Community Assessment and Analysis Presentation

NRS 428 Community Assessment and Representative Interview Analysis Presentation

Objectives of the presentation

1.Describing the community and its limits, including its inhabitants, its geography, geopolitics, economy, educational level, ethnic makeup, and forms of social interactions, as well as its obstacles and problems, which may include any known socioeconomic determinants of health.

2.Detailed summary of the community assessment’s financial and collaboration components.

3.Summary of the interview with community health/public health provider.

4.Identification of a deficiency in the community or a prospect for health promotion

5.A conclusion synthesizing significant results and discussing interviewers’ opinion of the community’s overall health.

1.Describing the community and its limits, including its inhabitants, its geography, geopolitics, economy, educational level, ethnic makeup, and forms of social interactions, as well as its obstacles and problems, which may include any known socioeconomic determinants of health.

2.Detailed summary of the community assessment’s financial and collaboration components.

3.Summary of the interview with community health/public health provider.

4. Identification of a deficiency in the community or a prospect for health promotion

5.A conclusion synthesizing significant results and discussing interviewers’ opinion of the community’s overall health.

After the Hispanic population, Mexican Americans are the second-largest ethnic community in the US.

They account for 16.7% of the total population.

They account for about 53% of the Latino population living in the United States.

The cities with the greatest population density are Los Angeles (97%), New York, and Washington, D.C.

The Mexican-American population is the second biggest in the United States. These people make up 16.7% of the total population of the United States. They make up 53% of the Latino/Hispanic populace in the US. Various elements, especially Mexican Americans’ movement inclinations, add to the scattering of the Mexican American people group all through the US. Mexican Americans make up by far most of Los Angeles’ populace, representing 97% of the city’s aggregate. Texas, California, and Miami all have a significant amount of these inhabitants.

After the Hispanic population, Mexican Americans are the second-largest ethnic community in the US.

They account for 16.7% of the total population.

They account for about 53% of the Latino population living in the United States.

The cities with the greatest population density are Los Angeles (97%), New York, and Washington, D.C.

The Mexican-American population is the second biggest in the United States. These people make up 16.7% of the total population of the United States. They make up 53% of the Latino/Hispanic populace in the US. Various elements, especially Mexican Americans’ movement inclinations, add to the scattering of the Mexican American people group all through the US. Mexican Americans make up by far most of Los Angeles’ populace, representing 97% of the city’s aggregate. Texas, California, and Miami all have a significant amount of these inhabitants.

Financial stability and educational attainment

Mexican-Americans have financial difficulties like many other ethnicities do, and the majority of them are middle-class wage earners.

They have the lowest level of education among all Americans.

They lately made the decision to return to school.

The population of Mexican American students is around 8 million.

They experience discrimination while in schools

Mexican Americans moved away from their hometown mostly due to poverty. Notwithstanding, their development has supported the elevated degrees of destitution in their new settlement regions. Most members of this ethnic group are financially insecure. This cultural group is the least educated in America. Due to their recent embrace of education, about 8 million Mexican Americans now attend public schools throughout the country. Nevertheless, the neighborhood faces educational segregation with the establishment of low-level Mexican schools.

Ethnic and Phenomenological

A widely diverse population makes up Mexican Americans. The group has members from a wide variety of cultures that contribute to the current lifestyle that the neighbourhood has adopted. Instead of being categorized as a race, Mexican Americans are an ethnic group. This is shown by statistics from a 2006 research by the Institute of Genomic Medicine, which showed that Mexicans are composed of 58.9% Europeans, 35.05 Asians, and 5.03% other compositions. Due to their origins, the group is now classified as an ethnicity rather than a race.

Community Assessment and Representative Interview Analysis

Community Assessment and Analysis Presentation: The RN to BSN program at Grand Canyon University meets the requirements for clinical competencies as defined by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) and the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), using nontraditional experiences for practicing nurses. These experiences come in the form of direct and indirect care experiences in which licensed nursing students engage in learning within the context of their hospital organization, specific care discipline, and local communities.

This assignment consists of both an interview and a PowerPoint (PPT) presentation.

Community Assessment and Analysis Presentation

Assessment/Interview

Select a community of interest. It is important that the community selected be one in which a CLC group member currently resides. Students residing in the chosen community should be assigned to perform the physical assessment of the community.

1. Perform a direct assessment of a community of interest using the “Functional Health Patterns Community Assessment Guide.”

1. Interview a community health and public health provider regarding that person’s role and experiences within the community.

Interview Guidelines

Interviews can take place in-person, by phone, or by Skype. Complete the “Provider Interview Acknowledgement Form” and submit with the group presentation.

Develop one set of interview questions to gather information about the role of the provider in the community and the health issues faced by the chosen community.

Compile key findings from the interview, including the interview questions used, and submit with the group presentation.

PowerPoint Presentation

Within your group, create a PowerPoint presentation of 15-20 slides (slide count does not include title and reference slide) describing the chosen community interest.

Include the following in your presentation:

1. Description of community and community boundaries: the people and the geographic, geopolitical, financial, ethnic, and phenomenological features of the community as well as types of social interactions, common goals and interests, barriers, and challenges.

Summary The Interview Including
Responses to Questions

´The community health assessment conducted in Mesa County was a successful endeavor.

´Through rigorous data collection and analysis processes, the assessment accurately reflected the trends, challenges, and needs of the community it sought to assess.

´ Respondents answered questions exactly as recommended, resulting in reliable information that can be used to create an effective road map for improved public health outcomes and protections.

The Mesa County Community Health Assessment was conducted from September to November of 2022. A Steering Committee, made up of representatives from the community, led the process. A total of 150 people completed the survey, with an additional 50 completing a focus group. Key findings from the assessment include:

-The top health concerns in Mesa County are mental health, obesity and physical activity, and chronic disease.

-There is a perception that the quality of life in Mesa County is good, but there are areas where it could be improved, including housing and social connectedness.

-There is a strong sense of community spirit in Mesa County and residents feel safe and generally happy with their lives here (Mesa County Public Health, n.d).

The accuracy of data gathered through this assessment will enable proper decision-making regarding preventative health care measures by policymakers. This is a victory for the people of Mesa County as it signifies progress towards addressing current issues and creating healthier communities for all.

The Assessment was done in Mesa County

Mesa County is located in western Colorado and is the most populous county in the Western Slope region of the state. It is known for its diverse landscapes, which include the Grand Mesa, the Book Cliffs, and the Colorado National Monument. The county seat is Grand Junction, and the county is home to several outdoor recreational opportunities, such as hiking, camping, fishing, and hunting. The economy of the county is primarily based on agriculture, tourism, and energy production.

Area Code: 970 Population: (As of the census of 2020) about 150,000 Land Area: 3,341 square miles Community Boundary: Mesa County is bordered by Garfield County to the North, Delta County to the East, Montrose County to the South and Grand County to the West.

Population Density: Approx. 45 people per square mile

Please note that the information provided is as of 2021, and may have changed since then.

Mesa County is located in the western part of the state of Colorado, in the United States. According to the United States Census Bureau, the population of Mesa County was estimated to be around 155,000 in 2020. The population is relatively evenly split between males and females (United Nations, 2018). The median age in Mesa County is around 39 years old. The largest age group is 25-44 years old, making up around 29% of the population. The racial and ethnic makeup of Mesa County is predominantly white, with around 89% of the population identifying as white. The next largest racial group is Hispanic or Latino, making up around 12% of the population. Other significant racial and ethnic groups in the county include Asian, African American, and Native American. The median household income in Mesa County is around $60,000, and the poverty rate is around 12%. The diversity in population makes the place ideal for the interview processes.

Mesa County has a diverse economy, with significant industries including healthcare, education, retail trade, and construction. According to data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the unemployment rate in Mesa County was around 3.5% in 2020. The largest employment sectors in the county include healthcare and social assistance, retail trade, and accommodation and food services. The healthcare and social assistance sector employs around 12% of the county’s workforce, while the retail trade sector employs around 11% of the workforce. The accommodation and food services sector employs around 8% of the county’s workforce. The county also has a significant manufacturing sector, which employs around 7% of the workforce. Other notable industries in the county include construction, professional and technical services, and government (U.S. Census Bureau, n.d).

Employment: There are salary differences between men and women. Men earn 1.25 times as much as women. In that county, 16.3% of the population overall lives in poverty, which is higher than the national average.

The majority of available jobs are in the healthcare, retail, social assistance, and lodging and food service industries.

Religion: 16.2% of people identify as Evangelical Protestants, 5.4% as Catholics, 4.8% as Mainline Protestants, and over 65% do not identify with any religion, according to City Data (n.d.). City-Data, undated Education: The whole range of primary and secondary education is provided by School District 51. It is a community resource that all of the locals can use. The biggest universities and colleges in that region are: Colorado

1. Summary of community assessment.

1. Summary of interview with community health/public health provider.

1. A conclusion summarizing your key findings and a discussion of your impressions of the general health of the community.

Community Assessment and Analysis Presentation

Affordable care act gives middle class families better health security by putting in place comprehensive health insurance reforms that will hold insurance companies accountable, lower health care costs, guarantee more choice, and enhance the quality of care for all Americans.

Here are some of the most important ways health care reform will benefit middle class Americans, several of which are already in place:

Ending insurance industry abuses: The patients’ bill of Rights puts consumers, not insurance companies, in control of their health care. Insurance companies can no longer deny coverage to children with existing conditions, cancel coverage when people get sick, and place lifetime dollar limits on the amount of care you can get.

Expanding coverage for women: In July 2011, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services announced historic new guidelines that will help meet women’s health needs. Beginning August 1, 2012, women’s preventive services will be covered with no cost sharing in new health plans. These additional services include, among others, well-woman visits, gestational diabetes screening, breastfeeding support, domestic violence screening, contraception, HPV DNA testing, and HIV screening and counseling. These preventive services help women stay healthy, and because they enhance long-term detection and treatment, they also reduce long-term health costs.

Coverage for those who need it most: Uninsured people with a pre-existing condition now have a guaranteed, affordable health insurance options.The Pre-Existing Condition Insurance Plan (PCIP) provides coverage until 2014, when you will have access to affordable health insurance choices through an Exchange, and you can no longer be discriminated against based on a pre-existing condition.

Sticking Up for Seniors: The law ensures that we continue to protect seniors’ guaranteed Medicare benefits while taking important steps to fight waste, fraud, and abuse. The new law will close the prescription drug coverage gap known as the “donut hole” completely by 2020. In 2010, 4 million people with Medicare who fell into the “donut hole” received $250 rebate checks. In 2011, people with Medicare in the donut hole receive a 50 percent discount  on their covered brand name prescription drugs. In addition, people with Medicare are now eligible for an annual wellness visit and free preventive services. such as mammograms and colonoscopies.

Helping small business protect their workers: small businesses may be eligible for tax credits, making it easier for them to provide coverage to their workers. Small businesses can learn more about their health insurance options via the insuranceI. In 2014, the amount of the tax credit will increase, and a new health care marketplace will ensure American businesses can offer quality, affordable health care coverage options.

Easy to understand your options: Starting in March 2012, consumers will have an important new tool to understand their coverage. Health insurers and employers who offer coverage to their workers must provide clear and consistent information about your health plan – similar to the kind of nutritional information you find on the food you buy at the grocery store. Specifically, you will have access to an easy-to-understand Summary of Benefits and Coverage, which will include basic information that every person should have, including: What is my annual premium? What is my annual deductible? What services are NOT covered by my policy? What will my costs be if I go to a provider in my network versus one that is not in my network? Coverage examples will illustrate what you pay in certain circumstances.

Putting Patients First: New regulations require health insurers to spend 80 to 85 percent of consumers’ premiums on direct care for patients and efforts to improve care quality. This regulation, known as the “medical loss ratio” provision of the Affordable Care Act, will make the insurance marketplace more transparent and make it easier for consumers to purchase plans that provide better value for their money. Proposed premium increases of 10 percent or more will also be subject to new scrutiny.

Reference:

https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/economy/…

https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/economy/…

Attachments

NRS-428VN-RS4-ProviderInterviewAcknowledgementForm.docNRS-428VN-RS4-FunctionalHealthPatter

 Benchmark – Community Teaching Plan

Health promotion is a critical aspect of improving the quality of life through disease prevention activities in communities, especially prevention of infectious and lifestyle chronic conditions like diabetes and hypertension as a result of obesity. Hygiene practices, especially hand hygiene, can help individuals and communities to deal with infectious diseases. The role of hygiene has well been amplified as the health care systems across the world dealt with the emergence and spread of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic (Persaud, 2019). The purpose of this community teaching plan proposal is to offer excellent guide in sensitizing people concerning hygiene and developing prevention strategies to control the spread of infections. The proposal focuses on hand hygiene as a means of reducing infections at the community level, especially as a measure against the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The U.S. healthcare system has been one to be known as expensive and not made to care for the people compared to most countries. “The United States has one of the highest costs of healthcare in the world. In 2021, U.S. healthcare spending reached $4.3 trillion, which averages to about $12,900 per person” (Why are Americans paying more for healthcare?, para. 2).

The effect of health care costs alone has been known to delay care of people because people don’t want to seek help knowing they can’t afford it. If people are in debt due to medical finances already, then they can be denied care, this is a huge problem in our country.

“To this end, many states have expressed interest in reducing the rate of growth in health care spending. To do so, states, by definition, must change the behavior of health care providers and payers. This presents two core challenges. The first is to identify the components of spending that should change. For example, one strategy may be to lower, or constrain the growth of, health care prices. Another may be to reduce the utilization of low-value care. The second challenge is designing a system that encourages, or forces, those changes. States have a wide variety of legislative and regulatory tools at their disposal, such as sharing data analytics, regulating prices, or preventing mergers and consolidation, which often lead to an increase in prices” (2021, para. 6).

Lowering the cost of prescription drugs have been a main component to helping with costs especially for people who need insulin at home or the way they deliver the medications in the hospital settings can be so wasteful and up the cost of a hospital stay. This is something that has been addressed and continues to be addressed in the healthcare reform. 

What are your thoughts on the cost of US healthcare and certain prescription medications?

Topic: Hand Hygiene to Promote Health and Reduce Infections

Name and Credentials of the Teacher:
Duration: 3 and a Half Hrs
Location:
Resources: Whiteboard, sitting chairs, projector, notebooks, pens, printed materials & pens.
Estimated Cost: USD 3,000
Target Aggregate: Estimated 150 attendees
Topic: Prevention of the spread of infections among community members
Topic Selection: The selection of the community to teach its members hand hygiene measures is essential to reducing infections that end up being costly to treat in the healthcare facility despite the limited resources. Through this approach, individuals and households will promote effective handwashing and hand hygiene measures to reduce the potential risk of infections.
Rationale for the Topic: Infections across the care continuum remain one of the biggest threats to public health and promotion of quality living for many individuals, especially those without access to clean water. Both state and federal governments have implemented a raft of measures through policies aimed at controlling the spread of infections like the COVID-19 pandemic. Vulnerable communities are disadvantaged and even unable to implement some of these strategies to reduce exposure to the viral infections (Hendricks & Wangerin, 2018). The teaching workshop will assist the community to adapt new norms and practices on hand hygiene to keep viruses away and ensure safety of its members and reduce the cost burden associated with such infections.
Teaching Criteria
Time	Activity	Resources
10:00-10:20 10:20-11:00 11:00-11:30 Am 11:35-12:40 12:40-1:10 1:10-1:20 1:20-1:40 1:40-2:00	Registration Everybody Introduction by the health team Opening of the day’s topic Presenting the topic to the community to attain its understanding Creating groups among the attendees. Giving them printed materials and survey questionnaires to answer as the session progresses. Engage in discussion as the different groups make presentations on their findings. Critique of the findings by different groups and participants. The sessions will be guided by the moderator who is the healthcare provider. The teacher analyzes the topic and makes the final presentation. Discusses the overall findings and demonstrates the efficacy of hand hygiene. Demonstration of hand washing with soap and water and using of hand rubs in different settings. Closing submissions Vote of Thanks Lunch served for all people	Register Projector printed materials Handouts and brochures Use of social media pages Printed materials Notebooks, Pens, Use of personal devices; smartphones to access social media. Whiteboard, whiteboard pens, notebooks, and projector for those with presentations on PowerPoint. Whiteboard, whiteboard pens, developed presentation by the teacher on PowerPoint, and use of participants’ questionnaires. Water, soap, handwashing tap, hand rubs that are alcohol based. PowerPoint presentation, projector, printed materials. Food, water, serviettes, refreshments.
Readiness for Learning: The teacher will assess the readiness for learning through a raft of indicators that include; v  Punctuality, v  Demonstration of interest among participant on the day’s topic, v  Active participation in group session and during the presentation, v  Willingness to engage in learning activities and processes.
Learning Theory to be Utilized: The presentation will use the cognitivism learning theory with the focus on the way the participating learners get what they are taught (Dos Santos, 2020). The use of this theory will start through testing what the participants already know to inform the best way to add to their understanding and knowledge about hand hygiene practices and norms.
Goal: The goal of this teaching proposal is to ensure that learners have sufficient knowledge and understanding of how to maintain hand hygiene at individual levels to reduce the spread of infections that are preventable yet expensive to treat.
Objectives: Ø  Improve the knowledgeability of the community on infections and the role played by hand hygiene and handwashing Ø  Equip them with knowledge to protect themselves from such infections; including the COVI-19 and the spread of viruses Ø  Assist the community establish preventive approaches that are most appropriate with their conditions and environment Ø  Help the participants at individual levels to enhance personal hygiene
Creativity: The teaching process will be creative as the teacher will use a field school strategy that is learner-centered and development comes from what one already know. The implication is that additions are made through new knowledge as demonstrated by the presentation.
Evaluation of Objectives: v  Get feedback from the learner concerning the learning process v  Analysis of the understanding of the lesson and activities v  Test willingness to use what they have gained by asking questions
Evaluation of Lesson and Teacher: Ø  The evaluation will be based on the level of participation in the activities and learning process in groups Ø  The teacher will be assessed based on the ability to actively engage the learners
Barriers: Ø  Limited or unwillingness to participate which shall be addressed by developing engaging activities among learners directly Ø  Diverse opinions that will be handled through evaluation of the appropriateness and embracing the divergent views.

Therapeutic Communication

Therapeutic communication will entail;

• Getting attention from the audience by showing videos during the introduction of the topic,
• The use of question and answer (Q&A) approach will ensure that the class remains active,
• Through the use of the field school approach, all learners will participate since the approach is learner-centered,
• The presenter will also answer any question that will come from the learners,
• The use of nonverbal communication like gestures and speech intonations as well as short videos will enhance the teaching and help stress key or critical points.

Conclusion

Infections are a primary concern for healthcare providers and public health officials as well as healthcare systems. The presentation and teaching of the community members will enhance their efforts to protect themselves against their occurrence to prevent associated cost burden. The teaching proposal ensures that they have information and knowledge as well as nurture skills and practices that will improve their efforts to reduce their susceptibility to infections.

References

Dos Santos, L. M. (2020). I teach nursing as a male nursing educator: The East Asian perspective, context, and social cognitive career experiences. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(12), 4327.  https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124327

Hendricks, S. M., & Wangerin, V. (2018). Concept-based curriculum: changing attitudes and

            overcoming barriers. Nurse educator, 42(3), 138-142. DOI: 10.1097/NNE.0000000000000335.

Persaud, S. (2019). Addressing unconscious bias: A nurse leader’s role. Nursing administration

            quarterly, 43(2), 130-137. DOI: 10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000348.

Talal, A. H., Sofikitou, E., U, J., Zeremski, M., Tobin, J. N., & Markatou, M. (2020). A

            framework for patient-centered telemedicine: Appplication and Lessons learned from

            vulnerable populations. Journal of Biomedical informatics, 112, 103622. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2020.103622.

Young, S., & Guo, K. L. (2020). Cultural diversity training: The necessity of cultural competence for health care providers and in nursing practice. The health care manager, 39(2), 100-108. DOI: 10.1097/HCM.0000000000000294.

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) holds crucial significance for community and public health as it strives to address the issue of universal healthcare and improve access to high-quality and affordable healthcare for all Americans (Department of Health and Human Services [DHHS], n.d.). One of the essential provisions of the ACA is its expansion of Medicaid, allowing individuals with low socioeconomic status to access healthcare services (Green, 2018). This expansion has significant implications, as it enables millions of previously uninsured individuals to gain coverage and receive necessary medical care (DHHS, n.d.). However, while the ACA represents a significant step towards increasing accessibility and affordability, it falls short of achieving true universal healthcare, as some individuals may still face financial barriers despite the improvements (Zieff et al., 2020).  In contrast to the ACA’s approach, some countries in Europe have adopted a comprehensive free healthcare system for all citizens, exemplifying the concept of true universal healthcare (Zieff et al., 2020). This stark contrast highlights the ongoing debate and challenges faced in achieving healthcare equity and universal coverage in the United States.  Nurses play a vital role in implementing the Affordable Care Act by assisting patients in understanding their insurance coverage options and eligibility for various programs. For instance, a nurse can educate a low-income patient about their eligibility for state Medicaid services due to their income falling below the poverty line. By providing such valuable information, nurses empower patients to make informed decisions about their healthcare and take advantage of available resources. The Affordable Care Act represents a crucial step towards improving community and public health by expanding access to healthcare services for individuals with low socioeconomic status (DHHS, n.d.). 

References

Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). About the Affordable Care Act. 

https://www.hhs.gov/healthcare/about-the-aca/index.html

Green, S. Z. (2018). Community & public health: The future of healthcare. Grand Canyon   

University. https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs427vn/community-and-public-health-the-future-of-health-care/v1.1/#/chapter/4

Zieff, G., Kerr, Z. Y., Moore, J. B., & Stoner, L. (2020). Universal healthcare in the United States of 

America: A healthy debate. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 56(11), 580. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56110580

Rubric Criteria

Total125 points

Criterion	1. Unsatisfactory	2. Less than Satisfactory	3. Satisfactory	4. Good	5. Excellent
Conclusion With Summary of Findings and Impressions of General Community Health Conclusion With Summary of Findings and Impressions of General Community Health	0 points Conclusion is omitted.	14.06 points Conclusion is incomplete or unclear.	14.81 points Conclusion is complete, with general summary of findings.	16.69 points Conclusion is clear, with a comprehensive discussion of findings and general health of the community.	18.75 points Conclusion is comprehensive, with a detailed summary of key findings that explains general health of the community and offers rationale for recommendations.
Layout Layout	0 points The layout is cluttered, confusing, and does not use spacing, headings, and subheadings to enhance the readability. The text is extremely difficult to read with long blocks of text, small point size for fonts, and inappropriate contrasting colors. Poor use of headings, subheadings, indentations, or bold formatting is evident.	4.69 points The layout shows some structure, but appears cluttered and busy or distracting with large gaps of white space or a distracting background. Overall readability is difficult due to lengthy paragraphs, too many different fonts, dark or busy background, overuse of bold, or lack of appropriate indentations of text.	4.94 points The layout uses horizontal and vertical white space appropriately. Sometimes the fonts are easy to read, but in a few places the use of fonts, italics, bold, long paragraphs, color, or busy background detracts and does not enhance readability.	5.56 points The layout background and text complement each other and enable the content to be easily read. The fonts are easy to read and point size varies appropriately for headings and text.	6.25 points The layout is visually pleasing and contributes to the overall message with appropriate use of headings, subheadings, and white space. Text is appropriate in length for the target audience and to the point. The background and colors enhance the readability of the text.
Description of Community and Community Boundaries Description of Community and Community Boundaries: (People, Geographic, Geopolitical, Financial, Educational Level, Ethnic, Phenomenological Features and Types of Interactions, Goals, Interests, Barriers, and Challenges, Including Social Determinates of Health)	0 points Description of boundaries of community is omitted.	18.75 points Description of community and boundaries is unclear or incomplete and missing one or more necessary components to give context to the community assessment.	19.75 points Description of community and boundaries of community is complete. A brief description of all components is offered.	22.25 points Description of community and boundaries of community is complete, and components of community functioning are discussed in sufficient depth.	25 points Description of community is complete. Boundaries are described in great detail, distinguishing environmental boundaries, environmental relationships, and external systems that comprise the open, community system.
Summary of Community Health Assessment Summary of Community Health Assessment	0 points Community assessment is omitted.	18.75 points Community assessment is provided but discussion is vague or incomplete.	19.75 points Community assessment is complete, and a synopsis of each functional health pattern (FHP) is included.	22.25 points Nursing process and functional health patterns (FHP) are identified with clear indications for actual, at-risk, and potential for improved health.	25 points Discussion of functional health patterns is clear, complete, and comprehensive, with indications for actual, at-risk, and potential diagnoses as well as recommendations for surveillance and preventive measures.
Identification of Issue That Is Lacking or an Opportunity for Health Promotion Identification of Issue That Is Lacking or an Opportunity for Health Promotion	0 points Identification of an issue that is lacking or an opportunity for health promotion is omitted.	18.75 points Identification of an issue that is lacking or an opportunity for health promotion is included but discussion is vague or incomplete	19.75 points NA	22.25 points NA	25 points Identification of an issue that is lacking or an opportunity for health promotion is effectively included.
Summary of Interview With Community Health/Public Health Provider Summary of Interview With Community Health/Public Health Provider	0 points Summary table is omitted.	14.06 points Summary table is incomplete or unclear.	14.81 points Summary table includes all functional health patterns with adequate documentation.	16.69 points Summary table is clear, with a detailed and comprehensive description of findings from an assessment of the chosen community.	18.75 points Summary table is comprehensive, with a detailed description of findings, as well as actual, at-risk, and potential diagnoses and recommendations for surveillance and preventative measures.
Language Use and Audience Awareness (includes sentence construction, word choice, etc.) Language Use and Audience Awareness (includes sentence construction, word choice, etc.)	0 points Inappropriate word choice and lack of variety in language use are evident. Writer appears to be unaware of audience. Use of primer prose indicates writer either does not apply figures of speech or uses them inappropriately.	4.69 points Some distracting inconsistencies in language choice (register) or word choice are present. The writer exhibits some lack of control in using figures of speech appropriately.	4.94 points Language is appropriate to the targeted audience for the most part.	5.56 points The writer is clearly aware of audience, uses a variety of appropriate vocabulary for the targeted audience, and uses figures of speech to communicate clearly.	6.25 points The writer uses a variety of sentence constructions, figures of speech, and word choice in distinctive and creative ways that are appropriate to purpose, discipline, and scope.

I also read an article about how the United States has a higher mortality rate when compared to other high-income countries and I found this interesting because I was trying to figure out what the cause could be. I think a lot of it has to do with the fact that people don’t emphasize on preventative care and they focus more on curing. Sometimes a disease process will be so far progressed that when someone finally decides to go to the doctors they are diagnosed with a terminal illness or an incurable disease. I’m not really sure how great insurance companies are with early diagnostics though. I know I’ve heard that they give some women a difficult time when trying to get mammograms at an earlier than recommended age. I am not sure how true this is however and I have yet to receive one so I can’t tell from my own experience. I do agree with you on implementation of universal health coverage and how that could lead to improved health care outcomes. It would take a lot of change though as you stated and would not be an easy task to implement. As you stated, providers and private insurers would face changes resulting in higher costs for them so I think that they would fight universal health care. 

U.S. health care from a Global Perspective, 2022: Accelerating spending, worsening outcomes. U.S. Health Care from a Global Perspective, 2022 | Commonwealth Fund. (2023, January 31). https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2023/jan/us-health-care-global-perspective-2022