PHI 413 Topic 5: Intervention and Ethical Decision-Making Tasks

In addition to the topic study materials, use the chart you completed and questions you answered in the Topic 3 about “Case Study: Healing and Autonomy” as the basis for your responses in this assignment.

Answer the following questions about a patient’s spiritual needs in light of the Christian worldview.

• In 200-250 words, respond to the following: Should the physician allow Mike to continue making decisions that seem to him to be irrational and harmful to James, or would that mean a disrespect of a patient’s autonomy? Explain your rationale.
• In 400-500 words, respond to the following: How ought the Christian think about sickness and health? How should a Christian think about medical intervention? What should Mike as a Christian do? How should he reason about trusting God and treating James in relation to what is truly honoring the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence in James’s care?
• In 200-250 words, respond to the following: How would a spiritual needs assessment help the physician assist Mike determine appropriate interventions for James and for his family or others involved in his care?

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Medical professionals can use the Principles of Biomedical Ethics as guidance when they are faced with difficult patient scenarios. These principles do not serve as moral rules or absolutes, despite being significant factors in determining the legal and ethical standard of medical practice. Individual principles shouldn’t be viewed as the best or most important in allowing them to act alone to choose the proper course of action because they are all vital (Hoehner, 2018)

The principles include autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and Justice. Ranking in order of importance for ethical decision-making, non-maleficence comes first. The fundamental bioethical rule of nonmaleficence demands that health professionals inflict no harm to the patients they have vowed to assist. This idea serves as a reminder to doctors that the advantages of any medical intervention should always be evaluated against any dangers and negative effects, and that sometimes the best course of action may be to do nothing at all (Girdler et al.,2019).

Beneficence would be the following. A number of moral principles are supported by the concept of beneficence, which requires practitioners to act in the patient’s best interests. These principles include the obligation to safeguard and defend others’ rights, prevent injury, eliminate conditions that will cause harm, assist people with disabilities, and rescue those in danger. This calls for medical professionals to exert every effort to the patient’s advantage in each circumstance. All proposed procedures, therapies, and care plans must have the patient’s best interests at heart (Varkey,2021). Health professionals must be skilled and informed about the greatest and most recent medical procedures, and they must view each patient as a unique individual. The next is justice. Justice is typically understood as the fair, equitable, and suitable treatment of individuals. It guarantees that there is some aspect of equity in all medical judgments, activities, allocation of limited resources, or treatments and that medical professionals will adhere to relevant rules and legislation while making decisions. The least important is autonomy. All people should have the freedom to make morally sound decisions because they are intrinsically valuable, and they should also be given the opportunity to exercise their right to self-determination. Every person who is of legal age and in sound mind has the right to make decisions regarding what should be done with their own bodies (Varkey,2021).

I think the four principles in the Christian scriptures would be similar to mine, with nonmaleficence ranking as the greatest and autonomy being the least significant. People must be protected because they are valued and sacred because they bear the image of God. The Bible encourages us to be of excellent service to others, thus beneficence comes next. According to Luke 6:31 (King James Bible, 1769/2021), we should treat people the way we want to be treated. And remember to be kind and generous to others since God appreciates such efforts Hebrews 13:16 (King James Bible, 1769/2021). Thirdly, Christians value justice because they believe that everyone is created equal in God’s eyes. God is no respecter of persons thus every man deserves to be treated equally and equitably Act 10:34 (King James Bible, 1769/2021). God has given us the ability to select and decide, but because we must follow his lead and instructions, autonomy will be of the utmost importance. Whatever we do as Christians we should not forget that God is omnipresent and omnipotent and knows the condition of our hearts.

References :

Hoehner, P.J. (2020). Practicing Dignity: An Introduction to Christian Values and Decision Making in Health Care. Grand Canyon University (Ed). Biomedical Ethics in the Christian Narrative. https://lc.gcumedia.com/phi413v/practicing-dignity-anintroduction-to-christian-values-and-decision-making-in-health-care/v1.1/#/chapter/3

Girdler, S. J., Girdler, J. E., Tarpada, S. P., & Morris, M. T. (2019). Nonmaleficence in medical training: Balancing patient care and efficient education. Indian journal of medical ethics, 4(2), 129–133. https://doi.org/10.20529/IJME.2018.100

King James Bible. (2021). King James Bible Online. https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/

(Original work published 1769)

Varkey B. (2021). Principles of Clinical Ethics and Their Application to Practice. Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre, 30(1), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1159/000509119

Remember to support your responses with the topic study materials.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. PHI 413 Topic 5: Intervention and Ethical Decision-Making Tasks

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance. PHI 413 Topic 5: Intervention and Ethical Decision-Making Tasks

The concept of a spiritual worldview incorporates religion and spirituality, as well as many other philosophical or popular beliefs and reference points that make assumptions about the larger context of human existence (Josephson & Peteet, 2004). Spirituality affects every aspect of a person’s life therefore offering emotional and spiritual care support should be an important focus for all health care providers (Evans, 2020). Spiritual care may consist of tending to the patient’s spiritual or religious needs as they cope with an illness, loss, grief, or pain. Providing this kind of care can help them heal emotionally as well as physically and help them regain a sense of spiritual wellbeing. I would say that the weakness that I have in facilitating spiritual care in patients with different worldviews from my own is that I lack the knowledge of the practices of other religions such as Seventh Day Adventist, Buddhism and Hinduism. My strength is in providing unbiased spiritual care to each and every patient regardless of their religion. I try to provide the best care by educating myself with the dietary restrictions that they adhere to and try to do my best to link them with pastoral care or similar services if they so desire. In my opinion, the patient has the final say in terms of ethical decision-making and intervention in the event of a difficult situation. And if the patient does not have the capacity to make those decisions, then I think a spouse or immediate family member would be the next best person to make those difficult decisions. I also think it’s helpful if they consult with a pastor or priest to get advice, but I think important decisions are ultimately up to the patient, spouse, or immediate family member.

Reference:

Evans, K. (2020). Practicing Dignity: An Introduction to Christian Values and Decision Making in Health Care. Grand Canyon University. Lc.gcumedia.com. https://lc.gcumedia.com/phi413v/practicing-dignity-an-introduction-to-christian-values-and-decision-making-in-health-care/v1.1/#/chapter/5

Josephson, A. M, & Peteet, J. R. (2004). Handbook of Spirituality and Worldview for Clinical Practice. American Psychiatric Publishing.

This benchmark assignment assesses the following competencies:

BS Nursing (RN to BSN)

5.2: Assess for the spiritual needs and provide appropriate interventions for individuals, families, and groups.

Field Experience Site Information Form

Course Code Class Code Assignment Title Total Points
PHI-413V PHI-413V-O500 Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis 200.0

Criteria Percentage Unsatisfactory (0.00%) Less than Satisfactory (65.00%) Satisfactory (75.00%) Good (85.00%) Excellent (100.00%)
Content 70.0%
Decision-Making and Principle of Autonomy 20.0% Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are not analyzed according to the principle of autonomy. Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are analyzed from both perspectives, but the analysis according to the principle of autonomy is unclear. Analysis is not supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are clearly analyzed from both perspectives, but the analysis according to the principle of autonomy lack details. Analysis is not supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are clearly analyzed from both perspectives with details according to the principle of autonomy. Analysis is supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are analyzed from both perspectives with a deep understanding of the complexity of the principle of autonomy. Analysis is supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. PHI 413 Topic 5: Intervention and Ethical Decision-Making Tasks

Decision-Making, Christian Perspective, and the Principles of Beneficence and Nonmaleficence 20.0% Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are not analyzed according to the Christian perspective and the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence. Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are analyzed according to the Christian perspective and the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence, but the analysis is unclear. Analysis is not supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are clearly analyzed according to the Christian perspective and the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence but lacks details. Analysis is not supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are clearly analyzed with details according to the Christian perspective and the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence. Analysis is supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are analyzed with deep understanding of the complexity of the Christian perspective, as well as with the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence. Analysis is supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. PHI 413 Topic 5: Intervention and Ethical Decision-Making Tasks

Spiritual Needs Assessment and Intervention (CoNHCP 5.2) 30.0% How a spiritual needs assessment would help the physician assist the father determine appropriate interventions for his son, his family, or others involved in the care of his son is not analyzed. How a spiritual needs assessment would help the physician assist the father determine appropriate interventions for his son, his family, or others involved in the care of his son is analyzed, but unclear. Analysis is not supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. How a spiritual needs assessment would help the physician assist the father determine appropriate interventions for his son, his family, or others involved in the care of his son is clearly analyzed but lacks details. Analysis is not supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. How a spiritual needs assessment would help the physician assist the father determine appropriate interventions for his son, his family, or others involved in the care of his son is clearly analyzed with details. Analysis is supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. How a spiritual needs assessment would help the physician assist the father determine appropriate interventions for his son, his family, or others involved in the care of his son is clearly analyzed with a deep understanding of the connection between a spiritual needs assessment and providing appropriate interventions. Analysis is supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. PHI 413 Topic 5: Intervention and Ethical Decision-Making Tasks

Organization, Effectiveness, and Format 30.0%
Thesis Development and Purpose 7.0% Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim. Thesis is insufficiently developed or vague. Purpose is not clear. Thesis is apparent and appropriate to purpose. Thesis is clear and forecasts the development of the paper. Thesis is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose. Thesis is comprehensive and contains the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.

Argument Logic and Construction 8.0% Statement of purpose is not justified by the conclusion. The conclusion does not support the claim made. Argument is incoherent and uses noncredible sources. Sufficient justification of claims is lacking. Argument lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic. Some sources have questionable credibility. Argument is orderly, but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument presents minimal justification of claims. Argument logically, but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are credible. Introduction and conclusion bracket the thesis. Argument shows logical progression. Techniques of argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are authoritative. Clear and convincing argument presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative.

Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use) 5.0% Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used. Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register) or word choice are present. Sentence structure is correct but not varied. Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct and varied sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are employed. Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. The writer uses a variety of effective sentence structures and figures of speech. Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.

Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment) 5.0% Template is not used appropriately, or documentation format is rarely followed correctly. Appropriate template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken. A lack of control with formatting is apparent. Appropriate template is used. Formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present. Appropriate template is fully used. There are virtually no errors in formatting style. All format elements are correct.

Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style) 5.0% Sources are not documented. Documentation of sources is inconsistent and/or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors. Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present. Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct. Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.

Resources

GCU Technical Support – Field Experience Site Information Form

Refer to the “Field Experience Site Information Form” page in the GCU Technical Support Help Center for further instructions from…
https://support.gcu.edu/hc/en-us/articles/360000596207

Assessing the Spiritual Needs of Patients

Read ” Assessing the Spiritual Needs of Patients” by Timmins and Caldeira, from Nursing Standard (2017).
https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/docview/1877957457?accountid=7374

End of Life and Sanctity of Life, Commentary 1

Read “End of Life and Sanctity of Life,, Commentary 1,” by Reichman, from American Medical Association Journal of Ethics…
http://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/2005/05/ccas2-0505.html

Optional – Topic 5: Optional Resources

For additional information, see the “Topic 5: Optional Resources” that are recommended.
PHI-413V-RS-T5OptionalResources.docx

Practicing Dignity: An Introduction to Christian Values and Decision-Making in Health Care

Read Chapters 5 from Practicing Dignity.
https://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/grand-canyon-university/2020/practicing-dignity_an-introduction-to-christian-values-and-decision-making-in-health-care_1e.php

Doing a Culturally Sensitive Spiritual Assessment: Recognizing Spiritual Themes and Using the HOPE Questions

Read “Doing a Culturally Sensitive Spiritual Assessment: Recognizing Spiritual Themes and Using the HOPE Questions,” by Anan…
https://journalofethics.ama-ass

Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis – Rubric