Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis and Healthcare Insurance Fact Sheet
A Sample Answer For the Assignment: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis and Healthcare Insurance Fact Sheet
Title: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis and Healthcare Insurance Fact Sheet
Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis and Healthcare Insurance Fact Sheet
Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis and Healthcare Insurance Fact Sheet
The U.S. government initiates various health policies and agendas to support the care needs of citizens. In every electioneering period, politicians consider health a matter of special concern as it determines the response of the electorates. Agenda comparison grid provides a platform to evaluate the health policies of successive administrations to ascertain how the governments tackled a given health issue (Corrigan & Nieweglowski, 2018). For instance, opioid crisis has emerged to be an issue of public health concern and this rallied debates in the past three regimes in America. However, how the issue was tackled remains obscure considering the negative outcomes associated with addiction in contemporary society. In this regard, the present illustration is an agenda comparison grid to analyze how President Trump, Obama, and Bush tackled the opioid crisis during their reign. Narration will be provided to summarize the approaches used by successive administrations in addressing the issue.
Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid
| Identify the Population Health concern you selected. | Health issue is opioid misuse, overdoses and addictions as well as measures taken by successive administrations to tackle the problem.
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| Describe the Population Health concern you selected and the factors that contribute to it. | Compulsive use of opioids is one of the significant issue of concern in the U.S. health system. In the late 1990s, there was increased use of prescription opioid medications which not only led to increased misuse of prescription opioids but also created a loophole for the widespread use of non-prescription opioids (Rigg, Monnat & Chavez, 2018). Statistics from the National Institute of Drug Abuse (2019), indicate that 21 to 29% of all patients using prescription opioids misuse them. Besides, about 8 to 12% of patients using the drug for chronic pain management develop an addiction. Currently, opioid abuse affects more than 1.7 million Americans and about 47,000 fatalities are recorded every year due to opioid overdose. Nonetheless, the U.S. government spends an average of $78.5 billion annually on opioid addiction treatment as well as other health care costs arising from the misuse of the drug. Opioid misuse is a public health concern because it leads to neonatal abstinence syndrome in pregnant women and is also related to the increased spread of viral diseases such as HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis C (Davis & Carr, 2019). | ||
| Administration (President Name) | President Trump | President Obama | President Bush |
| Describe the administrative agenda focus related to this issue for the current and two previous presidents. | About 42,000 deaths were associated with opioid overdoses in 2016 and this rose to 50,000 deaths in 2019. The National Institute of Drug Abuse estimates about 40% of opioid overdose deaths to be involved with prescription opioids in America. In this regard, President Trump pronounced opioid crisis as a matter of public health concern in October 2017. The declaration led to the introduction of “Stop Opioid Abuse” program in 2018. Additionally, Trump administration initiated the Safer Prescribing Plan to reduce opioid prescription by 33% in a span of three years. The government also worked with the American Congress to pass a motion on the Support Act in 2019 (Sobotka & Stewart, 2020). | No new legislations were introduced to tackle opioid menace. However, Obama administration roused the Congress to support initiatives, interventions as well as rehabilitation efforts aimed at addressing Opioid crisis. Obama requested the Congress to provide guidelines on modalities of treating opioid misuse. Besides, the administration sensitized health care personnel to monitor prescription opioid administration so as to encourage safe pain management without opioid addiction. The government also provided funds for research on opioid addiction and overdose as well as encourage safe disposal of prescription opioids that are not needed. | Opioid crisis emerged an issue of public health concern in 2006 under Bush administration. In this period, the National Drug Control Policy singled out oxycodone as the second commonly misused opioid in America. The identification of this drug came at a time Bush prepared to leave office and therefore it did not feature in his national health agenda for a consideration (Corrigan & Nieweglowski, 2018). |
| Identify the allocations of financial and other resources that the current and two previous presidents dedicated to this issue. | Trump administration allocated $6 billion in October 2018 to address opioid crisis for a span of two years (Davis & Carr, 2019). | During Obama’s reign, $1.1 billion was set aside to support treatment approaches for Americans battling with opioid addiction. The funding aimed at improvement in prescription opioid monitoring, prescriber education and support on safe disposal of opioids not needed by patients. The financial incentive also aimed at providing support to those on recovery from opioid addiction (Beletsky & Davis, 2017). | No funding was set aside by the Bush’s administration since the issue of opioid misuse was on its discovery stage. |
| Explain how each of the presidential administrations approached the issue. | President Trump used a multidimensional approach to tackle opioid crisis. In the initial stage, the government focused on reducing demands for over-prescription of the medication by educating Americans on the dangers related to opioid use. The other method was to interrupt and limit non-prescription drugs in the supply chain in a bid to curtail misuse. In the final approach, Trump administration initiated programs to support Americans entangled with opioid addiction by providing treatment options needed during recovery (Sobotka & Stewart, 2020). | President Obama initiated support to address opioid crisis through allocating budgets and other comprehensive approaches in different perspectives. The Affordable Care Act also aimed at supporting treatment for the opioid addicts. | Bush administration did not consider opioid crisis worthy of mention because it was newly discovered as a matter of health concern and there was no anticipation that it might affect future health system. |
Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis
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| Administration (President Name) | President Trump | President Obama | President Bush |
| Which administrative agency would most likely be responsible for helping you address the healthcare issue you selected? | The executive authority of the government is to establish the need for a legislative agenda on the issue of opioid crisis. The Congress on the other hand served to actualize the proposed legislative reform to benefit Americans. As such, the two arms of governments will help address the health issue. | In the Obama’s administration, the Congress responded to opioid crisis through approving funding to support those suffering from addictions. President Obama also considered opioid crisis in his health agenda and therefore prioritized to address it (Rigg, Monnat & Chavez, 2018). | The National Drug Control Policy provided a foundation to examine opioid crisis in 2006. Bush administration was therefore pivotal in identifying opioid misuse at early stages before it was forwarded for a consideration in 2009. |
| How do you think your selected healthcare issue might get on the agenda for the current and two previous presidents? How does it stay there? | Opioid crisis escalated in the Trump administration due to the largest funding in managing the crisis when compared with the previous administrations. The funding is anticipated to increase in support for those recovering from addiction (Sobotka & Stewart, 2020). | Obama singled out opioid crisis in his health agenda due to rising trends of addiction. In this regard, substantial financial resources were allocated to address the issue. The health agenda continued as a priority matter for the White House as evidenced by continued support granted to those recovering from addiction. | President Bush did not consider opioid a major issue to incorporate in his health agenda. |
| Who would you choose to be the entrepreneur/ champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue you selected for the current and two previous presidents? | President Trump would be the ideal initiator and sponsor for the opioid crisis. The administration realized the immense challenges associated with opioid misuse and White House was at a better position to handle the matter. As a promoter, President Trump would work hand in hand with Congress to consider it as an agenda of discussion and also to persuade politicians to address it as a matter of national concern. Health administrations, doctors, nurses and other health staff would act as champions to support the agenda and see its implementation in care facilities. | President Obama is considered as the ideal entrepreneur of the health issue. He identified it in his health agenda and supported it in good faith. Nurses and other health staff would be the champions in supporting initiatives aimed at addressing the health issue (Sobotka & Stewart, 2020). | Nurses, doctors and health workers acted as champions in providing expert opinion regarding opioid crisis (Beletsky & Davis, 2017). |
Part 3: Narration
Opioid crisis emerges as a significant issue of health concern in the contemporary society. Over the past years, prescription opioids have been administered to patients in the management of chronic pain. However, the drug has not only been used for medication purposes but also for euphoria which has led to addictions (Davis & Carr, 2019). Compulsive use of the opioid has negative consequences including abuse of other drugs and can be fatal if not controlled at early stages. Besides opioid misuse is associated with neonatal abstinence syndrome in pregnant women and this affects development of children (Rigg, Monnat & Chavez, 2018). Moreover, injectable opioids can escalate the spread of viral infections such as HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis C among the addicts.
As a matter of fact, opioid crisis has rallied several debates in the national agenda of health and is a concern that should not be ignored. Other than its association with 47,000 deaths annually in the United States of America, opioid crisis also initiates continued government spending in controlling its rise (Corrigan & Nieweglowski, 2018). Besides, opioid misuse is linked with abuse of other hard drugs and therefore can emerge as a serious issue in the future if not controlled at early stages. In addition, opioid crisis should be considered in the agenda of legislation as it affects the health of populations in America.
Nurses play significant role in agenda setting for healthcare issues including opioid crisis. The professionals are frontline workers who spend the longest time with patients and therefore are able to identify emerging health issue in their clients (Sobotka & Stewart, 2020). Advanced registered nurses also provide expert opinion which can guide decision making in setting health agenda in a country (Davis & Carr, 2019). Nonetheless, nurses are champions in the implementation of legislative initiatives and agendas on health in country.
Conclusion
The opioid crisis is a matter of public health concern due to its association with abuse of hard drugs, compromised quality of health, and even death. Even though efforts have been made by successive administrations to tackle the challenge, the American health system is still overburdened by the issue considering the billions of dollars that are used to control its misuse annually. In this context, further research needs to be undertaken to find an alternative medication for chronic pain management because opioids are mainly used as analgesics. Besides, rehabilitation approaches should aim at educating the affected on the adverse outcomes of opioid misuse to avoid relapse.
References
Beletsky, L., & Davis, C. S. (2017). Today’s fentanyl crisis: Prohibition’s Iron Law, revisited. International Journal of Drug Policy, 46, 156-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.05.050
Corrigan, P. W., & Nieweglowski, K. (2018). Stigma and the public health agenda for the opioid crisis in America. International Journal of Drug Policy, 59, 44-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.06.015
Davis, C. S., & Carr, D. H. (2019). Legal and policy changes urgently needed to increase access to opioid agonist therapy in the United States. International Journal of Drug Policy, 73, 42-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.07.006
Rigg, K. K., Monnat, S. M., & Chavez, M. N. (2018). Opioid-related mortality in rural America: Geographic heterogeneity and intervention strategies. International Journal of Drug Policy, 57, 119-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.04.011.
Sobotka, T. C., & Stewart, S. A. (2020). Stereotyping and the opioid epidemic: A conjoint analysis. Social Science & Medicine, 255, 113018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113018.
Obesity is a great topic to choose as this is a massive issue across the country. I think you were spot on when you mentioned how it is hard to tie obesity to mortality. Often obesity is a comorbidity in situations, and when an obese person gets sick, it can be exacerbated due to unhealthy living. We quickly started to realize this when Covid hit us in 2020. According to Meredith Wadman (2020), “the physical pathologies that render people with obesity vulnerable to severe COVID-19 begin with mechanics: Fat in the abdomen pushes up on the diaphragm, causing that large muscle, which lies below the chest cavity, to impinge on the lungs and restrict airflow. This reduced lung volume leads to a collapse of airways in the lower lobes of the lungs, where more blood arrives for oxygenation than in the upper lobes”. As a nurse who worked in the hospital during covid, I saw this firsthand, and it was heartbreaking. This is a challenging topic to address, and I see that presidents have continued to go back and forth.
If I were addressing the situation, I think education would be my focus. Elementary school kids should learn about healthy food groups and how to incorporate them. In high school, we should be having students prepare a healthy meal and have them break down the macros. If we teach them younger, we have a better chance of reaching this issue. One in three kids and teens ages 2 to 19 are overweight and being overweight can have serious health consequences. Kids can learn about eating nutritious foods and staying active (Ingram, 2015). Taking the time to educate kids at a young age can start a healthier era for children. Great topic, Michael.
Ingram, K. I. (2015). K to grade 2 • obesity – classroom.kidshealth.org. KidsHealth.org. Retrieved August 31, 2022, from https://classroom.kidshealth.org/classroom/prekto2/problems/conditions/obesity.pd
Wadman, M. (2020). Why covid-19 is more deadly in people with obesity-even if they’re young. Science.org. Retrieved August 31, 2022, from https://www.science.org/content/article/why-covid-19-more-deadly-people-obesity-even-if-theyre-young
Sample Answer for Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis and Healthcare Insurance Fact Sheet Included After Question
Description
- Review the agenda priorities of the current/sitting U.S. president and the two previous presidential administrations.
- Select an issue related to healthcare that was addressed by each of the last three U.S. presidential administrations.
- Reflect on the focus of their respective agendas, including the allocation of financial resources for addressing the healthcare issue you selected.
- Consider how you would communicate the importance of a healthcare issue to a legislator/policymaker or a member of their staff for inclusion on an agenda.
The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Comparison Grid, 1-Page Analysis, and 1-page Fact Sheet)
Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid
Use the Agenda Comparison Grid Template found in the Learning Resources and complete the Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid based on the current/sitting U.S. president and the two previous presidential administrations and their agendas related to the public health concern you selected. Be sure to address the following:
- Identify and provide a brief description of the population health concern you selected and the factors that contribute to it.
- Describe the administrative agenda focus related to the issue you selected.
- Identify the allocations of financial and other resources that the current and two previous presidents dedicated to this issue.
- Explain how each of the presidential administrations approached the issue.
(A draft of Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid should be posted to the Module 1 Discussion Board by Day 3 of Week 1.)
Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis
Using the information you recorded in Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid on the template, complete the Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis portion of the template, by addressing the following:
- Which administrative agency would most likely be responsible for helping you address the healthcare issue you selected?
- How do you think your selected healthcare issue might get on the agenda for the current and two previous presidents? How does it stay there?
- Who would you choose to be the entrepreneur/ champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue you selected for the current and two previous presidents?
Part 3: Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief
Based on the feedback that you received from your colleagues in the Discussion, revise Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid and Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis.
Then, using the information recorded on the template in Parts 1 and 2, develop a 1-page Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief that you could use to communicate with a policymaker/legislator or a member of their staff for this healthcare issue. You can use Microsoft Word or PowerPoint to create your Fact Sheet or Talking Point Brief. Be sure to address the following:
- Summarize why this healthcare issue is important and should be included in the agenda for legislation.
- Justify the role of the nurse in agenda setting for healthcare issues.
Atleast 3 resources used, please try to only use resources that I provide only.
The first attachment is the grid you will need to add to and I will send 5 sources to use and 3 other sites that will be listed below. Please do not use other ones.
DeMarco, R., & Tufts, K. A. (2014). The mechanics of writing a policy brief. Nursing Outlook, 62(3), 219–224. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2014.04.002
Kingdon, J. W. (2001). A model of agenda-setting, with applications. Law Review, M.S.U.-D.C.L., 2(331).
Lamb, G., Newhouse, R., Beverly, C., Toney, D. A., Cropley, S., Weaver, C. A., Kurtzman, E., … Peterson, C. (2015). Policy agenda for nurse-led care coordination. Nursing Outlook, 63(4), 521–530. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2015.06.003
O’Rourke, N. C., Crawford, S. L., Morris, N. S., & Pulcini, J. (2017). Political efficacy and participation of nurse practitioners. Policy, Politics, and Nursing Practice, 18(3), 135–148. doi:10.1177/1527154417728514
Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Enhancing Environmental Health Content in Nursing Practice, Pope, A. M., Snyder, M. A., & Mood, L. H. (Eds.). (n.d.). Nursing health, & environment: Strengthening the relationship to improve the public’s health. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
POST
This is an example of a reply to another classmate Hello Steven, Abortion is a great concern in our nation and the fact that political parties are not sharing the same point of view creates a major conflict. According to the CDC since 1969, they have been conducting abortion surveillance to document the number and characteristics of women obtaining legal induced abortions in the United States (Jatlaoui et al., 2016, p. 1-41).The most difficult part of this societal problem is that the prevalence of abortion is seen in adolescents, and it is lower among women aged 25–39 years (Jatlaoui et al., 2016, p. 1-41). The other problem is that a great majority of women seeking abortions are economically disadvantaged with no means to care for a child (Upadhyay, Weitz, Jones, Barar, & Foster, 2014).In conclusion I believe that our government needs to come together to solve this problem by educating not only the individuals in the schools setting but to use the one tool that brings this population together social media to raise awareness of the risk factors involved in having an abortion.ReferenceJatlaoui, T. C., Eckhaus, L., Mandel, M. G., Nguyen, A., Oduyebo, T., Petersen, E., & Whiteman, M. K. (2019). Abortion Surveillance — United States, 2016. MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 68(11), 1–41. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss6811a1Upadhyay, U. D., Weitz, T. A., Jones, R. K., Barar, R. E., & Foster, D. G. (2014). Denial of Abortion Because of Provider Gestational Age Limits in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 104(9), 1687–1694. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.2105/AJP…
| Excellent | Good | Fair | Poor | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid
Explain how each of the presidential administrations approached the issue. Identify the allocations of resources that the two presidents dedicated to this issue. |
18 (18%) – 20 (20%)
The response clearly and accurately explains how the presidential administrations approached the issue and identifies the resource allocations dedicated to the issue.
|
16 (16%) – 17 (17%)
The response accurately explains how the presidential administrations approached the issue and identifies the resource allocations dedicated to the issue.
|
14 (14%) – 15 (15%)
The response is vague or partially inaccurate in its explanation of how the presidential administrations approached the issue, and/or in the identification of the resources allocated to the issue.
|
0 (0%) – 13 (13%)
The response is missing or inaccurate in its explanation of how the presidential administrations approached the issue, and/or in the identification of the resources allocated to the issue.
|
| Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis- Address the following:
Which administrative agency would most likely be responsible for helping you address the healthcare issue you selected? Why is this agency most helpful? How do you think your selected healthcare issue might get on the agenda? How does it stay there? Who would you choose to be the entrepreneur/ champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue you selected and justify your selection. |
23 (23%) – 25 (25%)
The response clearly and accurately identifies an administrative agency most likely to be responsible for addressing the selected healthcare issue and why that agency is most helpful. Response clearly and accurately explains how the healthcare issue gets on the agenda and remains there. The response clearly and accurately identifies and justifies the entrepreneur/champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue selected. |
20 (20%) – 22 (22%)
The response identifies an administrative agency most likely to be responsible for addressing the selected healthcare issue and why that agency is most helpful. Response clearly and accurately explains how the healthcare issue gets on the agenda and remains there. Identification and justification of the entrepreneur/champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue is included. |
18 (18%) – 19 (19%)
The identification of an administrative agency responsible for addressing the selected healthcare issue is vague or inaccurate and justification is inaccurate or misaligned for why that agency is most helpful. Explanation of how the healthcare issue gets on the agenda and remains there is vague or inaccurate. Identification and/or justification of the entrepreneur/champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue selected is inaccurate or does not align with the healthcare issue. |
0 (0%) – 17 (17%)
Identification of an administrative agency responsible for addressing the selected healthcare issue is missing. Explanation of how the healthcare issue gets on the agenda and remains there is inaccurate or missing. Identification and/or justification of the entrepreneur/champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue selected is inaccurate or missing. |
| Part 3: Fact Sheet
Based on your Agenda Comparison Grid for the healthcare issue you selected, develop a 1-2-page narrative that you could use to communicate with a policy- maker/legislator or a member of their staff for this healthcare issue. Summarize why this healthcare issue is important and should be included in the agenda for legislation. Justify the role of the nurse in agenda setting for healthcare issues |
27 (27%) – 30 (30%)
Creates an accurate and thorough fact sheet. Using sufficient evidence, the response provides an accurate synthesis of evidence on why this healthcare issue is important and should be included in the agenda for legislation. Response accurately justifies the role of the nurse in agenda setting for healthcare issues. |
24 (24%) – 26 (26%)
Creates an accurate fact sheet. Using sufficient evidence, the response provides an accurate summary evidence on why this healthcare issue is important and should be included in the agenda for legislation. Response accurately justifies the role of the nurse in agenda setting for healthcare issues. |
21 (21%) – 23 (23%)
Creates a fact sheet that is partially accurate or incomplete. Response provides an incomplete or inaccurate summary of evidence on why this healthcare issue is important and should be included in the agenda for legislation. Response partially or inaccurately justifies the role of the nurse in agenda setting for healthcare issues. |
0 (0%) – 20 (20%)
Creates a fact sheet that is inaccurate or incomplete. Response provides an inaccurate summary of evidence or evidence is missing on why this healthcare issue is important and should be included in the agenda for legislation. Response justifying the role of the nurse in agenda setting for healthcare issues is inaccurate and incomplete or missing. |
| Resources |
10 (10%) – 10 (10%)
Response includes 3 or more course resources and 2 or more outside sources.
|
8 (8%) – 8 (8%)
Response includes 2-3 course resources and 2 outside sources.
|
7 (7%) – 7 (7%)
Response includes fewer than 2 course resources and/or fewer than 2 outside resources.
|
0 (0%) – 6 (6%)
Response includes 2 or fewer resources.
|
| Written Expression and Formatting: Paragraph
Paragraphs make clear points that support well developed ideas, low logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused–neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. |
5 (5%) – 5 (5%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity.
|
4 (4%) – 4 (4%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time.
|
3 (3%) – 3 (3%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%-79% of the time.
|
0 (0%) – 2 (2%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity < 60% of the time.
|
| Written Expression and Formatting: English Writing Standards
Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation. |
5 (5%) – 5 (5%)
Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors.
|
4 (4%) – 4 (4%)
Contains a few (1-2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.
|
3 (3%) – 3 (3%)
Contains several (3-4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.
|
0 (0%) – 2 (2%)
Contains many (≥5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding.
|
| Written Expression and Formatting:
The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, indentations, parenthetical/in- text citations, and reference list. |
5 (5%) – 5 (5%)
Uses correct APA format with no errors.
|
4 (4%) – 4 (4%)
Contains a few (1-2) APA format errors.
|
3 (3%) – 3 (3%)
Contains several (3-4) APA format errors.
|
0 (0%) – 2 (2%)
Contains many (≥5) APA format errors.
|
| Total Points: 100 |
|---|
Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief Assignment Template for Part 1 and Part 2
Opioid misuse, overdose, and abuse continue to cause massive mortality and morbidity, creating damages to patients, families, and communities. Opioid misuse, overdose, and abuse also ravages public health and also economic and social wellbeing, with economic burden of misusing opioid prescription amounting to nearly $78.5 billion a year (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2020). The purpose of this paper is to delve into how the administrations of Presidents Trump, Obama, and Bush the issue of opioid crisis as an administrative agenda.
Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid
Use this Agenda Comparison Grid to document information about the population health/healthcare issue your selected and the presidential agendas. By completing this grid, you will develop a more in depth understanding of your selected issue and how you might position it politically based on the presidential agendas.
You will use the information in the Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid to complete the remaining Part 2 and Part 3 of your Assignment.
| Identify the Population Health concern you selected. | Opioid Crisis | ||
| Describe the Population Health concern you selected and the factors that contribute to it. | Drug abuse is a significant public health concern in the US that is associated with various adverse effects. In particular, opioid misuse, overdose, and abuse continue to cause massive mortality and morbidity, creating damages to patients, families, and communities. According to National Institute on Drug Abuse (2020), opioid overdose killed nearly 50,000 people in 2019. The addiction and misuse to opioids such as heroin, prescription pain relievers, and synthetic opioids such as fentanyl is ravaging public health and also economic and social wellbeing. Moreover, economic burden of misusing opioid prescription is nearly $78.5 billion a year, alongside the cost of addiction treatment, lost productivity, criminal involvement, and health care (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2020). | ||
| Administration (President Name) | President Trump | President Obama | President Bush |
| Describe the administrative agenda focus related to this issue for the current and two previous presidents. | The administration of President Trump addressed opioids crisis as a matter of public emergency. His administration has also taken specific initiatives such as ‘Stop Opioid Abuse’ campaign in 2018, working with Congress to pass legislations such as support Act, and to ensure safe prescription plan. The administration also taken various measures to control the supply and enhance accessibility to services such as prevention, treatment, and recovery to the victims (U.S. Department of Education, 2021). | The Obama’s administration addressed opioids crisis through by mobilizing the Congress to support rehabilitation and intervention and to provide resources for treatment. The administration also increased access to health care services for the victims, educating healthcare professionals to enhance prescription drug monitoring, safe pain management, and more research on opioids (Buchmueller & Carey, 2018). | The administration of President Bush addressed opioid crisis as a criminal issue and depended on law enforcement agencies to block entry points of the drugs in the country. Bush took little consideration of opioid crisis as a public health concern. |
| Identify the allocations of financial and other resources that the current and two previous presidents dedicated to this issue. | According The White House (2019), the administration of Trump donated $6 billion to boost efforts by the federal government to tackle opioid crisis. Trump also ensured allocation of human resources, particularly health care providers to facilitate accessibility, treatment, and recovery of victims. | According to the White House (2016), President Obama sought $1.1 billion treatment and management of opioid crisis. Obama also provided human resources to help in increasing access to health care services for victims. | According to the White House (2002), President allocated about $2.3 billion to fight opioid crisis through prohibiting drugs from overseas from entering the borders of US. Bush also allocated human resources, particularly security agencies to boost fight against opioid crisis. |
| Explain how each of the presidential administrations approached the issue. | The Trump administration used a multimodal approach to address opioid crisis. The initial step included curbing of over prescription of opioid and minimization of demands through public awareness on risks of using opioids. The next step was to limit opioid supply by breaking off both domestic and global supply chains. The other approach involved was to help the addicted users in the treatment and recovery process. | The Obama administration approached the opioid crisis through allocation of bigger budget to tackle the issues and use of comprehensive approaches that considered the bigger picture of opioid crisis, thus, approaching the issue from various perspectives. | The Bush administration addressed opioid crisis by criminalizing it. The administration funded law enforcement agencies to provide them with capacity deal with the crisis from the viewpoint of crime. |
Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis
Using the information you recorded in Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid, complete the following to document information about the population health/healthcare issue your selected
| Administration (President Name) | President Trump | President Obama | President Bush |
| Which administrative agency would most likely be responsible for helping you address the healthcare issue you selected? | The appropriate administrative agency to help in addressing the issue of opioid crisis is the Department of Health and Human Services by creating administrative policies for dealing with opioid crisis. Trump also created a Commission on Combating Drug Addiction and the Opioid Crisis and tasked with a responsibility of proposing appropriate measures to deal with opioid crisis. | The government could collaborate with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to address the issue. CDC is essential in ensuring professionalism, information, and tools to support the victims, families, and communities in promoting the health, prevention of diseases, injuries, disabilities, and become aware of the health risks of opioid misuse. | The appropriate administrative agency to help in addressing the issue of opioid crisis is World Health Organization to provide best approaches to Opioid crisis. The Department of Health and Human Services could also be considered to create administrative policies for dealing with opioid crisis |
| How do you think your selected healthcare issue might get on the agenda for the current and two previous presidents? How does it stay there? | Opioid crisis continues to cause devastating effects in America. Therefore, to get the issue of opioid crisis on the administration, it is proper to set it as a legislative agenda. The legislative bodies should discuss this issue and accord it necessary support to ensure success. It is through legislation that it can easily become part of government agenda. The other strategy is through advocacy by healthcare players. | The president has a responsibility to develop goals to attain sustainable development. Sustainable development entails promotion of public health among other things. As such, the president can set public health issues such as opioid crisis in government agenda through establishment of lasting policies on addressing opioid crisis. | The government can collaborate with agencies such as WHO and CDC to find mechanisms of addressing opioid crisis. Such partnerships occur through agreements that can hardly be violated by either party. |
| Who would you choose to be the entrepreneur/ champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue you selected for the current and two previous presidents? | Congress would be the best sponsor of the agenda on the opioid crisis due to its diverse composition entailing various political affiliations and representatives from across the entire nation. The strength of using Congress is its diversity in perspectives, which is critical in ensuring that the issue of opioid crisis is discussed and addressed objectively and also ensuring that it becomes part of the government’s agenda. | Agencies such as CDC who seeks to provide guidelines to regulate and control opioid prescription, and other federal agencies such as the Department of Justice, the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Each of these agencies have unique role in controlling the increasing opioid misuse. | President Bush could settle on prominent person such as Hillary Clinton who was an influential senator with ability to push administrations agenda to fight opioid crisis. |
Part 3: Narrative
Why Opioid Crisis Issue is Important and Should be Included in the Agenda for Legislation
The United States is currently experiencing a devastating opioid misuse. Over the recent past, communities across the country have experienced devastating increase in illicit and prescription opioid misuse, overdose, and abuse. The opioid misuse, overdose, and abuse is attributed to many adverse effects such as deaths and disability. According to National Institute on Drug Abuse (2020), opioid overdose killed nearly 50,000 people in 2019. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (2021) also reports that in 2016, more than 11 million Americans misused prescription opioids, with about 1 million heroin use and nearly 2.1 million experienced an opioid use disorder emanating from prescription opioids or heroin. Moreover, the US has experienced massive rise in rates of opioid-related emergency department visits and hospitalizations (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2021).Moreover, economic burden of misusing opioid prescription is nearly $78.5 billion a year, alongside the cost of addiction treatment, lost productivity, criminal involvement, and health care (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2020). Based on these worrying trends and statistics on opioid crisis, it is evident that this issue has captured national interest and is imperative to be integrated into the government’s legislative agenda.
Role of Nurses in Opioid Crisis Agenda Setting
Addressing opioid crisis is one of the major issues that the US health system is currently experiencing and nurses are playing an instrumental role in the effort by the nation to solve the crisis (ANA, 2021). Due to this involvement, nurses can potentially play a crucial role in setting agenda for opioid crisis. One of the key roles nurses can play in setting agenda is through advocacy for top-level solutions to eradicate the situation. Nurses can actively involve law makers to introduce legislations touching on opioid crisis (ANA, 2021). Nurses can also be involved in development of policies and strategies to manage pain, write prescriptions, and treatment protocols.
Conclusion
The opioid misuse, overdose, and abuse is a serious public health concern and a national crisis that is associated with dire effects on health, social, and economic welfare. The gravity of opioid crisis has attracted public attention and became a national issue of interest to administrations of Presidents Bush, Obama, and Trump who acted in different ways to address the issue. Since opioid crisis has become a national concern, it should be integrated into government’s agenda to help to be given attention it deserves such as enhancing the health care system and providing adequate resources to help in addressing the issue.
References
ANA. (2021). Opioid Epidemic. Retrieved from https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/work-environment/health-safety/opioid-epidemic/
Buchmueller, T. C., & Carey, C. (2018). The effect of prescription drug monitoring programs on opioid utilization in Medicare. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 10(1), 77-112. DOI: 10.1257/pol.20160094
National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2020). Opioid Overdose Crisis. Retrieved from https://www.drugabuse.gov/drug-topics/opioids/opioid-overdose-crisis
National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2021). The Federal Response to the Opioid Crisis. Retrieved from https://www.drugabuse.gov/about-nida/legislative-activities/testimony-to-congress/2017/the-federal-response-to-the-opioid-crisis
The White House (2016). FACT SHEET: President Obama Proposes $1.1 Billion in New Funding to Address the Prescription Opioid Abuse and Heroin Use Epidemic. Retrieved from https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/02/02/president-obama-proposes-11-billion-new-funding-address-prescription
The White House (2019). Ending America’s opioid crisis. Retrieved from https://www.whitehouse.gov/opioids/
The White House. (2002). The President's National Drug Control Strategy. Retrieved from https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/02/20020212-2.html\
U.S. Department of Education. (2021). Combating the Opioid Crisis and Other Substance Misuse: Schools, Students, Families. Retrieved from https://www.ed.gov/opioids/
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