A Sample Answer For the Assignment: Agenda Comparison Grid And Fact Sheet NURS 6050

Title: Agenda Comparison Grid And Fact Sheet NURS 6050

Agenda Comparison Grid And Fact Sheet NURS 6050

Agenda Comparison Grid And Fact Sheet NURS 6050

Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief Assignment Template for Part 1 and Part 2

Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid

The health of children significantly depends on their access to health care services. Despite the improved health outcomes for children in the U.S. due to decreased rates of communicable diseases, recent economic and social changes have led to challenges to children’s health and their need for health services (Racine et al., 2014). Some of the health needs for children include chronic illness treatment, preventive care, prescription medicine, dental care, glasses, and mental health care. However, most uninsured children and those from low-income families have unmet health needs due to a lack of health insurance. The purpose of this assignment is to compare the administrative agendas of Presidents Trump, Obama, and Bush concerning health insurance for low-income children.

Identify the Population Health concern you selected.	Health insurance for low-income children.
Describe the Population Health concern you selected and the factors that contribute to it.	Low-income children refer to children whose family income is above the eligibility for Medicaid but below the 200% poverty level, which is about $32,000 for a family of four. These children have high rates of uninsurance.Uninsurance inhibits access to care and significantly affects the health outcomes of U.S. children. Among the approximately 47 million uninsured Americans, more than 9 million are uninsured children. High uninsurance rates among low-income children are attributed to low family income, family structure, and racial, ethnic, and cultural factors.
Administration (President Name)	President Trump	President Obama	President Bush
Describe the administrative agenda focus related to this issue for the current and two previous presidents.	·       President Trump’s agenda was to repeal and block grants for Medicaid and the Children’s Health Insurance Program to the states (Saltzman & Eibner 2016).	·       President Obama’s administrative agenda was to ensure the health and well-being of children in the U.S (Hern, 2020).	·       President Bush’s agenda was to expand public program coverage, particularly for children and low-income individuals and families (Gorin & Moniz, 2007).
Identify the allocations of financial and other resources that the current and two previous presidents dedicated to this issue.	·       In 2017, President Trump proposed cutting CHIP by 20%.·       In 2018, the Trump administration proposed slashing CHIP $7 billion. ·       In 2019, the president’s budget included an almost $1.5 trillion cut to Medicaid .	·       Obama signed a bill that added $32.8 billion to the CHIP program (Hern, 2020).·       The amount allowed coverage of an additional 4.1 million children.	·       President Bush increased funding to commit health centers to help individuals that live in underserved and rural areas, including many uninsured people, low-income individuals, migrant farmworkers, homeless individuals, and children (Gorin & Moniz, 2007).
Explain how each of the presidential administrations approached the issue.	·       President Trump increased barriers to accessing CHIP benefit programs through increasing burdens and imposing work requirements (Saltzman & Eibner 2016).	·       President Obama signed the Children’s Health Insurance Reauthorization Act of 2009 into law (Racine et al., 2014).·       The law provided health care coverage for an additional 4 million children and pregnant women, including ‘lawfully residing immigrant’ pregnant with no waiting period (Racine et al., 2014).	·       President Bush vetoed two attempts to expand the CHIP program further (Gorin & Moniz, 2007).·       However, he helped states extend coverage to approximately 2.6 million low-income Americans eligible under Medicaid and the State Child Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) by granting states waivers and approving state plan amendments. ·       He created an optional program for immigrant children, which improved access to health insurance for 423,000 children.

 

Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis

Using the information you recorded in Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid, complete the following to document information about the population health/healthcare issue your selected

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Administration (President Name)	President Trump	President Obama	President Bush
Which administrative agency would most likely be responsible for helping you address the healthcare issue you selected?	·       The Administration for Children & Families (ACF).

·       ACF is a division of the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services (HHS).

·       It would help address the issue since it promotes the economic and social well-being of families, children, and communities that need assistance in funding, strategic partnerships, guidance, and training.·       The Administration for Children & Families (ACF).

·       ACF is a division of the U.S. HHS.

·       It promotes the economic and social well-being of families, children, and communities that need assistance in funding, strategic partnerships, guidance, and training.·       The Administration for Children & Families (ACF).

·       ACF is a division of the U.S. HHS.

·       It promotes the economic and social well-being of families, children, and communities that need assistance in funding, strategic partnerships, guidance, and training.How do you think your selected healthcare issue might get on the agenda for the current and two previous presidents? How does it stay there?·       Trump’s agenda was to block grants for CHIP, which would drastically increase the number of uninsured children (Saltzman & Eibner 2016).

·       The issue of healthcare insurance for low-income children might get on President Trump’s agenda by creating a policy that limits the president from cutting funding to the CHIP.·       The issue might get on Obama’s agenda on promoting the health and well-being of children by developing policies that increase CHIP funding to improve access to healthcare for children (Racine et al., 2014).

·       The policies can help sustain the CHIP funding and increase the number of children who have medical insurance.·        Bush’s agenda was to expand public program coverage for children and low-income families.

·       The issue of health insurance for low-income children can get on Bush’s age by enacting laws that increase children’s insurance coverage through the CHIP (Racine et al., 2014).Who would you choose to be the entrepreneur/ champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue you selected for the current and two previous presidents?·       I would choose the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) to be the sponsor on health insurance for children from low-income families.

·       AAP is dedicated to health for all children.

·       It offers consultation and technical assistance to individuals seeking to influence state government policy.

·       AAP can be a great champion to advocate for investments in U.S children to promote child health and development.·       I would choose the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) to be the sponsor on healthcare for children from low-income families.

·       AAP is dedicated to health for all children.

·       It offers consultation and technical assistance to individuals seeking to influence state government policy.

·       AAP can be a great champion to advocate for investments in U.S children to promote child health and development.·       I would choose the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) to be the sponsor on healthcare for children from low-income families.

·       AAP is dedicated to health for all children.

·       It offers consultation and technical assistance to individuals seeking to influence state government policy.

·       AAP can be a great champion to advocate for investments in U.S children to promote child health and development.

Part 3 Narrative

The issue of health insurance for low-income children is crucial since children’s access to health care is essential to their families and society. Access to health care significantly influences a child’s growth and development, physical and emotional health, and their capacity to reach their full potential as adults (Racine et al., 2014). Children have a high risk of developing preventable diseases if they do not access appropriate health care when they are sick or injured. Providing state-funded health insurance for these children is crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality rates among children and promote healthier communities. Children without health insurance are six times more likely to go without health care than children with private insurance or Medicaid (Racine et al., 2014). They experience delays seeking health care since their parents are usually concerned about payment. Therefore, it is essential that legislation on increasing coverage of CHIP be considered to provide health coverage to uninsured children in families with incomes too high to qualify for Medicaid but too low to afford private coverage.

The role of the nurse in agenda-setting for healthcare issues is to identify issues faced by patients in accessing care and those faced by providers in care delivery. Nurses have a role in presenting these issues to policymakers and proposing solutions to address them to improve access to care and patient care efficiencies (Williams et al., 2018). Besides, nurses can apply their knowledge and experiences to develop a policy proposal to help reduce the common healthcare issues (Williams et al., 2018). In agenda setting, the nurse has a role in advocating for their patients in order to have policies that improve their access to quality care.

Conclusion

Low-income children face numerous problems, with access to health care being the most common and complex. Lack of health insurance is a major barrier in accessing adequate health care for this population in the United States. The Children Health Insurance Program was established to provide child health assistance to uninsured, low-income children effectively and efficiently coordinated with other sources of health benefits coverage for children. Presidents Obama and Bush sought to increase health coverage for low-income children and passed laws that expanded CHIP coverage to millions of children. On the other hand, President Trump’s agenda was to cut funding for CHIP, leading to high rates of uninsured children.

 

 

References

Racine, A. D., Long, T. F., Helm, M. E., Hudak, M., Shenkin, B. N., Snider, I. G., … & Committee on Child Health Financing. (2014). Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP): Accomplishments, Challenges, and Policy Recommendations. Pediatrics, 133(3), e784-e793. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-4059

Gorin, S. H., & Moniz, C. (2007). Why does President Bush oppose the expansion of SCHIP?. Health & social work, 32(4), 243. DOI:10.1093/hsw/32.4.243

Hern, L. S. (2020). Resisting “Politics as Usual”: The Obama Era of Healthcare Reform. In Single-Payer Healthcare Reform (pp. 127-180). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.

Saltzman, E., & Eibner, C. (2016). Donald Trump’s health care reform proposals: Anticipated effects on insurance coverage, out-of-pocket costs, and the federal deficit. The Commonwealth Fund, 32, 1-14.

Williams, S. D., Phillips, J. M., & Koyama, K. (2018). Nurse Advocacy: Adopting a health in all policies approach. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 23(3). https://doi.org/10.3912/OJIN.Vol23No03Man01

Part 2 Assignment

The nursing profession is one of the most highlighted professions on which ethical standards are based. Nurses are primed to exercise ethics and ethical standards during their training to become nurses. Nursing students are particularly taught to write in a manner that reflects integrity. One of the most important aspects of ethical writing is to attribute credit to the original source of information when the information is not considered common knowledge (Dhammi & Haq, 2016). The nursing student as well as the practicing nurse, should understand that not attributing the proper credit, in one’s writing, is considered to be plagiarism. Understanding plagiarism in writing is a form of ethical integrity and sets the tone for other ethical concepts in the nursing field.

The field of nursing is based on ethical concepts. The profession strives to apply ethical consideration in every aspect of the nurse’s duties (Zahedi et al., 2013). One of the main tenets of the nursing profession is to respect the nurse and patient/client relationship, as it confers human dignity to all individuals. Another of these ethical principles, that forms the foundation of the profession, also includes accountability, responsibility and conscience. These ethical considerations, among others, allow the nursing profession to be one of the most ethically charged professions in society.

Grammarly and Safe Assign has optimized my writing for this assignment and will be used in subsequent writing assignments. Grammarly allows me to concisely and  grammatically execute my writing project. In addition, Grammarly lets me get an understanding of how to connect my thoughts within my writing projects. Safe Assign also demonstrates my need for attributing proper credit by highlighting sections of my writing that may be plagiarized. This also gives me a good sense of properly attributing credit to information sources.

References

Dhammi IK, Ul Haq R. What is plagiarism and how to avoid it? Indian J

Orthop. 2016 Nov-Dec;50(6):581-583. doi: 10.4103/0019-5413.193485.

Zahedi F, Sanjari M, Aala M, Peymani M, Aramesh K, Parsapour A,

Maddah SB, Cheraghi M, Mirzabeigi G, Larijani B, Dastgerdi MV. The code of ethics for nurses. Iran J Public Health. 2013 Jan 1;42(Supple1):1-8.

Part 2-Section 2

In addition to routinely utilizing Grammarly and Safe Assign, I will also use the above referenced papers to guide my academic integrity and success. The article that delineates how to avoid plagiarism, especially in nursing and medical writing, gives a good roadmap on attributing and applying proper credit to others (Dhammi & Haq, 2016). The article explains that knowledge that may be found in nursing and medical textbooks and journals. have to be examined carefully, as these sources may need to be given credit. The paper reports that information that is known and used in most everyday circumstances can be considered to be common knowledge. Information that requires citation is normally specific in nature and as such should not be considered common knowledge and needs to be cited. The paper also explains that it might be good practice to paraphrase information and attribute credit to the information source initially. Paraphrasing demonstrates one’s understanding of the information. According to the article, paraphrasing increases one’s full understanding of the subject matter within the article and gives us clarity on whether the information is common knowledge or information that should be cited.

 In terms of conducting oneself in an ethically professional manner, the above article clearly outlines the majority of fundamental ethical tenets in the nursing profession (Zahedi et al., 2013). The article gives a comprehensive list of ethical principles within the field of nursing. Following these ethical principles will allow the practicing nurse to conduct her/his duties in the most ethical fashion. In addition, examining each of these principles and how they apply to different instances in nursing, will allow me to constantly inject proper ethics in my role as a nurse.

Sample Answer for Agenda Comparison Grid And Fact Sheet NURS 6050 Included After Question

Assignment: Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet

By Day 7 of Week 2

Explain how each of the presidential administrations approached the issue.

Identify the allocations of resources that the two presidents dedicated to this issue.18 (18%) – 20 (20%)

The response clearly and accurately explains how the presidential administrations approached the issue and identifies the resource allocations dedicated to the issue.16 (16%) – 17 (17%)

The response accurately explains how the presidential administrations approached the issue and identifies the resource allocations dedicated to the issue.14 (14%) – 15 (15%)

The response is vague or partially inaccurate in its explanation of how the presidential administrations approached the issue, and/or in the identification of the resources allocated to the issue.0 (0%) – 13 (13%)

The response is missing or inaccurate in its explanation of how the presidential administrations approached the issue, and/or in the identification of the resources allocated to the issue.Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis- Address the following:

Which administrative agency would most likely be responsible for helping you address the healthcare issue you selected? Why is this agency most helpful?

How do you think your selected healthcare issue might get on the agenda? How does it stay there?

Who would you choose to be the entrepreneur/ champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue you selected and justify your selection.23 (23%) – 25 (25%)

The response clearly and accurately identifies an administrative agency most likely to be responsible for addressing the selected healthcare issue and why that agency is most helpful.

Response clearly and accurately explains how the healthcare issue gets on the agenda and remains there.

The response clearly and accurately identifies and justifies the entrepreneur/champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue selected.20 (20%) – 22 (22%)

The response identifies an administrative agency most likely to be responsible for addressing the selected healthcare issue and why that agency is most helpful.

Response clearly and accurately explains how the healthcare issue gets on the agenda and remains there.

Identification and justification of the entrepreneur/champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue is included.18 (18%) – 19 (19%)

The identification of an administrative agency responsible for addressing the selected healthcare issue is vague or inaccurate and justification is inaccurate or misaligned for why that agency is most helpful.

Explanation of how the healthcare issue gets on the agenda and remains there is vague or inaccurate.

Identification and/or justification of the entrepreneur/champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue selected is inaccurate or does not align with the healthcare issue.0 (0%) – 17 (17%)

Identification of an administrative agency responsible for addressing the selected healthcare issue is missing.

Explanation of how the healthcare issue gets on the agenda and remains there is inaccurate or missing.

Identification and/or justification of the entrepreneur/champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue selected is inaccurate or missing.Part 3: Fact Sheet

Based on your Agenda Comparison Grid for the healthcare issue you selected, develop a 1-2-page narrative that you could use to communicate with a policy- maker/legislator or a member of their staff for this healthcare issue.

Summarize why this healthcare issue is important and should be included in the agenda for legislation.

Justify the role of the nurse in agenda setting for healthcare issues27 (27%) – 30 (30%)

Creates an accurate and thorough fact sheet.

Using sufficient evidence, the response provides an accurate synthesis of evidence on why this healthcare issue is important and should be included in the agenda for legislation.

Response accurately justifies the role of the nurse in agenda setting for healthcare issues.24 (24%) – 26 (26%)

Creates an accurate fact sheet.

Using sufficient evidence, the response provides an accurate summary evidence on why this healthcare issue is important and should be included in the agenda for legislation.

Response accurately justifies the role of the nurse in agenda setting for healthcare issues.21 (21%) – 23 (23%)

Creates a fact sheet that is partially accurate or incomplete.

Response provides an incomplete or inaccurate summary of evidence on why this healthcare issue is important and should be included in the agenda for legislation.

Response partially or inaccurately justifies the role of the nurse in agenda setting for healthcare issues.0 (0%) – 20 (20%)

Creates a fact sheet that is inaccurate or incomplete.

Response provides an inaccurate summary of evidence or evidence is missing on why this healthcare issue is important and should be included in the agenda for legislation.

Response justifying the role of the nurse in agenda setting for healthcare issues is inaccurate and incomplete or missing.Resources10 (10%) – 10 (10%)

Response includes 3 or more course resources and 2 or more outside sources.8 (8%) – 8 (8%)

Response includes 2-3 course resources and 2 outside sources.7 (7%) – 7 (7%)

Response includes fewer than 2 course resources and/or fewer than 2 outside resources.0 (0%) – 6 (6%)

Response includes 2 or fewer resources.Written Expression and Formatting: Paragraph

Paragraphs make clear points that support well developed ideas, low logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused–neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance.5 (5%) – 5 (5%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity.4 (4%) – 4 (4%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time.3 (3%) – 3 (3%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%-79% of the time.0 (0%) – 2 (2%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity < 60% of the time.Written Expression and Formatting: English Writing Standards

Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation.5 (5%) – 5 (5%)

Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors.4 (4%) – 4 (4%)

Contains a few (1-2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.3 (3%) – 3 (3%)

Contains several (3-4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.0 (0%) – 2 (2%)

Contains many (≥5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding.Written Expression and Formatting:

The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, indentations, parenthetical/in- text citations, and reference list.5 (5%) – 5 (5%)

Uses correct APA format with no errors.4 (4%) – 4 (4%)

Contains a few (1-2) APA format errors.3 (3%) – 3 (3%)

Contains several (3-4) APA format errors.0 (0%) – 2 (2%)

Contains many (≥5) APA format errors.Total Points: 100

Name: NURS_6050_Module01_Week02_Assignment_Rubric

 

Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief Assignment Template for Part 1 and Part 2

The opioid abuse and addiction has been a continuing challenge for many years. The most commonly misused and addictive opioids include heroin, prescription opioids, and synthetic opiods like Fentanyl. Opioid misuse and addiction has caused serious negative outcomes including deaths and disabilities (Park &amp; Otte, 2019). Moreover, the problem does not only affect the health but also the social and economic wellbeing of Americans. This paper seeks to explore how Presidents Trump, Obama, and Bush administrations addressed this issue as an administrative agenda.

Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid

Use this Agenda Comparison Grid to document information about the population health/healthcare issue your selected and the presidential agendas. By completing this grid, you will develop a more in depth understanding of your selected issue and how you might position it politically based on the presidential agendas.

You will use the information in the Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid to complete the remaining Part 2 and Part 3 of your Assignment.

Identify the Population Health concern you selected.

Opioid concerns

 Describe the Population Health concern you selected and the factors that contribute to it. Drug and substance abuse in US continues to bring several adverse effects such as mortality and disabilities. In particular, opioids is highly prevalent and has turned into crisis that is currently ravaging many people. The issue of opioids mostly emanates from inadequate information on medications prescriptions (Kaye et al., 2017).Administration (President Name)President TrumpPresident ObamaPresident BushDescribe the administrative agenda focus related to this issue for the current and two previous presidents.The administration of President Trump approached the issue of opioids crisis by declaring it as a public health emergency. Trump then opted to address the issue by controlling the supply and distribution among the masses, increasing access to prevention, treatment services, and recovery services to the victims.The agendas President Obama’s administration implemented to curb the opioid crisis included setting legal framework to address the issue through legislation, enhancing better and efficient access to healthcare and limiting the capacity of prescribers to overprescribe.The administration of President Bush considered the opioid issue mostly as a criminal issue rather a public health concern. As such, the administration invested heavily on law enforcement agencies to fight the drug issue.

.Identify the allocations of financial and other resources that the current and two previous presidents dedicated to this issue.According the department of Health and Human Services (HHS) (2019), President Trump allocated more than $1.8 billion to be distributed to states to address the opioid crisis and expand access to treatment and also support near-real data on the crisis of drug overdose.

President Obama prioritized fight against opioid overdose and created measures to reduce drug use and overuse. In 2016, Obama proposed $1.1 Billion to be used in addressing the prescription opioid abuse and heroin use epidemic (The White House, 2016)

According to the White House (2002), President allocated nearly $2.3 billion dollars to help in interdicting drugs and prevent them from reaching the borders. This allocation was an increment of about 10% from the previous year. He also allocated human resources, especially security agencies to help guarding coastlines and borders to prevent illegal importations.Explain how each of the presidential administrations approached the issue.The Trump administration approached the opioids crisis using strategies such as deterrence, treatment, helping in recovery, studies on addiction and pain, and advanced pain management practice.The Obama administration approached the issue by enhancing capacity for healthcare services and also increasing Medicaid coverage to the underserved and rural communities to increase access to healthcare services. The administration also provided education on healthcare professionals to enhance awareness and treatment and also help in treatment medication and reduction of stigma.The Bush administration approached the issue through funding to help in management and also treating it as criminal issue, with much emphasis based on law enforcement agencies to address the issue from the  crime perspective, while little attention was given healthcare approach.

Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis

Using the information you recorded in Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid, complete the following to document information about the population health/healthcare issue your selected

Administration (President Name)	President Trump	President Obama	President Bush
Which administrative agency would most likely be responsible for helping you address the healthcare issue you selected?	Since President Trump’s administration declared opioid crisis as public health emergency, the administrative agency that could best help in addressing the issue is health agencies such as CDC to help in creating the professionalism, tools, and information that enable people and communities to promote health, prevent injuries, diseases, disabilities, and become sensitive for new health risks.

Trump also formed a Commission on Combating Drug Addiction and the Opioid Crisis, which is essential in recommending the best measures to address the opioid issue.

The International Narcotics Trafficking Emergency Response By Detecting Incoming Contraband With Technology (INTERDICT) Act which was signed by Trump is also essential in enhancing screening tools for custom agents.The best administrative agency that would be best responsible in addressing opioid crisis is CDC.

President Barack Obama’s administration could cooperate with CDC to help in creating the professionalism, tools, and information that enable people and communities to promote health, prevent injuries, diseases, disabilities, and become sensitive for new health risks.Although the Bush administration heavily relied in security agency and treated the issue of opioid crisis as more of criminal than public health issue, the best administrative agency that could address this was CDC. CDC is essential in creating the professionalism, tools, and information that enable people and communities to promote health, prevent injuries, diseases, disabilities, and become sensitive for new health risksHow do you think your selected healthcare issue might get on the agenda for the current and two previous presidents? How does it stay there?Since, many people are affected by this issue, it is imperative that the issue gets on the agenda of this administration. One way is ensuring that politicians participate in planning how to address the issue. The issue of opioid crisis should be discussed through legislation and become part of the government agenda. Government leaders need to deliberate and create new ideas on addressing the problem.Since, many people are affected by this issue, it is imperative that the issue gets on the agenda of this administration. One way is ensuring that politicians participate in planning how to address the issue. The issue of opioid crisis should be discussed through legislation and become part of the government agenda. Government leaders need to deliberate and create new ideas on addressing the problem.Since, many people are affected by this issue, it is imperative that the issue gets on the agenda of this administration. One way is ensuring that politicians participate in planning how to address the issue. The issue of opioid crisis should be discussed through legislation and become part of the government agenda. Government leaders need to deliberate and create new ideas on addressing the problem.Who would you choose to be the entrepreneur/ champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue you selected for the current and two previous presidents?During the Trump administration, the best champion could be Admiral James Winnefeld due to his focus on drug addiction leading to creation of Stop Addiction Fatality Epidemic (SAFE).The person who could be chosen as the best champion for the issue is Senator Sheldon Whitehouse. He introduced the Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act, which was later signed into law.Hillary Clinton could be chosen due to her influential status as the first lady by the time opioid crisis started and also serving as a Senator.

 

 

Part 3: Narrative

Why Opioid Crisis Issue is Important and Should be Included in the Agenda for Legislation

The issue of opioid misuse is increasing at an alarming rate in the in the US and is associated with dire consequences such as mortality and disabilities. According to HHS.gov (2019), two out of three drug overdose deaths in US in the year 2018 involved opioid. Moreover, Painter (2017) reports that opioid crisis is responsible for over 30,000 deaths annually. In the year 2017 alone, drug overdose killed over 70,000 people, with 50,000 of this being numbr being opioid related deaths. Currently, opioid crisis is highly prevalent and affecting everyone despite age, gender, race, status, or ethnic group. Long term use of Opioid is also associated with severe physical, social, psychological, and physiological effects. In fact, in severe cases, users can develop opioid use disorder and the associated withdrawal symptoms such as inability to control opioid use, inability to carry out work or academic responsibilities, and addiction, inability to conduct activities of daily life, and social and interpersonal problems. Concerning economic implications, opioid use disorder and associated symptoms requires heavy financial resources to manage, which causes remarkable financial burden on individuals, state, and federal government. Based on the above mentioned facts, the issue of opioid crisis is crucial and needs to be included in the legislative agenda of government.

Role of Nurses in Opioid Crisis Agenda Setting

Nurses can play significant role in setting agenda for opioid crisis such as provision of professional advice, early detection and prevention of opioid abuse and misuse, monitoring of opioid prescription, thus, can help in identification of patients who begin to be addicted (Hunnicutt et al., 2018). Nurses can also play advocacy roles by championing for application of best policies and techniques in managing pain, developing protocols for treating opioid addiction, and formulation of new standards on writing opioid prescription.

Conclusion

It has been established that the misuse and addiction of opioids possess a serious national crisis with negative effects on public health, economic, and social wellbeing. The seriousness of opioid crisis attracted the attention of Presidents Bush, Obama, and Trump who made significant contributions to address the issue. It is imperative for government to set serious health issues such as opioid crisis in government agenda to help in strengthening health systems and provide resources such as human and financial to address the issue. Moreover, setting opioid as legislative agenda is crucial in policy development and strategic management and planning for the issue.

References

Health and Human Services (HHS). (2019). Trump Administration Announces $1.8 Billion in Funding to States to Continue Combating Opioid Crisis. https://public3.pagefreezer.com/browse/HHS.gov/31-12-2020T08:51/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2019/09/04/trump-administration-announces-1-8-billion-funding-states-combating-opioid.html

HHS.gov. (2019). Opioid Crisis Statistics. https://www.hhs.gov/opioids/about-the-epidemic/opioid-crisis-statistics/index.html

Hunnicutt, J. N., Chrysanthopoulou, S. A., Ulbricht, C. M., Hume, A. L., Tjia, J., & Lapane, K. L. (2018). Prevalence of long‐term opioid use in long‐stay nursing home residents. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 66(1), 48-55. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15080

Kaye, A. D., Jones, M. R., Kaye, A. M., Ripoll, J. G., Galan, V., Beakley, B. D., … & Manchikanti, L. (2017). Prescription opioid abuse in chronic pain: an updated review of opioid abuse predictors and strategies to curb opioid abuse: part 1. Pain physician, 20(2S), S93-S109. https://europepmc.org/article/med/28226333#impact

Painter, S. G. (2017). Opiate crisis and healthcare reform in America: A review for nurses. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 22(2). DOI: 10.3912/OJIN.Vol22No02Man03

Park, K., &amp; Otte, A. (2019). Prevention of opioid abuse and treatment of opioid addiction: current status and future possibilities. Annual review of biomedical engineering, 21, 61-

84. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-060418-052155

The White House (2016). FACT SHEET: President Obama Proposes $1.1 Billion in New Funding to Address the Prescription Opioid Abuse and Heroin Use Epidemic. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/02/02/president-obama-proposes-11-billion-new-funding-address-prescription

The White House. (2002). The President&#39;s National Drug Control Strategy. https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/02/20020212-2.html\

Agenda Comparison Grid Assignment Template for Part 1 and Part 2 

Different presidents have different agendas on health care issues and concerns when they are elected into the Oval Office. These concerns become presidential agendas because of their effects on public health and individual’s wellbeing. The opioid crisis remains a national public health concern with presidents making it part of their presidential agendas and seeking Americans’ support to tackle it. Positioning the opioid crisis as a presidential agenda is essential in getting solutions to issue because of its devastating effects on health outcomes and quality of life (Robeznieks, 2021). The essence of this comparison grid is to compare how current and previous administrations have handled the Opioid crisis. The paper in its three parts discusses the concern and offers analysis and a brief its significance and the role of nurses in setting agenda for healthcare issues. Use this Agenda Comparison Grid to document information about the population health/healthcare issue you selected  

Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid  

Identify the Population Health concern you selected.	The population health issue selected is the Opioid Crisis and Overdose.
Describe the Population Health concern you selected.	Opioid abuse or addiction occurs due to the use of prescription drugs, non-prescription drugs and outlawed substances or illegal drugs. The Center for Disease Control and Prevent asserts that the epidemic leads to catastrophic impacts on individuals, neighborhoods and communities. These effects include substance use disorder, mental health issues and mortality that may happen due to overdosing of the drugs. For instance, in 2016 Opioid overdose caused over 46,000 deaths. Recent statistics show that close to 90,000 overdose fatalities occurred between 2019 and 2020 President Trump declared the opioid crisis a public health emergency. The National Institute of Health (NIH) asserts that the crisis costs the economy over $78 billion each year due to expenses related to treatment, healthcare costs, criminal involvement and rehabilitation as well as time lost by the most affected individuals. Federal departments and agencies have dedicated resources and strategies to tackle the epidemic. The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) launched a 5-point strategy focused on empowering communities to tackle the opioid epidemic with the aim of reducing morbidity and mortality.
Administration (President Name)	Current President President Joe Biden	Previous Present  President Donald Trump	Previous President President Barack Obama
Explain how each of the two presidential administrations approached the issue.	The current Biden administration focuses on ensuring that people have access to high quality health care that comprises of substance use disorder treatment and mental health services. Through efforts to expand insurance coverage under the Affordable Care Act or Obamacare, the Biden administration is keen on expanding Medicaid for mental health and substance use disorder services (Robeznieks, 2021). The administration has also boosted access to overdose treatment and prevention	President Trump make efforts to tackle the problem by increasing border patrols through his agenda of building a wall on the border with Mexico to control the trafficking of drugs. The seizure of heroin and trafficking arrests that doubled between 2007 and 2017 are some of the continual efforts by the president Trump to deal with the crisis.  Efforts by the administration also include introduction of new limits on opioid prescriptions through the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines (Frank & Haffjee, 2019). Under his administration, the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) introduced pharmaceutical companies to minimize their production of certain opioids like morphine and fentanyl. The Justice Department also ramped up its efforts to prosecute those involved in trafficking and over prescription of drugs. It is important to note that the Trump Administration declared the opioid epidemic as a national health emergency.	The Obama administration focused on efforts to create and develop programs like monitoring of prescription, drug take-back at local police stations and pharmacies within the community. The administration enhanced programs to rehabilitate and treat individuals battling actions. The rolling out of the Affordable Care Act was a critical step in enhancing access to healthcare, including mental health for millions of Americans and their families battling the opioid epidemic. Obama also signed the Bipartisan Bill to Combat Opioid Epidemic in 2016. The bill aimed at offering a multifaceted approach to dealing with the epidemic and enhancing access to effective treatment.
Identify the allocations of resources that the current and previous presidents dedicated to this issue.	The Biden administration has proposed to allocate or spend about $125 billion to tackle the crisis (Ellerbeck, 2020). The resources will focus on developing prevention programs, treatment and recovery effort.	The Trump administration allocated over $13 billion to assist law enforcement to initiate several novel initiatives to respond to the crisis. The administration made an addition allocation of 1.6 billion to 12 states and 13 counties with high drug abuse cases (Frank & Haffjee, 2019). The administration also outlined 21 billion for infrastructure and $23 billion to enhance border security, including the construction of the border wall.	The Obama administration allocated close to $28 billion to support efforts to control drug trafficking and other activities like treatment and creating awareness.
Explain how each of  the presidential  administrations  approached the issue.	The Biden administration’s main approach is to allocate more resources to battle the epidemic amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic. The administration is also keen restructuring the criminal justice system to ensure that no individual is jailed due to drug use alone (Ellerbeck, 2020). The administration is also keen on holding big Pharmaceuticals responsible for the over-prescription of opioids.	The main approach of the administration on the issue was to enhance border security and have stricter indictment using the Justice Department for drug dealers. The administration also enacted a Safer Prescribing Initiative to reduce opioid prescription fills by over one-third.	The primary approach to dealing with the crisis was expansion of health access through the Affordable Care Act. Enforcement efforts targeted illegal opioid supply chain, stopping physician-shopping attempts and having experts to offer guidance.

Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis  

Administration	Biden Administration	Trump Administration	Obama Administration
Which administrative agency (like HHS, CDC, FDA, OHSA) would most likely be responsible for helping you address the healthcare issue you selected? Why is this agency the most helpful?	The Biden administration is more likely to use the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).	Under president Trump, the most likely administrative agency to assist in the crisis was the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA). The agency was responsible for controlling illegal quantities of opioids getting into the country.	President Obama’s administration focused its efforts through the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration (SAMHSA). The administration showed its commitment even during the administration of Obama’s successor, Trump.
How do you think your selected healthcare issue might get on the presidential agenda? How does it stay there?	Upon the identification of a public health issue, proposals on how to combat it is taken to a public representative who brings the issue to Congress through the legislative process (Robeznieks, 2021). Upon its approval through voting, the proposed bill is sent to the President for his or her assent so that it becomes law.	Upon the identification of a public health issue, proposals on how to combat it is taken to a public representative who brings the issue to Congress through the legislative process. Upon its approval through voting, the proposed bill is sent to the President for his or her assent so that it becomes law.	Upon the identification of a public health issue, proposals on how to combat it is taken to a public representative who brings the issue to Congress through the legislative process (SAMHSA, 2017) Upon its approval through voting, the proposed bill is sent to the President for his or her assent so that it becomes law.
Who would you choose to be the entrepreneur/ champion/sponsor (this can be a celebrity, a legislator, an agency director, or others) of the healthcare issue you selected? An example is Michael J. Fox a champion for Parkinson’s disease.	Healthcare stakeholders include consumers and community members, especially vulnerable and racial minorities. These individuals share similar perspectives on remedying the situation. Therefore, they are the most effective in championing the healthcare issue of addressing the opioid crisis.	Healthcare stakeholders include consumers and community members, especially vulnerable and racial minorities. These individuals share similar perspectives on remedying the situation. Therefore, they are the most effective in championing the healthcare issue of addressing the opioid crisis.	Healthcare stakeholders include consumers and community members, especially vulnerable and racial minorities. These individuals share similar perspectives on remedying the situation. Therefore, they are the most effective in championing the healthcare issue of addressing the opioid crisis.

Part 3: Narrative 

The opioid crisis is a serious public health issue or concern that affects the nation and needs long-term interventions. As demonstrated, the current Biden administration and the previous administrations of Presidents Trump and Obama continue to develop strategies and interventions to address the issue through enacting legislations, making declaration that the epidemic is a national emergency. The opioid crisis is a n important healthcare issue because of the adverse effects that it creates to the entire population. Close to 90,000 Americans lose their lives each year due to this epidemic while many individuals and communities bear the brunt of the economic and social impacts that the situation creates in their lives, homes and communities (Wen & Sadeghi, 2020). Therefore, it is an important issue that should always inform any president and presidential candidate. The opioid crisis is a public health issue and one that requires the implementation of evidence-based practice interventions.   

Nurses are a critical component of healthcare delivery and interact more with patients and health populations than other health professionals. As such, they advocate for their patients and colleagues for better care delivery, welfare, and attainment of optimal care outcomes. As patient advocates and frontline care providers, they play a critical role in setting agenda for healthcare issues because they understand the extent of these matters and their effects on patients. Nurses’ role includes implementing evidence-based practice interventions, providing culturally-competent care and addressing health emergencies and diseases; especially epidemics and pandemics (Robeznieks, 2021). The inclusion of nurses in agenda setting ensures that they present issues which impact patients and hinder the delivery of patient-centered care, especially in communities with serious incidences of opioid overdose. Therefore, the role of nurses includes having an expertise perspective as they are professionals who understand the concerns that impact patients and their families.  

Conclusion 

The Opioid crisis remains a national health issue and concern that requires all administration, especially at the federal, too develop interventions to mitigate its prevalence. As illustrated in this analysis, nurses and other providers should develop a collaborative approach to address the current opioid crisis that has been exacerbated the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, practitioners and other stakeholders must offer support to government to develop better interventions to reduce the prevalence of the issue.  

References 

Department of Health and Human Services. 5-Point Strategy to Combat the Opioid Crisis.  

Ellerbeck, A. (2020). The Health 202: Biden will also have the opioid epidemic to deal with amid the coronavirus pandemic.  

Felter, C. (2021). The U.S. Opioid Epidemic. https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/us-opioid-epidemic 

Frank, R. G. & Haffjee, R. L. (2019). The Trump Administration’s Actions to Address the Opioids Public Health Crisis–Reply. JAMA  

https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/opioids/biden-administration-boosts-access-overdose-prevention-treatment

https://www.hhs.gov/opioids/about-the-epidemic/hhs-response/index.html

https://www.samhsa.gov/newsroom/press-announcements/202103110230

Lancet, 396(10259):1316-1318. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32113-9.  

Psychiatry, 2019;76(1):101-102. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.2761 

Robeznieks, A. (2021). Biden administration boosts access to overdose prevention, treatment.  

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) (2021). With Pandemic Worsening the Mental Illness and Addiction Crisis, Biden Administration to Provide Nearly $2.5 Billion to States, Territories for Treatment, Prevention Aid  

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) (2017). SAMHSA Reaffirms Efforts to Address the Public Health Emergency on the Opioid Crisis. https://www.samhsa.gov/newsroom/press-announcements/201710260100 

The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/11/16/health-202-biden-will-also-have-opioid-epidemic-deal-with-amid-coronavirus-pandemic/ 

Wen, L. S. & Sadeghi, N. B. (2020). The opioid crisis and the 2020 US election: crossroads for a national epidemic.