Assignment: Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief
Sample Answer for Assignment: Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief Included
Assignment: Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief
Assignment: Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief
A Sample Answer for The Assignment: Assignment: Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief
Title: Assignment: Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief
Each administration in the White House has different agendas based in the healthcare issues and concerns. These concerns and issues become presidential agendas because of their impact on public health system and the wellbeing of individuals. The opioid epidemic is a national public health concern with many presidents making it a component of their agendas. Making the opioid epidemic a presidential issue is important in getting solutions to the problem because of its devastating effects on health outcomes and quality of life for affected individuals. By 2019, over 10 million individuals aged 12 years and above misused opioids while the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIH) asserts that close to 92,000 persons died because of drug-related overdose in 2020; these including illicit drugs as well as prescription opioids (Felter, 2021). The purpose of this paper is to compare the presidential policy agendas between the current president, Biden administration, and the previous, Trump administration on the opioid epidemic or crisis
| Identify the Population Health concern you selected. | Opioid Epidemic | |
| Describe the Population Health concern you selected. | The opioid epidemic entails the use of prescription drugs, non-prescription drugs and illicit substances. The genesis of the issue is an assurance by pharmaceutical companies that use of opioids for pain relieve does not lead to addiction. However, increased prescription of opioids led to widespread misuse before it became apparent that these medications were highly addictive. The federal government through the Health and Human Service (HHS) department declared opioids a public health emergency and later on an epidemic that requires mitigation measures (DHHS, 2021). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) asserts that close to 90,000 individuals died due to opioid-related overdose in 2020 while the epidemic costs the economy over $78 billion annually because of expenses associated with the treatment, healthcare costs, and rehabilitation among other aspects. The DHHS has developed a 5-point strategy to deal with the epidemic by empowering communities to tackle it with the aim of reducing morbidity and mortality. | |
| Administration (President Name) | Current President Biden and His Administration | Previous President Trump and His Administration |
| Explain how each of the two presidential administrations approached the issue. | The Biden administration through the American Rescue plan (ARP) and expansion of Affordable Care Act (ACA) focuses in improving access to quality health care with emphasis on treatment and rehabilitation of substance use disorder (SUD) as well as mental health (Ellerbeck, 2020). The expansion of health insurance coverage is a core aspect of dealing with the opioid epidemic by the current administration. The administration has also enhanced access to overdose treatment and prevention efforts to improve community response to the issue. | The last administration tackled the issue by increasing border patrols and getting tough on immigrants perceived to getting into the country to engage in illegal and illicit drug trafficking activities. Through the efforts like building of wall on the Mexican border, the amount of heroin seized and arrests by the federal government doubled (Frank & Haffjee, 2019). The administration declared the opioid crisis a national emergency as one of the initiatives to address the problem. |
| Identify the allocations of resources that the current and previous presidents dedicated to this issue. | The current administration allocated about $125 billion to help address this national concern or issue. These resources are meant to develop prevention programs, treatment interventions, recovery efforts, community empowerment, and education. | The previous administration of Trump has allocated about $13 billion to help law enforcement agencies develop new programs in response to the crisis (Wen & Sadeghi, 2020). The administration gave out another $1.6 billion to states and counties with high prevalence of drug use. The administration also allocated another $23 billion to improve border security and $21 billion for improvement of the infrastructure. |
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Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis
Using the information you recorded in Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid, complete the following to document information about the population health/healthcare issue you selected
| Administration | Biden Administration | Trump Administration |
| Which administrative agency (like HHS, CDC, FDA, OHSA) would most likely be responsible for helping you address the healthcare issue you selected? Why is this agency the most helpful? | The Biden administration uses the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) through the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the Health and human services department (HHD) (Robeznieks, 2021). The agency is the most helpful since it collects data and develops interventions as well as coordinates responses to public health emergencies that include pandemics and epidemics. The CDC and its affiliated agencies like the National Institute of Health are useful in the opioid crisis because of the expertise and resources allocated to it to handle public health emergencies and concerns. | The Trump administration was keen on using the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) along the border as well as Border Security under the department of Homeland Security (Frank & Haffjee, 2019). The DEA is responsible for controlling entry of any drugs and illicit substances into the country along its borders. The DEA is a federal agency that deals with enforcement of measures to prevent the transportation of illicit drugs, especially from foreign nations into the United States. Therefore, the Trump administration considered it the most appropriate agency in its war against drugs and the opioid crisis. |
| How do you think your selected healthcare issue might get on the presidential agenda? How does it stay there? | The healthcare issue is already a national public emergency and an epidemic. Upon its identification, proposals on how to address it arise and forwarded to a representative, mainly a Congressional member who brings the issue through developing a bill. Therefore, the issue becomes a presidential agenda when legislators discuss it and make recommendations on how to address it through a bill which is sent to the president for approval so it becomes law. | The opioid epidemic is a national public health issue that requires attention by all stakeholders, especially those in political positions like presidents and their administrations. Lobbying for effective measures to curb the opioid crisis attracts attention of all players, especially those in the political space. Therefore, getting the issue to be a presidential agenda needs using different aspects of lobbying that include legislators who can present the issue as part of their overall political promises and legislate on measures to address it. |
| Who would you choose to be the entrepreneur/ champion/sponsor (this can be a celebrity, a legislator, an agency director, or others) of the healthcare issue you selected? An example is Michael J. Fox a champion for Parkinson’s disease. | The opioid epidemic is a health concern that affects millions of American families and individuals. Therefore, the individuals to advance this issues should be those victims who have recovered from the drug addictions; these could be celebrities who once battled drug addictions. Healthcare stakeholders would also be champions for issue as they deal with different people who battle opioids and require interventions. | The opioid crisis is a national emergency that requires effective measures by all stakeholders to address. In this case, I would select elected representatives to champion the issue so that it gets to be a presidential agenda. Lobbying for measures to curb and prevent the opioid crisis is essential in addressing its detrimental effects on populations and individuals. I believe that having elected representatives championing the issue would lead to formulation of relevant bills to be presented to Congress for effective development of strategies to deal with the crisis. |
Part 3 Narrative
The opioid epidemic is a critical health concern and public emergency affecting millions of individuals and families across the country and need long-term approaches. The current administration and the previous one by Trump have different approaches and strategies to address opioids a public health issue. The issue is critical because of its adverse effects on individuals, especially those addicted, and the whole communities (Ellerbeck, 2020). Statistics from federal agencies and departments show that close to 90,000 individuals lose their lives every year because of the crisis while many individuals and families bore the brunt of socioeconomic conditions that the epidemic creates in their different spheres of life. It is critical that the issue becomes part of the presidential agenda during any election cycle in the country (Felter, 2021). The opioid epidemic is a national health issue and needs use of evidence-based practice interventions to help mitigate its effects on individuals, homes, and communities.
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Recovered or former addicts and healthcare providers like nurses are essential components of addressing the problem because of their unique positions. For instance, nurses are critical healthcare providers and frontline caregivers who interact with patients and carry out some of the interventions recommended by physicians. As care coordinators, they can advocate for patients for better care through the evidence-based practice (EBP) interventions to tackle the problem of opioids (Wen & Sadeghi, 2020). Nurses understand the extent of opioid crisis and effects on individuals. Therefore, working with survivors or recovering and recovered addicts, they can influence the formulation of policies to deliver interventions to reduce the prevalence of the condition. The involvement of nurses and former addicts ensures that they present pertinent issues which affect patients and hinder the delivery of better care, especially through the deployment of evidence-based practice in the opioid epidemic situation. The inclusion of these two stakeholders is critical because their interventions would be based on experience and expertise to develop better mitigations.
Conclusion
The opioid epidemic is a national health concern despite the emergence and reemergence of infectious diseases and needs all administrations at national and state levels to deal with it. The analysis shows the need to have stakeholders who understand and have experience in developing interventions to help reduce the impact on individuals and communities. The emergence of COVID-19 may have exacerbated the situation on how to deal with the epidemic. Stakeholders should support government to create better interventions to mitigate the prevalence of opioid addiction.
References
Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) (2021). 5-Point Strategy to Combat the Opioid Crisis.
https://www.hhs.gov/opioids/about-the-epidemic/hhs-response/index.html
Felter, C. (2021). The U.S. Opioid Epidemic. https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/us-opioid-epidemic
Frank, R. G. & Haffjee, R. L. (2019). The Trump Administration’s Actions to Address the Opioids Public Health Crisis–Reply.
JAMA Psychiatry, 2019;76(1):101-102. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.2761
Ellerbeck, A. (2020). The Health 202: Biden will also have the opioid epidemic to deal with amid the coronavirus pandemic.
The Washington Post.
Robeznieks, A. (2021). Biden administration boosts access to overdose prevention, treatment.
Wen, L. S. & Sadeghi, N. B. (2020). The opioid crisis and the 2020 US election: crossroads for a national epidemic.
Lancet, 396(10259):1316-1318. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32113-9.
Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief Assignment Template for Part 1 and Part 2
Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid
The health of children significantly depends on their access to health care services. Despite the improved health outcomes for children in the U.S. due to decreased rates of communicable diseases, recent economic and social changes have led to challenges to children’s health and their need for health services (Racine et al., 2014). Some of the health needs for children include chronic illness treatment, preventive care, prescription medicine, dental care, glasses, and mental health care. However, most uninsured children and those from low-income families have unmet health needs due to a lack of health insurance. The purpose of this assignment is to compare the administrative agendas of Presidents Trump, Obama, and Bush concerning health insurance for low-income children.
| Identify the Population Health concern you selected. | Health insurance for low-income children. | ||
| Describe the Population Health concern you selected and the factors that contribute to it. | Low-income children refer to children whose family income is above the eligibility for Medicaid but below the 200% poverty level, which is about $32,000 for a family of four. These children have high rates of uninsurance.Uninsurance inhibits access to care and significantly affects the health outcomes of U.S. children. Among the approximately 47 million uninsured Americans, more than 9 million are uninsured children. High uninsurance rates among low-income children are attributed to low family income, family structure, and racial, ethnic, and cultural factors. | ||
| Administration (President Name) | President Trump | President Obama | President Bush |
| Describe the administrative agenda focus related to this issue for the current and two previous presidents. | · President Trump’s agenda was to repeal and block grants for Medicaid and the Children’s Health Insurance Program to the states (Saltzman & Eibner 2016). | · President Obama’s administrative agenda was to ensure the health and well-being of children in the U.S (Hern, 2020). | · President Bush’s agenda was to expand public program coverage, particularly for children and low-income individuals and families (Gorin & Moniz, 2007). |
| Identify the allocations of financial and other resources that the current and two previous presidents dedicated to this issue. | · In 2017, President Trump proposed cutting CHIP by 20%.· In 2018, the Trump administration proposed slashing CHIP $7 billion. · In 2019, the president’s budget included an almost $1.5 trillion cut to Medicaid . | · Obama signed a bill that added $32.8 billion to the CHIP program (Hern, 2020).· The amount allowed coverage of an additional 4.1 million children. | · President Bush increased funding to commit health centers to help individuals that live in underserved and rural areas, including many uninsured people, low-income individuals, migrant farmworkers, homeless individuals, and children (Gorin & Moniz, 2007). |
| Explain how each of the presidential administrations approached the issue. | · President Trump increased barriers to accessing CHIP benefit programs through increasing burdens and imposing work requirements (Saltzman & Eibner 2016). | · President Obama signed the Children’s Health Insurance Reauthorization Act of 2009 into law (Racine et al., 2014).· The law provided health care coverage for an additional 4 million children and pregnant women, including ‘lawfully residing immigrant’ pregnant with no waiting period (Racine et al., 2014). | · President Bush vetoed two attempts to expand the CHIP program further (Gorin & Moniz, 2007).· However, he helped states extend coverage to approximately 2.6 million low-income Americans eligible under Medicaid and the State Child Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) by granting states waivers and approving state plan amendments. · He created an optional program for immigrant children, which improved access to health insurance for 423,000 children. |
Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis
Using the information you recorded in Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid, complete the following to document information about the population health/healthcare issue your selected
| Administration (President Name) | President Trump | President Obama | President Bush |
| Which administrative agency would most likely be responsible for helping you address the healthcare issue you selected? | · The Administration for Children & Families (ACF).· ACF is a division of the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services (HHS). · It would help address the issue since it promotes the economic and social well-being of families, children, and communities that need assistance in funding, strategic partnerships, guidance, and training. | · The Administration for Children & Families (ACF).· ACF is a division of the U.S. HHS. · It promotes the economic and social well-being of families, children, and communities that need assistance in funding, strategic partnerships, guidance, and training. | · The Administration for Children & Families (ACF).· ACF is a division of the U.S. HHS. · It promotes the economic and social well-being of families, children, and communities that need assistance in funding, strategic partnerships, guidance, and training. |
| How do you think your selected healthcare issue might get on the agenda for the current and two previous presidents? How does it stay there? | · Trump’s agenda was to block grants for CHIP, which would drastically increase the number of uninsured children (Saltzman & Eibner 2016).· The issue of healthcare insurance for low-income children might get on President Trump’s agenda by creating a policy that limits the president from cutting funding to the CHIP. | · The issue might get on Obama’s agenda on promoting the health and well-being of children by developing policies that increase CHIP funding to improve access to healthcare for children (Racine et al., 2014).· The policies can help sustain the CHIP funding and increase the number of children who have medical insurance. | · Bush’s agenda was to expand public program coverage for children and low-income families.· The issue of health insurance for low-income children can get on Bush’s age by enacting laws that increase children’s insurance coverage through the CHIP (Racine et al., 2014). |
| Who would you choose to be the entrepreneur/ champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue you selected for the current and two previous presidents? | · I would choose the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) to be the sponsor on health insurance for children from low-income families.· AAP is dedicated to health for all children. · It offers consultation and technical assistance to individuals seeking to influence state government policy. · AAP can be a great champion to advocate for investments in U.S children to promote child health and development. | · I would choose the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) to be the sponsor on healthcare for children from low-income families.· AAP is dedicated to health for all children. · It offers consultation and technical assistance to individuals seeking to influence state government policy. · AAP can be a great champion to advocate for investments in U.S children to promote child health and development. | · I would choose the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) to be the sponsor on healthcare for children from low-income families.· AAP is dedicated to health for all children. · It offers consultation and technical assistance to individuals seeking to influence state government policy. · AAP can be a great champion to advocate for investments in U.S children to promote child health and development. |
Part 3 Narrative
The issue of health insurance for low-income children is crucial since children’s access to health care is essential to their families and society. Access to health care significantly influences a child’s growth and development, physical and emotional health, and their capacity to reach their full potential as adults (Racine et al., 2014). Children have a high risk of developing preventable diseases if they do not access appropriate health care when they are sick or injured. Providing state-funded health insurance for these children is crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality rates among children and promote healthier communities. Children without health insurance are six times more likely to go without health care than children with private insurance or Medicaid (Racine et al., 2014). They experience delays seeking health care since their parents are usually concerned about payment. Therefore, it is essential that legislation on increasing coverage of CHIP be considered to provide health coverage to uninsured children in families with incomes too high to qualify for Medicaid but too low to afford private coverage.
The role of the nurse in agenda-setting for healthcare issues is to identify issues faced by patients in accessing care and those faced by providers in care delivery. Nurses have a role in presenting these issues to policymakers and proposing solutions to address them to improve access to care and patient care efficiencies (Williams et al., 2018). Besides, nurses can apply their knowledge and experiences to develop a policy proposal to help reduce the common healthcare issues (Williams et al., 2018). In agenda setting, the nurse has a role in advocating for their patients in order to have policies that improve their access to quality care.
Conclusion
Low-income children face numerous problems, with access to health care being the most common and complex. Lack of health insurance is a major barrier in accessing adequate health care for this population in the United States. The Children Health Insurance Program was established to provide child health assistance to uninsured, low-income children effectively and efficiently coordinated with other sources of health benefits coverage for children. Presidents Obama and Bush sought to increase health coverage for low-income children and passed laws that expanded CHIP coverage to millions of children. On the other hand, President Trump’s agenda was to cut funding for CHIP, leading to high rates of uninsured children.
References
Racine, A. D., Long, T. F., Helm, M. E., Hudak, M., Shenkin, B. N., Snider, I. G., … & Committee on Child Health Financing. (2014). Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP): Accomplishments, Challenges, and Policy Recommendations. Pediatrics, 133(3), e784-e793. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-4059
Gorin, S. H., & Moniz, C. (2007). Why does President Bush oppose the expansion of SCHIP?. Health & social work, 32(4), 243. DOI:10.1093/hsw/32.4.243
Hern, L. S. (2020). Resisting “Politics as Usual”: The Obama Era of Healthcare Reform. In Single-Payer Healthcare Reform (pp. 127-180). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Saltzman, E., & Eibner, C. (2016). Donald Trump’s health care reform proposals: Anticipated effects on insurance coverage, out-of-pocket costs, and the federal deficit. The Commonwealth Fund, 32, 1-14.
Williams, S. D., Phillips, J. M., & Koyama, K. (2018). Nurse Advocacy: Adopting a health in all policies approach. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 23(3). https://doi.org/10.3912/OJIN.Vol23No03Man01
It may seem to you that healthcare has been a national topic of debate among political leaders for as long as you can remember.
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Thank you for your post. Unfortunately, COVID-19 has changed our world dramatically. This virus is extremely dangerous for individuals who have underlying medical conditions such as, heart or lung disease. It is true that President Biden has put forth a great effort in the attempt to slow the spread of COVID-19. One plan that is currently being implemented is the COVID-19 vaccine. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2021), the COVID-19 vaccines are helpful in prevention of COVID-19 and will help end the current pandemic. Along with other precautions, like wearing masks for example, are all great ways to help control the spread of the COVID-19 virus. If I was the President, I would take the same precautions as President Biden. Being a nurse who has worked through this pandemic, and know people personally who have contracted the virus, I trust science and believe that at some point, we will be able to stop the spread of COVID-19.
On the other hand, former President Trump focused more on placing blame on the cause of the pandemic, rather than implementing interventions to help combat the virus. For example, building a wall to prevent entry into the United States was not effective in slowing the spread of the disease. As you stated in your discussion, it only led to people in different communities spreading it to one another. In conclusion, it is my belief that continuing to follow President Biden’s action plan in protecting ourselves against the virus by getting the COVID-19 booster, and having access to at-home testing for example, will lead to an end to this pandemic (Biden, 2021).
Hello Brett, your post is interesting. Both former president Trump and current president Biden have implemented various policies that would make pharmaceuticals less expensive. Medicaid and CHIP cover one in every five American citizens (Kiessling et al., 2022). This shows not everyone is covered to acquire healthcare and medications. Most of the citizens get out-of-pocket care which can be expensive for them, leaving them no option but to live untreated (Naser, 2022). Most pharmaceutical companies know the drugs that are usually in high demand like insulin, thus raising the cost of such drugs Kiessling et al., 2022). As much as the two presidents have tried to reduce the cost of pharmaceuticals, more measures are needed. There is a large number of Americans who die due to poor medication or lack of medication to treat their conditions (Naser, 2022). The main solution to his issue is to set up a specific price for certain medications that are in high demand to ensure even a low-income citizen can afford them. This can be achieved by the government negotiating with pharmaceutical companies and subsidizing them, to ensure pricing caps are set, which the companies should not exceed.
Trump emphasized the need to make pharmaceuticals significantly less expensive throughout his administration, although few policies were implemented to do this (Peter et al., 2021). Despite efforts to reduce its price, Insulin’s price remained unaffordable since certain healthcare organizations had set a ceiling on its price. Particular of the planned measures that were never put into effect include restricting the price of some medications in the nation and allowing patients to import medications from other nations where they were thought to be priced reasonably. Drug costs were supposed to be shown on television broadcasts, as mandated, but that never happened. Despite efforts to lower them, the issue of high medicine costs persisted under Trump’s presidency.
President Biden repeatedly emphasized in his address in Portland how hard he had worked to have the ceiling on prescription medicine costs lifted immediately (Bunis, 2022). President Biden signed the Inflation Reduction Act on August 16, 2022, putting an end to decades of hollow promises from previous presidents. All Americans would receive premium health standards at essentially no cost because of the program. He continued by saying that because the medication will be almost free under the new program, over 13 million individuals would save over $800 annually on health insurance. The statute also gives Medicare the power to bargain with pharmaceutical manufacturers over high-end prescription prices (Gavulic & Dusetzina, 2021). Additionally, the Inflation Reduction Act covered the $35 monthly cost of insulin, halting many Americans’ spending binge on the drug.
When it comes to solving the problem of medication cost prescription, Biden really made the most important step of the two. Despite signing an Act as Biden did, I would include specific provisions that not only allow medication pricing to be negotiated but also establish pricing caps that companies should not go over. Second, another thing I would have done to automatically reduce the pricing cost is to subsidize the manufacturing industry. Thank you!
The journey to specializing as a psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) has been many years in the making. Initially, my education and career choices focused on health and wellness. My work revolved around assisting individuals in being happy and healthy by making healthy lifestyle choices. This work was my passion for many years and was very rewarding. However, it felt like something was missing. People are struggling, and there are not enough providers to help them. As a PMHNP, I will be able to provide “holistic care for patients with psychiatric disorders and emotional challenges” and help those struggling (Walden, n.d.).
The PMHNP works with “individuals across the lifespan from infancy to old age (2013). The goal will be to work with patients seeking mental health support to assist them in optimal mental health. The process will involve assessment, diagnosis, and ongoing care of the individuals’ mental health over their lifetime.
The American Psychiatric Nurses Association is an organization that I will join. The organization will help me to develop relationships with peers as I grow in my career as a PMHNP. The task force members are “committed to ensuring excellence and stability in nurse practitioner education (2016). A solid education, an organization to support me, and a desire to help others improve their well-being drives me to complete my PMHNP.
Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief Assignment Template for Part 1 and Part 2
The opioid abuse and addiction has been a continuing challenge for many years. The most commonly misused and addictive opioids include heroin, prescription opioids, and synthetic opiods like Fentanyl. Opioid misuse and addiction has caused serious negative outcomes including deaths and disabilities (Park & Otte, 2019). Moreover, the problem does not only affect the health but also the social and economic wellbeing of Americans. This paper seeks to explore how Presidents Trump, Obama, and Bush administrations addressed this issue as an administrative agenda.
Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid
Use this Agenda Comparison Grid to document information about the population health/healthcare issue your selected and the presidential agendas. By completing this grid, you will develop a more in depth understanding of your selected issue and how you might position it politically based on the presidential agendas.
You will use the information in the Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid to complete the remaining Part 2 and Part 3 of your Assignment.
| Identify the Population Health concern you selected. | Opioid concerns | ||
| Describe the Population Health concern you selected and the factors that contribute to it. | Drug and substance abuse in US continues to bring several adverse effects such as mortality and disabilities. In particular, opioids is highly prevalent and has turned into crisis that is currently ravaging many people. The issue of opioids mostly emanates from inadequate information on medications prescriptions (Kaye et al., 2017). | ||
| Administration (President Name) | President Trump | President Obama | President Bush |
| Describe the administrative agenda focus related to this issue for the current and two previous presidents. | The administration of President Trump approached the issue of opioids crisis by declaring it as a public health emergency. Trump then opted to address the issue by controlling the supply and distribution among the masses, increasing access to prevention, treatment services, and recovery services to the victims. | The agendas President Obama’s administration implemented to curb the opioid crisis included setting legal framework to address the issue through legislation, enhancing better and efficient access to healthcare and limiting the capacity of prescribers to overprescribe. | The administration of President Bush considered the opioid issue mostly as a criminal issue rather a public health concern. As such, the administration invested heavily on law enforcement agencies to fight the drug issue. . |
| Identify the allocations of financial and other resources that the current and two previous presidents dedicated to this issue. | According the department of Health and Human Services (HHS) (2019), President Trump allocated more than $1.8 billion to be distributed to states to address the opioid crisis and expand access to treatment and also support near-real data on the crisis of drug overdose. | President Obama prioritized fight against opioid overdose and created measures to reduce drug use and overuse. In 2016, Obama proposed $1.1 Billion to be used in addressing the prescription opioid abuse and heroin use epidemic (The White House, 2016) | According to the White House (2002), President allocated nearly $2.3 billion dollars to help in interdicting drugs and prevent them from reaching the borders. This allocation was an increment of about 10% from the previous year. He also allocated human resources, especially security agencies to help guarding coastlines and borders to prevent illegal importations. |
| Explain how each of the presidential administrations approached the issue. | The Trump administration approached the opioids crisis using strategies such as deterrence, treatment, helping in recovery, studies on addiction and pain, and advanced pain management practice. | The Obama administration approached the issue by enhancing capacity for healthcare services and also increasing Medicaid coverage to the underserved and rural communities to increase access to healthcare services. The administration also provided education on healthcare professionals to enhance awareness and treatment and also help in treatment medication and reduction of stigma. | The Bush administration approached the issue through funding to help in management and also treating it as criminal issue, with much emphasis based on law enforcement agencies to address the issue from the crime perspective, while little attention was given healthcare approach. |
Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis
Using the information you recorded in Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid, complete the following to document information about the population health/healthcare issue your selected
| Administration (President Name) | President Trump | President Obama | President Bush |
| Which administrative agency would most likely be responsible for helping you address the healthcare issue you selected? | Since President Trump’s administration declared opioid crisis as public health emergency, the administrative agency that could best help in addressing the issue is health agencies such as CDC to help in creating the professionalism, tools, and information that enable people and communities to promote health, prevent injuries, diseases, disabilities, and become sensitive for new health risks. Trump also formed a Commission on Combating Drug Addiction and the Opioid Crisis, which is essential in recommending the best measures to address the opioid issue. The International Narcotics Trafficking Emergency Response By Detecting Incoming Contraband With Technology (INTERDICT) Act which was signed by Trump is also essential in enhancing screening tools for custom agents. | The best administrative agency that would be best responsible in addressing opioid crisis is CDC. President Barack Obama’s administration could cooperate with CDC to help in creating the professionalism, tools, and information that enable people and communities to promote health, prevent injuries, diseases, disabilities, and become sensitive for new health risks. | Although the Bush administration heavily relied in security agency and treated the issue of opioid crisis as more of criminal than public health issue, the best administrative agency that could address this was CDC. CDC is essential in creating the professionalism, tools, and information that enable people and communities to promote health, prevent injuries, diseases, disabilities, and become sensitive for new health risks |
| How do you think your selected healthcare issue might get on the agenda for the current and two previous presidents? How does it stay there? | Since, many people are affected by this issue, it is imperative that the issue gets on the agenda of this administration. One way is ensuring that politicians participate in planning how to address the issue. The issue of opioid crisis should be discussed through legislation and become part of the government agenda. Government leaders need to deliberate and create new ideas on addressing the problem. | Since, many people are affected by this issue, it is imperative that the issue gets on the agenda of this administration. One way is ensuring that politicians participate in planning how to address the issue. The issue of opioid crisis should be discussed through legislation and become part of the government agenda. Government leaders need to deliberate and create new ideas on addressing the problem. | Since, many people are affected by this issue, it is imperative that the issue gets on the agenda of this administration. One way is ensuring that politicians participate in planning how to address the issue. The issue of opioid crisis should be discussed through legislation and become part of the government agenda. Government leaders need to deliberate and create new ideas on addressing the problem. |
| Who would you choose to be the entrepreneur/ champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue you selected for the current and two previous presidents? | During the Trump administration, the best champion could be Admiral James Winnefeld due to his focus on drug addiction leading to creation of Stop Addiction Fatality Epidemic (SAFE). | The person who could be chosen as the best champion for the issue is Senator Sheldon Whitehouse. He introduced the Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act, which was later signed into law. | Hillary Clinton could be chosen due to her influential status as the first lady by the time opioid crisis started and also serving as a Senator. |
Part 3: Narrative
Why Opioid Crisis Issue is Important and Should be Included in the Agenda for Legislation
The issue of opioid misuse is increasing at an alarming rate in the in the US and is associated with dire consequences such as mortality and disabilities. According to HHS.gov (2019), two out of three drug overdose deaths in US in the year 2018 involved opioid. Moreover, Painter (2017) reports that opioid crisis is responsible for over 30,000 deaths annually. In the year 2017 alone, drug overdose killed over 70,000 people, with 50,000 of this being numbr being opioid related deaths. Currently, opioid crisis is highly prevalent and affecting everyone despite age, gender, race, status, or ethnic group. Long term use of Opioid is also associated with severe physical, social, psychological, and physiological effects. In fact, in severe cases, users can develop opioid use disorder and the associated withdrawal symptoms such as inability to control opioid use, inability to carry out work or academic responsibilities, and addiction, inability to conduct activities of daily life, and social and interpersonal problems. Concerning economic implications, opioid use disorder and associated symptoms requires heavy financial resources to manage, which causes remarkable financial burden on individuals, state, and federal government. Based on the above mentioned facts, the issue of opioid crisis is crucial and needs to be included in the legislative agenda of government.
Role of Nurses in Opioid Crisis Agenda Setting
Nurses can play significant role in setting agenda for opioid crisis such as provision of professional advice, early detection and prevention of opioid abuse and misuse, monitoring of opioid prescription, thus, can help in identification of patients who begin to be addicted (Hunnicutt et al., 2018). Nurses can also play advocacy roles by championing for application of best policies and techniques in managing pain, developing protocols for treating opioid addiction, and formulation of new standards on writing opioid prescription.
Conclusion
It has been established that the misuse and addiction of opioids possess a serious national crisis with negative effects on public health, economic, and social wellbeing. The seriousness of opioid crisis attracted the attention of Presidents Bush, Obama, and Trump who made significant contributions to address the issue. It is imperative for government to set serious health issues such as opioid crisis in government agenda to help in strengthening health systems and provide resources such as human and financial to address the issue. Moreover, setting opioid as legislative agenda is crucial in policy development and strategic management and planning for the issue.
References
Health and Human Services (HHS). (2019). Trump Administration Announces $1.8 Billion in Funding to States to Continue Combating Opioid Crisis. https://public3.pagefreezer.com/browse/HHS.gov/31-12-2020T08:51/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2019/09/04/trump-administration-announces-1-8-billion-funding-states-combating-opioid.html
HHS.gov. (2019). Opioid Crisis Statistics. https://www.hhs.gov/opioids/about-the-epidemic/opioid-crisis-statistics/index.html
Hunnicutt, J. N., Chrysanthopoulou, S. A., Ulbricht, C. M., Hume, A. L., Tjia, J., & Lapane, K. L. (2018). Prevalence of long‐term opioid use in long‐stay nursing home residents. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 66(1), 48-55. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15080
Kaye, A. D., Jones, M. R., Kaye, A. M., Ripoll, J. G., Galan, V., Beakley, B. D., … & Manchikanti, L. (2017). Prescription opioid abuse in chronic pain: an updated review of opioid abuse predictors and strategies to curb opioid abuse: part 1. Pain physician, 20(2S), S93-S109. https://europepmc.org/article/med/28226333#impact
Painter, S. G. (2017). Opiate crisis and healthcare reform in America: A review for nurses. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 22(2). DOI: 10.3912/OJIN.Vol22No02Man03
Park, K., & Otte, A. (2019). Prevention of opioid abuse and treatment of opioid addiction: current status and future possibilities. Annual review of biomedical engineering, 21, 61-
84. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-060418-052155
The White House (2016). FACT SHEET: President Obama Proposes $1.1 Billion in New Funding to Address the Prescription Opioid Abuse and Heroin Use Epidemic. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/02/02/president-obama-proposes-11-billion-new-funding-address-prescription
The White House. (2002). The President's National Drug Control Strategy. https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/02/20020212-2.html\
Agenda Comparison Grid And Fact Sheet Nurs 6050
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