Assignment: NURS 5050 Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief

Assignment: NURS 5050 Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief

It may seem to you that healthcare has been a national topic of debate among political leaders for as long as you can remember.

Healthcare has been a policy item and a topic of debate not only in recent times but as far back as the administration of the second U.S. president, John Adams. In 1798, Adams signed legislation requiring that 20 cents per month of a sailor’s paycheck be set aside for covering their medical bills. This represented the first major piece of U.S. healthcare legislation, and the topic of healthcare has been woven into presidential agendas and political debate ever since.

As a healthcare professional, you may be called upon to provide expertise, guidance and/or opinions on healthcare matters as they are debated for inclusion into new policy. You may also be involved in planning new organizational policy and responses to changes in legislation. For all of these reasons you should be prepared to speak to national healthcare issues making the news.

In this Assignment, you will analyze recent presidential healthcare agendas. You also will prepare a fact sheet to communicate the importance of a healthcare issue and the impact on this issue of recent or proposed policy.

To Prepare:

Review the agenda priorities of the current/sitting U.S. president and the two previous presidential administrations.

Select an issue related to healthcare that was addressed by each of the last three U.S. presidential administrations.

Reflect on the focus of their respective agendas, including the allocation of financial resources for addressing the healthcare issue you selected.

Consider how you would communicate the importance of a healthcare issue to a legislator/policymaker or a member of their staff for inclusion on an agenda.

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The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Comparison Grid, 1-Page Analysis, and 1-page Fact Sheet)

Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid

Use the Agenda Comparison Grid Template found in the Learning Resources and complete the Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid based on the current/sitting U.S. president and the two previous presidential administrations and their agendas related to the public health concern you selected. Be sure to address the following:

Identify and provide a brief description of the population health concern you selected and the factors that contribute to it.

Describe the administrative agenda focus related to the issue you selected.

Identify the allocations of financial and other resources that the current and two previous presidents dedicated to this issue.

Explain how each of the presidential administrations approached the issue.

(A draft of Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid should be posted to the Module 1 Discussion Board by Day 3 of Week 1.)

Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis

Using the information you recorded in Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid on the template, complete the Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis portion of the template, by addressing the following:

Which administrative agency would most likely be responsible for helping you address the healthcare issue you selected?

How do you think your selected healthcare issue might get on the agenda for the current and two previous presidents? How does it stay there?

Who would you choose to be the entrepreneur/ champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue you selected for the current and two previous presidents?

Part 3: Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief

Based on the feedback that you received from your colleagues in the Discussion, revise Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid and Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis.

Then, using the information recorded on the template in Parts 1 and 2, develop a 1-page Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief that you could use to communicate with a policymaker/legislator or a member of their staff for this healthcare issue. You can use Microsoft Word or PowerPoint to create your Fact Sheet or Talking Point Brief. Be sure to address the following:

Summarize why this healthcare issue is important and should be included in the agenda for legislation.

Justify the role of the nurse in agenda setting for healthcare issues.

Spirituality is the way to find meaning, hope, comfort, and inner peace in life. Many people find spirituality through religion. Some people find it through music, art, or a connection with nature. Others find it in their values and principles. Spirituality involves the recognition of a feeling or sense or belief that there is something greater than myself, something more to being human than sensory experience, and that the greater whole of which we are part is cosmic or divine in nature.

Healthy spirituality gives a sense of peace, wholeness, and balance among the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual aspects of our lives. However, for most people, the path to such spirituality passes through struggles and suffering and often includes experiences that are frightening and painful. Positive beliefs, comfort, and strength gained from religion, meditation, and prayer can contribute to well-being. It may even promote healing. Improving your spiritual health may not cure an illness, but it may help you feel better.

Patients who are spiritual may utilize their beliefs in coping with illness, pain, and life stresses. Some studies indicate that those who are spiritual tend to have a more positive outlook and a better quality of life (Bogue, 2020).

Similar to other caring activities and procedures, spiritual care improves people’s spiritual well-being and performance as well as the quality of their spiritual life. Spiritual care has positive effects on individuals’ stress responses, and spiritual well-being such as the balance between physical, psychosocial, and spiritual aspects of self, a sense of integrity and excellence, and interpersonal relationships. Spiritual well-being is important for an individual’s health potential and the experience of illness/hospitalization can threaten the optimum achievement of this potential. Professional nursing embraces spiritual care as a dimension of practice.

Nurses’ practice patterns in the area of spiritual care can be grouped into two categories including religious and nonreligious interventions. Religious interventions include treating patients’ religious beliefs without prejudice, providing them with opportunities for connecting with God and expressing their values and beliefs, helping them practice their religion, and referring them to clerical and religious leaders (O’Brien, et al., 2019). Nonreligious interventions include nurses’ presence for patients and their families, making direct eye contact when communicating with patients, sympathizing with patients and their families, listening to patients and their families attentively, and having love and enthusiasm for patients.

Although spiritual care is meant to help people, I frequently gain as a nurse. Interpersonal trust and a connection with the patient require high emotional intelligence. It’s important to realize that spirituality isn’t always theological care (Ross et al., 2018). Whereas the healthcare industry easily incorporates spirituality into therapy, spiritual care is essential in all sectors of operation. For the sake of our clients, we as caregivers must respect spiritual support, learn the required skills, and schedule time to satisfy these needs.

References

Bogue, D. W., & Hogan, M. (2020). Practicing dignity: An introduction to Christian values and decision making in Health Care. Retrieved from https://lc.gcumedia.com/phi413v/practicing-dignity-an-introduction-to-christian-values-and-decision-making-in-health-care/v1.1/#/chapter/1

O’Brien, M., Kinloch, K., Groves, K., & Jack, B. (2019, August 9). Meeting patients’ spiritual needs during end of life care: A qualitative study of nurses’ and healthcare professionals’ perceptions of spiritual care training. Edge Hill University. Retrieved from https://research.edgehill.ac.uk/en/publications/meeting-patients-spiritual-needs-during-end-of-life-care-a-qualit-2

Ross , L., McSherry, W., Giske, T., Van Leeuwen, R., Schep-Akkerman, A., Koslander, T., Hall, J., Ostergaard Steenfeldt , V., & Jarvis, P. (2018, August). Nursing and midwifery students’ perceptions of spirituality, spiritual care, and spiritual care competency: A prospective, Longitudinal, correlational European study. Nurse education today. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29763841/

The opioid abuse and addiction has been a continuing challenge for many years. The most commonly misused and addictive opioids include heroin, prescription opioids, and synthetic opiods like Fentanyl. Opioid misuse and addiction has caused serious negative outcomes including deaths and disabilities (Park & Otte, 2019). Moreover, the problem does not only affect the health but also the social and economic wellbeing of Americans. This paper seeks to explore how Presidents Trump, Obama, and Bush administrations addressed this issue as an administrative agenda.

Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid

Use this Agenda Comparison Grid to document information about the population health/healthcare issue your selected and the presidential agendas. By completing this grid, you will develop a more in depth understanding of your selected issue and how you might position it politically based on the presidential agendas.

You will use the information in the Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid to complete the remaining Part 2 and Part 3 of your Assignment.

Identify the Population Health concern you selected.	Opioid concerns
Describe the Population Health concern you selected and the factors that contribute to it.	Drug and substance abuse in US continues to bring several adverse effects such as mortality and disabilities. In particular, opioids is highly prevalent and has turned into crisis that is currently ravaging many people. The issue of opioids mostly emanates from inadequate information on medications prescriptions (Kaye et al., 2017).
Administration (President Name)	President Trump	President Obama	President Bush
Describe the administrative agenda focus related to this issue for the current and two previous presidents.	The administration of President Trump approached the issue of opioids crisis by declaring it as a public health emergency. Trump then opted to address the issue by controlling the supply and distribution among the masses, increasing access to prevention, treatment services, and recovery services to the victims.	The agendas President Obama’s administration implemented to curb the opioid crisis included setting legal framework to address the issue through legislation, enhancing better and efficient access to healthcare and limiting the capacity of prescribers to overprescribe.	The administration of President Bush considered the opioid issue mostly as a criminal issue rather a public health concern. As such, the administration invested heavily on law enforcement agencies to fight the drug issue. .
Identify the allocations of financial and other resources that the current and two previous presidents dedicated to this issue.	According the department of Health and Human Services (HHS) (2019), President Trump allocated more than $1.8 billion to be distributed to states to address the opioid crisis and expand access to treatment and also support near-real data on the crisis of drug overdose.	President Obama prioritized fight against opioid overdose and created measures to reduce drug use and overuse. In 2016, Obama proposed $1.1 Billion to be used in addressing the prescription opioid abuse and heroin use epidemic (The White House, 2016)	According to the White House (2002), President allocated nearly $2.3 billion dollars to help in interdicting drugs and prevent them from reaching the borders. This allocation was an increment of about 10% from the previous year. He also allocated human resources, especially security agencies to help guarding coastlines and borders to prevent illegal importations.
Explain how each of the presidential administrations approached the issue.	The Trump administration approached the opioids crisis using strategies such as deterrence, treatment, helping in recovery, studies on addiction and pain, and advanced pain management practice.	The Obama administration approached the issue by enhancing capacity for healthcare services and also increasing Medicaid coverage to the underserved and rural communities to increase access to healthcare services. The administration also provided education on healthcare professionals to enhance awareness and treatment and also help in treatment medication and reduction of stigma.	The Bush administration approached the issue through funding to help in management and also treating it as criminal issue, with much emphasis based on law enforcement agencies to address the issue from the  crime perspective, while little attention was given healthcare approach.

Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis

Using the information you recorded in Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid, complete the following to document information about the population health/healthcare issue your selected

Administration (President Name)	President Trump	President Obama	President Bush
Which administrative agency would most likely be responsible for helping you address the healthcare issue you selected?	Since President Trump’s administration declared opioid crisis as public health emergency, the administrative agency that could best help in addressing the issue is health agencies such as CDC to help in creating the professionalism, tools, and information that enable people and communities to promote health, prevent injuries, diseases, disabilities, and become sensitive for new health risks. Trump also formed a Commission on Combating Drug Addiction and the Opioid Crisis, which is essential in recommending the best measures to address the opioid issue. The International Narcotics Trafficking Emergency Response By Detecting Incoming Contraband With Technology (INTERDICT) Act which was signed by Trump is also essential in enhancing screening tools for custom agents.	The best administrative agency that would be best responsible in addressing opioid crisis is CDC. President Barack Obama’s administration could cooperate with CDC to help in creating the professionalism, tools, and information that enable people and communities to promote health, prevent injuries, diseases, disabilities, and become sensitive for new health risks.	Although the Bush administration heavily relied in security agency and treated the issue of opioid crisis as more of criminal than public health issue, the best administrative agency that could address this was CDC. CDC is essential in creating the professionalism, tools, and information that enable people and communities to promote health, prevent injuries, diseases, disabilities, and become sensitive for new health risks
How do you think your selected healthcare issue might get on the agenda for the current and two previous presidents? How does it stay there?	Since, many people are affected by this issue, it is imperative that the issue gets on the agenda of this administration. One way is ensuring that politicians participate in planning how to address the issue. The issue of opioid crisis should be discussed through legislation and become part of the government agenda. Government leaders need to deliberate and create new ideas on addressing the problem.	Since, many people are affected by this issue, it is imperative that the issue gets on the agenda of this administration. One way is ensuring that politicians participate in planning how to address the issue. The issue of opioid crisis should be discussed through legislation and become part of the government agenda. Government leaders need to deliberate and create new ideas on addressing the problem.	Since, many people are affected by this issue, it is imperative that the issue gets on the agenda of this administration. One way is ensuring that politicians participate in planning how to address the issue. The issue of opioid crisis should be discussed through legislation and become part of the government agenda. Government leaders need to deliberate and create new ideas on addressing the problem.
Who would you choose to be the entrepreneur/ champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue you selected for the current and two previous presidents?	During the Trump administration, the best champion could be Admiral James Winnefeld due to his focus on drug addiction leading to creation of Stop Addiction Fatality Epidemic (SAFE).	The person who could be chosen as the best champion for the issue is Senator Sheldon Whitehouse. He introduced the Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act, which was later signed into law.	Hillary Clinton could be chosen due to her influential status as the first lady by the time opioid crisis started and also serving as a Senator.

 

Part 3: Narrative

Why Opioid Crisis Issue is Important and Should be Included in the Agenda for Legislation

The issue of opioid misuse is increasing at an alarming rate in the in the US and is associated with dire consequences such as mortality and disabilities. According to HHS.gov (2019), two out of three drug overdose deaths in US in the year 2018 involved opioid. Moreover, Painter (2017) reports that opioid crisis is responsible for over 30,000 deaths annually. In the year 2017 alone, drug overdose killed over 70,000 people, with 50,000 of this being numbr being opioid related deaths. Currently, opioid crisis is highly prevalent and affecting everyone despite age, gender, race, status, or ethnic group. Long term use of Opioid is also associated with severe physical, social, psychological, and physiological effects. In fact, in severe cases, users can develop opioid use disorder and the associated withdrawal symptoms such as inability to control opioid use, inability to carry out work or academic responsibilities, and addiction, inability to conduct activities of daily life, and social and interpersonal problems. Concerning economic implications, opioid use disorder and associated symptoms requires heavy financial resources to manage, which causes remarkable financial burden on individuals, state, and federal government. Based on the above mentioned facts, the issue of opioid crisis is crucial and needs to be included in the legislative agenda of government.

Role of Nurses in Opioid Crisis Agenda Setting

            Nurses can play significant role in setting agenda for opioid crisis such as provision of professional advice, early detection and prevention of opioid abuse and misuse, monitoring of opioid prescription, thus, can help in identification of patients who begin to be addicted (Hunnicutt et al., 2018). Nurses can also play advocacy roles by championing for application of best policies and techniques in managing pain, developing protocols for treating opioid addiction, and formulation of new standards on writing opioid prescription.

Conclusion

It has been established that the misuse and addiction of opioids possess a serious national crisis with negative effects on public health, economic, and social wellbeing. The seriousness of opioid crisis attracted the attention of Presidents Bush, Obama, and Trump who made significant contributions to address the issue. It is imperative for government to set serious health issues such as opioid crisis in government agenda to help in strengthening health systems and provide resources such as human and financial to address the issue. Moreover, setting opioid as legislative agenda is crucial in policy development and strategic management and planning for the issue.

References

Health and Human Services (HHS). (2019). Trump Administration Announces $1.8 Billion in Funding to States to Continue Combating Opioid Crisis. https://public3.pagefreezer.com/browse/HHS.gov/31-12-2020T08:51/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2019/09/04/trump-administration-announces-1-8-billion-funding-states-combating-opioid.html

HHS.gov. (2019). Opioid Crisis Statistics. https://www.hhs.gov/opioids/about-the-epidemic/opioid-crisis-statistics/index.html

Hunnicutt, J. N., Chrysanthopoulou, S. A., Ulbricht, C. M., Hume, A. L., Tjia, J., & Lapane, K. L. (2018). Prevalence of long‐term opioid use in long‐stay nursing home residents. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 66(1), 48-55. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15080

Kaye, A. D., Jones, M. R., Kaye, A. M., Ripoll, J. G., Galan, V., Beakley, B. D., … & Manchikanti, L. (2017). Prescription opioid abuse in chronic pain: an updated review of opioid abuse predictors and strategies to curb opioid abuse: part 1. Pain physician, 20(2S), S93-S109. https://europepmc.org/article/med/28226333#impact

Painter, S. G. (2017). Opiate crisis and healthcare reform in America: A review for nurses. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 22(2). DOI: 10.3912/OJIN.Vol22No02Man03

Park, K., & Otte, A. (2019). Prevention of opioid abuse and treatment of opioid addiction: current status and future possibilities. Annual review of biomedical engineering, 21, 61-

84. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-060418-052155

The White House (2016). FACT SHEET: President Obama Proposes $1.1 Billion in New Funding to Address the Prescription Opioid Abuse and Heroin Use Epidemic. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/02/02/president-obama-proposes-11-billion-new-funding-address-prescription

The White House. (2002). The President's National Drug Control Strategy. https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/02/20020212-2.html\

Agenda Comparison Grid 

 
Student Name 
Program Name  
Title of Course 
Instructor Name 
Date 

Agenda Comparison Grid 

Diverse populations experience different health issues depending on their locations, lifestyles, socioeconomic status, and other factors. Addressing these issues requires a multifaceted approach, which combines policy, awareness, and supporting treatment and access to care. Policies involve laws, regulations, and administrative actions from governments and other influential institutions (Milstead & Short, 2019). Politicians influence policies through agenda setting and support with resources. The purpose of this grid is to evaluate a population health issue and compare presidential agendas toward it. 

Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid 

Identify the Population Health concern you selected.	Alcohol and drug abuse
Describe the Population Health concern you selected.	Creating a safe and productive populace implies protecting people from the menace of alcohol and drug abuse. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that polysubstance use is typical in society, where individuals use multiple substances simultaneously (CDC, 2022). The effects are profound since alcohol and drug abuse increase the risk of injury, addiction, violence, and chronic diseases. Substance abuse also alters the brain structure, increasing the risk of mental disorders (National Institute of Mental Health, 2023).
Administration (President Name)	Joe Biden	Donald Trump
Explain how each of the two presidential administrations approached the issue.	President Biden has recognized drug abuse as a sincere health concern and named effective response to the opioid crisis and overdose epidemic a priority agenda of his administration. Biden’s administration uses a multimodal approach, including funding programs, expanding access to addiction treatment, and formulating measures to disrupt drug trafficking (Doyle & Baaklini, 2022; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2022).	President Trump’s administration also used a multimodal approach in response to the alcohol and drug abuse problem. These include awareness/education programs, opioid treatment programs, and policies supporting recovery and care access. Under Trump, the final rule expanded access to opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment options for Medicare beneficiaries (CMS.gov, 2019).
Identify the allocations of resources that the current and previous presidents dedicated to this issue.	A notable resource allocation is the $1.6 billion through the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The funding seeks to address addiction and overdose crises across communities to reduce harm and support treatment for people in need (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2022).	Financial resource allocation was prioritized to make treatment and recovery programs more effective. For instance, the government allocated $3 billion in 2020 to empower states and tribes to provide community-based resources and care for people requiring treatment over two years (SAMHSA, 2020).

Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis 

Administration
Which administrative agency (like HHS, CDC, FDA, OHSA) would most likely be responsible for helping you address the healthcare issue you selected? Why is this agency the most helpful?	Administrative agencies address healthcare issues differently. The CDC is the best positioned to help a healthcare professional in addressing alcohol and drug abuse. Its work involves advancing research, monitoring trends, and supporting providers and healthcare systems for evidence-based decision-making (CDC, 2023). The CDC also partners with community organizations to tackle the illicit opioid problem and increase awareness to ensure a drug-free society.
How do you think your selected healthcare issue might get on the presidential agenda? How does it stay there?	Alcohol and drug abuse might get on the presidential agenda if sponsored as a bill by a politician. For instance, a bill proposing prevention, education programs, and improved access can attract political support. It stays there if implemented as law.
Who would you choose to be the entrepreneur/ champion/sponsor (this can be a celebrity, a legislator, an agency director, or others) of the healthcare issue you selected? An example is Michael J. Fox a champion for Parkinson’s disease.	I would choose a legislator to sponsor a bill on drug and alcohol abuse prevention. Politicians play a valuable role in tackling population health issues through regulations, and substance abuse could be effectively addressed through legal interventions.

Conclusion 

Healthcare issues affect diverse populations adversely, hence the need for comprehensive policy interventions to address them. Alcohol and drug abuse is widespread, and the previous and current administrations showed a commitment to protect individuals and communities. Both administrations used multidimensional measures, including expanding treatment access, awareness programs, and funding community-based interventions. Nurses should embrace their role in combating alcohol and drug abuse through policies and partnering with organizations to advance health through treatment, awareness, and other efforts. 

References 

CDC. (2022). Alcohol and other substance use. https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/fact-sheets/alcohol-and-other-substance-use.html 

CDC. (2023). Understanding the opioid overdose epidemic. https://www.cdc.gov/opioids/basics/epidemic.html 

CMS.gov. (2019). Trump administration takes steps to expand access to treatment for opioid use disorder. https://www.cms.gov/newsroom/press-releases/trump-administration-takes-steps-expand-access-treatment-opioid-use-disorder 

Doyle, S., & Baaklini, V. (2022). President signs bipartisan measure to improve addiction treatment. Pew. https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/articles/2022/12/30/president-signs-bipartisan-measure-to-improve-addiction-treatment 

Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: a nurse’s guide (6th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning. 

National Institute of Mental Health. (2023). Substance use and co-occurring mental disorders. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/substance-use-and-mental-health#:~:text=Studies%20found%20that%20people%20with,the%20symptoms%20worse%20over%20time. 

SAMHSA. (2020). SAMHSA announces nearly $1.5b in funding availability for states, tribes to combat opioid crisis. https://www.samhsa.gov/newsroom/press-announcements/202003200500 

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2022). Biden-Harris administration awards more than $1.6 billion in funds for communities addressing addiction and overdose crises. https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/09/23/biden-harris-administration-awards-more-than1-6-billion-funds-communities-addressing-addiction-overdose-crises.html