head in anticipation for completion of your scholarly project (see formatting of title pages in Chapter 2 of the APA Manual). An Author Note is not required on the title page. Reference lists need to be double checked for accuracy prior to submission (as I will be checking links). The following includes some of the most common mistakes: Format: Going significantly over or under the assignment word count. Points are reduced for either going over or under this requirement, there may also be a separate section on the rubric based on the assignment for word count. Not following correct indentation of the paragraphs or headings. Writing in the first person rather than 3rd person when opinion is not required for the rubric or student has not performed the research being presented in the assignment. Spelling: points are reduced for distracting mistakes Supporting details: not including citations to support information/writing of a section. If the rubric states area needs supporting details, students are not including citations to support the details of their writing. APA/References: This is the area most of point reductions occur: Currently THE UNIVERSITY uses the 7th edition of the APA Publication Manual. THE UNIVERSITY has APA resources in the Student Success Center as well as resources in the THE UNIVERSITY Library. The APA Publication Manual and the THE UNIVERSITY resources are the only supported references by the University, Purdue OWL is not a supported resource by the University. Please ensure you are submitting according to APA style when the assignment directions call for them.

1. Running Head: if you follow professional paper guidelines, ensure this is according to APA style. There are specifics regarding capitalization as well as number of characters allowed. (Section 2.8 & 2.18, APA, 2020).

2. Title/Cover page: Ensure the required elements are present, these requirements have changed since the 6th edition. In placing a professor’s/faculty member’s name on the title page, ensure you have provided the accurate information (e.g., Dr. or Professor), (Section 2.3, APA, 2020). An Author Note is not required on the title page.

3. Body of the text: this is the area most struggle on.

• A sample of a professional paper can be found starting on page 50 (APA, 2020)
• General writing rules of the English Language are to have at minimum 3 sentences in a paragraph. This writing rule will be used for grading of rubrics.
• APA writing is typically in the third person; me, myself, I, we and/or us, is all first person and should be used only where personal opinion is required per rubric.
• Abbreviation guidelines can be found in sections 6.24-6.31 (APA, 2020)
• Formatting of in-text citations (Sections 8.10-8.22, APA, 2020).
• Principles of paraphrasing (Section 8.23 & 8.24, APA, 2020).
• Students appear to be concerned about missing a citation. It is not APA format to cite the same author multiple times in a paragraph unless one of two things. 1. there is a new citation between or 2. if there is generalized information and then a direct quote – A sample of writing can be found in the Manual (Section 8.16, APA, 2020).
• Direct quotes need a page number, paragraph number, or section of original work. Principles of quotations can be found in the Manual (Sections 8.25-8.29, APA, 2020).
• Font, spacing and indentation are not consistent (Sections 2.19, 2.21 & 2.24 APA, 2020).
• It is not needed to restate the journal article titles or journal title in the body of the text as the citation will lead the reader to this information.
• Each and every piece of intellectual knowledge, which is not your own personal research, needs to be cited. If it is your personal observation, wording must be in the third person such as “this researcher has observed….” or something along that nature. If you are using someone’s intellectual property word for word without correct APA formatting, this is considered plagiarism – whether or not you have used a citation in the paragraph.   The Manual discusses plagiarism and self-plagiarism (Sections 8.2 & 8.3, APA, 2020).

4. Reference page most common concerns.

• Chapter 9 in the Manual is regarding the Reference List and Chapter 10 in the Manual is regarding Reference Examples (APA, 2020).
• Reference page is not on a new page, flush to top.
• Order of required elements is not correct.
• Not all required elements are found in the reference.
• Authors and year are not formatted according to APA.
• Capitalization in journal article titles are not according to APA.
• Formatting and capitalization of journal titles are not according to APA.
• Order of the references is not according to APA.
• Wikipedia references and the like are not considered scholarly work and will not be accepted as appropriate reference.
• All references in course are required to have a date and be within the past 5 years unless it is a primary sources such as the original theory written. The Manual discussed primary vs secondary sources (Section 8.6, APA, 2020).

I strongly encourage obtaining a copy of the APA manual, it will help you in your graduate studies going forward with appropriate references as per the Manual.