NURS 6051 Impact of Nursing Informatics on Patient Outcomes and Patient Care Efficiencies
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NURS 6051 Impact of Nursing Informatics on Patient Outcomes and Patient Care Efficiencies
NURS 6051 Impact of Nursing Informatics on Patient Outcomes and Patient Care Efficiencies
The Impact of Nursing Informatics on Patient Outcomes and Patient Care Efficiencies
Success in health care industry is often measured through patient outcomes. This metric is vital in ensuring that the available practices and procedures are efficient and also help in recognizing the ones that are not effective. Nonetheless, measuring patient outcomes is always associated with big data sets that are utilized to enhance these results in several ways. In turn, health informatics can play a crucial role in this process. For instance, informatics can help in appropriately gathering, assessing, and leveraging the data, which can be used to enhance processes, improve efficiency, identify patients who are at risk, and advance research in an effort to enhance patient outcomes. Moreover, McGonigle and Mastrian (2017) argue that informatics has led to emergence of new technologies in clinical practice such as smart pumps, electronic health records, wearables, bar-code medication administration systems, and smartphones which are designed to enhance efficiency, foster safety, and streamline nursing practice. As such, it is imperative for nurses to have informatics competency to help them fostering effective communication, mitigating medical errors, managing knowledge, and supporting point of care decision making (Glassman, 2017). It is against this backdrop that this paper will explore use of electronic health records (EHR) as the proposed nursing informatics project to improve patient outcomes and care efficiencies.
EHRs connote the digital adaption of patient paper based health records. The initiative has been proposed to address the issues that arise from the paper-based health records such as duplication, errors in drug administration, loss of records, mistaken identity, making of uninformed clinical decisions, and inefficient billing (Kruse et al., 2017). Since the health care environment is consistently changing and becoming highly competitive, the adoption of the EHRs can play a vital role in leveraging the patient care delivery and enhance the competitive capability of the care organization. Given the vital role that EHRs play in health care, Glassman (2017) calls for the meaningful use of EHRs.
This involves sharing the data with patients and engaging them in their care within the frameworks of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Moreover, crucial patient care devices including vital sign monitors, cardiac monitors, and I.V. infusion pumps can be connected to EHRs to enhance the capacity of initiative and further improve patient outcomes (Glassman, 2017). Essentially, the use of EHRs is also supported by the American Nurses Association who calls for universally recognized terminologies among its members to support nursing practice within the EHR solutions (American Nurses Association, 2018).
Clinicians
Clinicians encompass health care providers such as physicians, nurses, and pharmacists et cetera who take center stage in patient care provision. Therefore, EHR implementation will help them to access accurate and updated patient records to enable them provide the best diagnosis and treatment to realize positive patient outcomes.
The Management
This is the key stakeholder who can either ensure the success of the project or its failure. A good
management should provide all necessary support required for change and ensure that the project aligns with the expectations of other players. The success of the project will enhance the health setting’s reputation as an affordable, quality health care provider.
The Patients
These are the primary stakeholders for implementing the EHR project. All the EHR endeavors are designed to improve the outcomes for patients and so, the project is designed to benefit the patients. Essentially, the success of the project will be measured based on the outcomes of the patients.
Front Office Staff
The staff at the front office plays a vital role in EHR implementation because they are tasked with key responsibility of feeding critical patient information including medical history, demographic, billing, and contact information into the EHR system. Any inappropriate entry in the system may lead to adverse impacts for patients.
EHR Vendors
EHR vendors are expected to design flexible systems that can meet the expectation of the organization, failure to which, the project will face eminent fall.
The implementation of EHRs will ensure enhancement of patient outcomes through provision of quality care. EHRs ensure provision of real-time, patient-oriented health data that are availed instantly and safely to the authorized users. Moreover, apart from providing medical and treatment history of the patient, EHRs also enable wider options of patient care due to its capability of accessing evidence-based care practice tools that can help providers to make informed decisions at the point of care. In addition, EHRs enables real-time point of care communication, which is essential in avoiding time wasted in peruse manual health records. Ultimately, the implementation of EHRs will lead to positive patient outcomes such as quality of health care, patient-centered care, reduction in hospital stays, and reductions in health care costs (Wani & Malhotra, 2018).
The project manager (PM) is one of the key members of the project team. The PM is expected to be technologically savvy and experienced in EHR implementation. The PM is tasked with responsibilities of overseeing the overall success of the project including attaining requirements and realizing deadlines for the implementation of the new EHR system (Vant, 2020). Moreover, the PM links various phases of the project to sophistically integrate and work together. The PM is also expected to facilitate the processes of planning, developing, designing, implementing, and testing phases of EHR to ensure they coordinate their effects to realize the desired goal of the project.
Physicians
Informatics play a crucial role in ensuring that the available practices and procedures are efficient. For instance, informatics can help in appropriately gathering, assessing, and leveraging the data, which can be used to enhance processes, improve efficiency, identify patients who are at risk, and advance research in an effort to enhance patient outcomes. However, this paper specifically delved into EHR, which emanated from the informatics. EHR technology was suggested due to its potential in addressing the issues that arise from the paper-based health records such as duplication, errors in drug administration, loss of records, mistaken identity, making of uninformed clinical decisions, and inefficient billing. Moreover, the implementation of EHRs is associated with advantages of enhancing of patient outcomes through provision of quality care. EHRs ensure provision of real-time, patient-oriented health data that are availed instantly and safely to the authorized users.
American Nurses Association. (2018). Inclusion of recognized terminologies supporting nursing practice within electronic health records and other health information technology solutions. Retrieved from https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/nursing-excellence/official-position-statements/id/Inclusion-of-Recognized-Terminologies-Supporting-Nursing-Practice-within-Electronic-Health-Records/
Glassman, K. S. (2017). Using data in nursing practice. American Nurse Today, 12(11), 45–47. Retrieved from https://www.americannursetoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/ant11-Data-1030.pdf
Kruse, C. S., Mileski, M., Vijaykumar, A. G., Viswanathan, S. V., Suskandla, U., & Chidambaram, Y. (2017). Impact of electronic health records on long-term care facilities: systematic review. JMIR medical informatics, 5(3), e35.
McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2017). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Vant, A. (2020). Four Crucial Members of an EHR Implementation Team. Ehrinpractice.com. Retrieved 11 June 2020, from https://www.ehrinpractice.com/four-crucial-members-of-an-ehr-implementation-team-154.html.
Wani, D., & Malhotra, M. (2018). Does the meaningful use of electronic health records improve patient outcomes?. Journal of Operations Management, 60, 1-18.
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NURS 6051 Discussion: Interaction Between Nurse Informaticists and Other Specialists
As new technologies are introduced into our practice environments, such as smart pumps, bar-code medication administration systems, and electronic health records (EHRs), nurses can be more efficient, promote safety, and streamline their work (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2022). Technology is, indeed, great support in healthcare as this has helped healthcare professionals, especially nurses, because it has made their work easy but safe and accurate. Like for instance, in my facility, we recently implemented the use of the Accuryn Monitoring System.
Using the Accuryn Monitoring System, you can measure urine output (UO), intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), and core body temperature (Temp) in real-time to help guide your care (Potrero Medical, 2020). Before implementation, several company nurse informaticists will introduce nurses to the system through a short discussion and demonstration. Then, they will guide us on adequately utilizing the machine for an actual patient. We first launch the system to a few patients in the unit to ensure accuracy and safety. The nurse informaticists guided us on how to troubleshoot and understand alarms. On the first day of using the machine, they will stay for the whole shift for assistance and to answer questions.
One strategy I suggest for improvement is for nurse informaticists to visit the facility later for a follow-up assessment and updates. In addition, newly hired nurses might have questions about the system that the trained nurses could not answer. Nurse informaticists must identify and assess current competencies and skills, then develop more relevant curricula that meet workforce needs (Sipes, 2016). Nonetheless, the Accuryn Monitoring System, so far, has been a great help in reducing the time we have to be in the patients’ rooms to check hourly urine outputs for our post-operative patients. Moreover, it alarms us for possible acute kidney injury if it senses consistent lower urine output.
Considering current technological capabilities, nursing informatics has enhanced the reality of providing direct patient care while beginning to encompass the realities of life (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2022). Although technology significantly impacts healthcare and our daily lives, patient interaction and building rapport are still crucial in providing patient care. Positive patient outcomes and experience start from creating and maintaining good patient connections. Moreover, traditional nursing, such as a thorough patient assessment, therapeutic communication, and manual vital signs taking, is still essential to achieve a nurturing environment for the patients. With the proliferation of technologies in patient care environments, nurses must preserve this central and unique nursing function and suggest ways to prevent it from becoming a lost art (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2022).
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Learning Objectives
Students will:
- Analyze interactions between nurse informaticists, data/technology specialists, and other professionals in healthcare organizations
- Recommend strategies to improve interactions between nurse informaticists and other professionals
- Analyze how nursing informatics as a specialty and new technologies impact interactions between nurse informaticists and members of healthcare teams
- Recommend nursing informatics projects to improve outcomes or efficiencies in healthcare organizations
- Identify stakeholders impacted by nursing informatics projects
- Analyze how nursing informatics projects improve outcomes or efficiencies in healthcare organizations
- Identify technologies required for implementation of nursing informatics projects
- Analyze the role of the nurse informaticist in nursing informatics project teams
SAMPLE DISCUSSION
How Nurse Informaticists or Data/ Technology Specialists Interact with Other Professionals in the Healthcare Organization
For the purposes of this paper, the technology or data specialist in this case will be referred to as the nurse informaticist. Any interaction between the nurse informaticist and the other professionals in the healthcare organization cannot be talked about if the role of the former has not been defined. The nurse informaticist is a relatively recent role for the advanced practice nurse and involves responsibility for all technological applications used in healthcare.
The informaticist professional is responsible for the seamless capturing of patient data, adherence to and enforcement of HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act), access to the technological systems and installation or upgrading of any of the systems such as the electronic health record or EHR system (Alotaibi & Federico, 2017; McGonigle & Mastrian, 2017). Since the use of technology to capture patient data is already mandated by law, this means that the nurse informaticist must literally communicate with all the other healthcare professionals in the organization.
Continuous Education (CE)
Being the healthcare professional with both the technological and medical knowledge, the nurse informaticist is a valuable resources person who regularly gives presentations to staff on how systems are to be used. She teaches the applicability of the systems and their benefits to patients, staff, and the organization. This is one way in which she interacts with the other healthcare professionals in the organization.
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
As she is the custodian of all the technological systems used in the healthcare organization, she is also the person responsible for designing and disseminating the standard operating procedures or SOPs to be used by all staff when accessing the technology systems. This means that she will also have to interact with the other staff through tools such as internal emails or memos.
Giving Individual Access or Passwords
The nurse informaticist is the gatekeeper of all technological systems within the healthcare organization. These include principally the certified electronic health record technology or CEHRT system as well as the clinical decision support or CDS system. For any individual employee in the organization to have access to the system (physicians, nurses, pharmacists, dieticians, and so on), they must be given a unique password by the nurse informaticist. She will therefore also interact with them individually at this level.
Troubleshooting
As the other healthcare professionals utilize the system functionalities such as the CPOE (computerized provider order entry), PDMS (patient data management system), BCMA (bar code medication administration), and eMAR (electronic medication administration record); they will encounter challenges here and there. The only resource person that they will consult first for troubleshooting will be the nurse informaticist. This is therefore yet another way in which she interacts with the other healthcare professionals.
New Technology Applications or Improvements (Project Management)
Last but not least, the nurse informaticist is responsible for any new project involving installation of a new system or upgrading of an existing one. This essentially makes them the project manager (Sipes, 2016). They will thus interact with the other healthcare professionals by informing them of the impending change and also educating them of the need for the same.
Future Outlook
One strategy for improving the above interactions is to strengthen the technology units taught in the basic courses for all healthcare professionals. This will enable them to see the nurse informaticist as a valuable resource and not as a nuisance. The continued evolution of nursing informatics will impact professional interactions in that data will play a very crucial role (Wang et al., 2018). The medium of communication will henceforth be electronic data.
NURS 6051 Impact of Nursing Informatics on Patient Outcomes and Patient Care Efficiencies References
Alotaibi, Y., & Federico, F. (2017). The impact of health information technology on patient safety. Saudi Medical Journal, 38(12), 1173–1180. https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2017.12.20631Links to an external site.
McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K.G. (2017). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge, 4th ed. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Sipes, C. (2016). Project management: Essential skill of nurse informaticists. Nursing Informatics, 252-256. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-658-3-252Links to an external site.
Wang, Y., Kung, L., & Byrd, T.A. (2018). Big data analytics: Understanding its capabilities and potential benefits for healthcare organizations. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 126(1), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2015.12.019Links to an external site.
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NURS 6051 Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies
Nursing informatics plays a critical role in the transformation of healthcare today, especially through efficient delivery of patient care. Informatics combines nursing science with multiple fields like information science and technology to enhance patient care outcomes. Through the use of electronic health records, clinical decision support systems and other health information technologies, nursing informatics supports the nursing practices and improves patient outcomes (Feldman et al., 2018).
The role of nursing informatics in the transformation of health care is to ensure that nurses and other providers utilize the best possible tools so that patients get effective and efficient care (Farokhzadian et al., 2020). The purpose of this paper is to describe a proposed informatics project for the organization aimed at improving patient experience, workforce efficiency, and result in more positive cases of patient outcomes.
Proposed Informatics Project
Knowledge and awareness about the effects of nursing informatics on efficient and effective service delivery is essential to ascertaining quality patient outcomes. Nursing informatics is one way of enhancing patient care efficiency and improvement of the overall care delivery and processes within a healthcare organization or setting. The proposed nursing informatics project in this case is having an integrated system that focuses on educating and training all nurses on informatics.
The project will focus on different components of nursing informatics and associated technologies like electronic health records (EHRs), and clinical decision support system (CDSS) among others (Huter et al., 2020). Nurses should be equipped with advanced levels of informatics competency so as to implement evidence-based patient-centered care. Not all nurses are vast and conversant with advanced nursing informatics. Therefore, creating educational learning programs through an integrated program is essential as it will assist them have better ways of using health information technologies (HIT) to enhance efficiencies in patient care and eventually improve their outcomes.
The integrated training program will ensure that nurses have sufficient knowledge in nursing informatics and associated technologies like wearable devices and artificial intelligence (Feldman et al., 2018). Through the training and implementation of the integrated system, the facility will handle and coordinate different healthcare aspects like patient data, training of new nurses, allocation of resources, help in decision-making process and develop performance reports where necessary to improve healthcare management. Through nursing informatics system, nurses will manage patient better and reduce errors and never events.
Stakeholders Impacted by the Project
Projects influence and impact diverse stakeholders based on the roles that they play in organizations. Stakeholders are both internal and external. While the project is mainly targeted at the internal stakeholders, it also affects the external ones like patients and their families since its focus is to enhance efficiency and effective provision of care to patients. Healthcare projects’ stakeholders usually comprise of the project sponsor, the project manager, the project team, healthcare professionals like nurses and physicians, patients, regulatory bodies and government, and suppliers and vendors as third-parties.
In this case, the stakeholders in the project will include the project sponsor, the project manager and the team as they will have both direct and indirect involvement in the initiative’s initiation, development, implementation and coordination (Schwalbe et al., 2018). Nurses will be the primary target for this training and will impacted as the main users and beneficiaries to improve patient care outcomes. Physicians and other providers will also be affected because they work with nurses. Patients are also stakeholders since the initiative is aimed at increasing efficiency and effectiveness of care provision to attain quality patient outcomes, especially dealing with reducing the incidents of adverse events like medication errors that affect patient outcomes by increasing the cost of care.
The regulatory agencies and government will ensure that any project implementation adheres to healthcare regulations and does not cause harm to both patients and their care providers. Besides, the project should protect the interests of nurses in the selected setting (McGonigle et al., 2022). The third parties like the system suppliers and vendors will design and develop the program and its components based on organizational needs and resources before the implementation to ensure that it meets set goals.
Patient Outcomes or Patient Care Efficiencies
The implementation of this integrated nursing informatics system through effective training of nurses and enhancing their knowledge on different components of health information technologies (HIT) will have significant effects on their efficiency and processes leading to better patient outcomes in diverse ways. For instance, equipping nurses with informatics knowledge allows them to identify, define, and communicate data, wisdom and information required in the provision of patient care. The project will achieve both patient outcomes and care efficiencies in different ways (Jouparinejad et al., 2020).
Firstly, it will help nurses to get accurate and quality medical reports that will assist in devising the best approaches to treatment processes. Secondly, it will enhance coordinated care among clinicians which will ultimately boost patients’ overall conditions and improve their recovery and eventually better outcomes. Informatics advocate efficiency in clinical processes and procedures to reduce unnecessary tests due to better interoperability (Lee et al., 2019). Therefore, patients will not incur unexpected and unnecessary cost burden because of improved processes and efficiency in making decisions among the providers.
The improvement will happen through assisting nurses align their practices with care and the clinical flows aimed at improving a patient’s overall health. Informatics will focus on improving the nurses’ knowledge so that they incorporate the best practices that help in maximization of patient care outcomes. Nurses should always design and evaluate clinical review of the workflow and devise novel treatment and diagnostic plans to attain the best outcomes.
The initiative will also improve clinical protocols, policies and procedures that will integrate nursing informatics with patient outcomes (Karp et al., 2019). The training will enable nurses to choose and test different medical equipment and connected medical devices to get accurate quantity of patient data and information. Through the initiative, nurses will have comprehensive understanding of components that build a better informatics system, interpret data, develop new treatment plans, and deliver care that is intended to improve patient outcomes and efficiency.
Required Technologies
The initiative will require the use of a host of health information technologies and even equipment that are powered by artificial intelligence (AI). These will include electronic health records (EHRs) that helps nurses document information of the care provided to patients for storage and ease of retrieval, portable monitors for nurses to monitor patients’ condition remotely, and smart beds which are critical in tracking several aspects of patients’ weight, movement and vitals. The initiative will also include the use of wearable devices and mobile applications (Moore et al., 2020).
These technologies help track and monitor patients with chronic conditions and other aspects like heart disease, respiration, exercise and physical activity among other aspects. Nurses will learn more about these technologies and how they facilitate informatics and provision of patient care in healthcare settings. Program will also entail having nurses learn more about the integration of equipment like automate IV pumps and protocols to reduce any adverse events like patient falls (McGonigle et al., 2022). The implication is that these technologies will all be required for nurses to attain a comprehensive perspective of informatics and its importance in care delivery and patient outcomes.
Project Team by Roles
The project team is part of the stakeholders responsible for the planning and implementation of this proposed program. The team will comprise of the project sponsor whose task will be to offer support for the successful implementation of the initiative, including removal of barriers. The health information systems manager will assume this role. The nursing informatics manager in the facility will be charged with the role of project manager for the initiative. The main duty is to oversee, direct, and deliver the project deliverables by end of the implementation. Healthcare project teams have medical experts to ascertain that the project delivers results that are consistent with the health practices and norms that do not harm patients.
The project entails equipping nurses with sufficient informatics knowledge and components that make informatics working (Feldman et al., 2018). Therefore, the nurse informaticist will be a critical member of the team. The informatics nurses will offer input and provide feedback based on the organizational needs. The informatics nurse will ensure that all nurses understand the different aspects of the project and relate to their work duties and responsibilities related to the provision of better patient care in the long-term. The nurse leader as part of the project team will be charged with the duty of identifying change champions who will ensure that they advocate increased participation in the initiative to develop better systems to meet patient care needs (Lee et al., 2019). The quality assurance manager will also be part of the project team to ensure that the training and the entire initiative meet quality standards, legal and ethical requirements.
NURS 6051 Impact of Nursing Informatics on Patient Outcomes and Patient Care Efficiencies Conclusion
Nursing informatics is critical in improving patient outcomes and efficiencies in hospitals. Nurse informaticists as critical change agents work collaboratively with other stakeholders to enhance efficiency and care delivery by developing knowledge and information appropriate for nurses to improve their understanding and application of informatics to improve patient care delivery. As such, the proposed project will improve efficiency, promote better patient outcomes, and enable nurses to work collaboratively with other providers to implement interventions that lead to better care and prevent occurrence adverse events.
NURS 6051 Impact of Nursing Informatics on Patient Outcomes and Patient Care Efficiencies References
Farokhzadian, J., Khajouei, R., Hasman, A., & Ahmadian, L. (2020). Nurses’ experiences and
viewpoints about the benefits of adopting information technology in health care: a qualitative study in Iran. BMC medical informatics and decision making, 20(1), 1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-020-01260-5
Feldman, S. S., Buchalter, S., & Hayes, L. W. (2018). Health information technology in
healthcare quality and patient safety: literature review. JMIR medical informatics, 6(2), e10264. DOI: 10.2196/10264
Huter, K., Krick, T., Domhoff, D., Seibert, K., Wolf-Ostermann, K., & Rothgang, H. (2020).
Effectiveness of digital technologies to support nursing care: results of a scoping review. Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare, 1905-1926. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S286193
Jouparinejad, S., Foroughameri, G., Khajouei, R., & Farokhzadian, J. (2020). Improving the
informatics competency of critical care nurses: results of an interventional study in the southeast of Iran. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-020-01244-5
Karp, E. L., Freeman, R., Simpson, K. N., & Simpson, A. N. (2019). Changes in efficiency and
quality of nursing electronic health record documentation after implementation of an admission patient history essential data set. CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing, 37(5), 260-265. DOI: 10.1097/CIN.0000000000000516
Lee, T. Y., Sun, G. T., Kou, L. T., & Yeh, M. L. (2019). The use of information technology to
enhance patient safety and nursing efficiency. Technology and Health Care, 25(5), 917-928. DOI:10.3233/THC-170848
McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. (2022). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge
(5th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Moore, E. C., Tolley, C. L., Bates, D. W., & Slight, S. P. (2020). A systematic review of the
impact of health information technology on nurses’ time. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 27(5), 798-807. https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocz231
Schwalbe, K., & Furlong, D. (2018). Healthcare project management (2nd ed.). Schwalbe
Publishing.
Impact of Nursing Informatics
Nursing informatics has a remarkable role. It plays in refining patient results as well as patient care competencies. Experts in nursing informatics have used health information technology to make incredible commitments in healthcare settings. As health organizations are extending, they significantly need to give the quality mind and convey it auspicious to patients (Safdari & Azad, 2014). In the contemporary world, health organizations that are as yet utilizing conventional methodologies strategies for management experience difficulties in attempting to synchronize works in different offices in healthcare units.
Description of the Proposed Project
Planning and executing the change in nursing practice can be challenging. Presently, at this healthcare organization, nurses are performing handoff shift reports at the nurse’s station. Research is indicating the usage of bedside nursing report can prompt a diminishing in mistakes and better patient results (Darvish, Bahramnezhad, & Keyhanian, 2014).
The objectives of implementing bedside nursing reporting are giving staff a traditional way to deal with increment communication between staff at move change, to include patients in their treatment, to diminish unfavorable occasions, and clinical mistakes. This project was created to improve the difference in move detailing the process on the units to guarantee tolerant security, and patient results are at the focal point of the hospital’s needs.
Stakeholders Impacted by Project
Hospital leaders and hospital agencies are dedicated to improving their environments to ensure patient protection and customer happiness is a priority. The Trustees and patients are the key stakeholders who will have an impact on the adoption of the Nursing Report. Decisions are taken in the best interests of the patient by the Board of Trustees. To order to prevent a terrible accident, the community depends strongly on the experience of these leaders. Drug mistakes and harmful effects have a detrimental effect on the doctor.
The risk of fixing side effects and mistakes is capable of completely locking hospital doors. All patients in a hospital are immediate users (Verma & Gupta). The implementation of new projects would impact people accessing care from that hospital immediately. The hospital could not survive even without patients. When patients are not adequately cared for, patients may access individual hospitals and provide the treatment they need. Fewer patients are equivalent to lower hospital profits.
Patient Outcomes or Patient Care Efficiencies Project Will Improve
Bedside report starts with the outgoing nurse acquainting the approaching nurse with the patient, trailed by an assessment of the patient and condition. The patient assessment will incorporate a general overview of the patient’s condition and critical parts of care. These conditions can run from wound sites to dressings, strange breath or heart sounds, studying the space for security, surveying the intravenous site for irritation and liquids, or anything considered strange. The communication during the bedside move report is expected to guarantee the continuum of care and patient security (Honey & Skiba, 2017). Bedside nursing report advances clear and open communication between the nurses and the patient and, in this manner, diminishes the potential for errors.
Required Technology
Since the earliest days of technology adoption in health care, nursing informatics experts have been at the forefront of driving change. Technology empowers care and upgrades safety by simplifying capacities that could be viewed as both basic and complex errands. Electronic Health Records (EHRs) will assume a vital job in executing the bedside nursing report. Nurses are answerable for most of EHR documentation during their works day (Safdari & Azad, 2014). A portion of these obligations incorporates creating plans of care, physiological parameters, appraisals, intercessions, and progress assessments, which are necessary to mind joining and patient security. Likewise, the improvement of an electronic system to follow errors found by the bedside nursing report (Thomas & Seifert, 2016).
The clinical change includes evaluating and continually improving how patient consideration is conveyed at all levels in a consideration delivery organization. It happens when an organization rejects existing practice designs that convey wasteful or less successful outcomes and grasps a shared objective of patient safety, clinical results, and quality consideration through procedure update and IT execution. For example, “medication error” reporting or patient falls can be issues found and moderated during bedside nursing report. This system would be set up to break down, measure, and assess information to proceed with the required upgrades to persistent security picked up with bedside nursing report (Mcgonigle & Mastrian, 2017).
Members of the Project Team
The person will likewise give and disclose the new changes to the nurse directors of each clinic unit. The nurse directors will assume instrumental jobs as individuals from the project group. The nurse directors will be liable for executing bedside nursing reports on their units. They are additionally liable for furnishing the nurses on the units with the best possible training to guarantee the implementation of next to report a smooth change.
The facility may likewise uphold a time-sensitive deadline for the project to be a functioning procedure on each clinic unit. The nurse manager will be answerable for complying with this time constraint on their units. Nurse informaticists must encourage the consideration of computational instruments and calculations to help handle the assortment, association, examination, preparing, introduction, and dispersal of organic information (Mcgonigle & Mastrian, 2017). The nurse informaticists would make a framework to track, measure, and assess the kinds of blunders discovered during bedside report. The following of this information would be valuable to give further upgrades to persistent security picked up with bedside report.
NURS 6051 Impact of Nursing Informatics on Patient Outcomes and Patient Care Efficiencies Conclusion
It concludes that planning and implementing change in nursing practice can introduce difficulties. Patient consideration and how the consideration is conveyed is the establishment wherein healthcare organizations started. Beyond question, technology improving apparatuses influence each part of the nursing procedure in each care delivery condition. To build patient fulfillment and safety, medicinal services offices must be focused on giving consistent consideration successfully and proficiently. Healthcare organizations can do this all the more adequately through such nurse communication forms as bedside nursing report.
Implementing the bedside nursing report forms into the nurse work process through technology that fabricates trust and connections and makes network with patients outside the emergency clinic dividers. Closing the communication gaps through bedside nursing report that different nurses, patients, and families improve patient and staff fulfillment and clinical results while carrying budgetary advantages to the organization.
NURS 6051 Impact of Nursing Informatics on Patient Outcomes and Patient Care Efficiencies References
Darvish, A., Bahramnezhad, F., & Keyhanian, S. (2014). The Role of Nursing Informatics on Promoting Quality of Health Care and the Need for Appropriate Education. Glob J Health Sci, 11-18.
Honey, M. L., & Skiba, D. J. (2017). Nursing Informatics Competencies for Entry to Practice: The Perspective of Six Countries. Forecasting Informatics Competencies for Nurses in the Future of Connected Health.
Mcgonigle & Mastrian, K. (2017). Nursing Informatics and the Foundation of Knowledge. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Safdari, R., & Azad, Z. (2014). Solutions and Strategies for Nursing Informatics Development. International Journal of Nursing and Health Science, 4-12.
Thomas, T. W., & Seifert, P. C. (2016). Registered Nurses Leading Innovative Changes. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing.
Verma, M., & Gupta, S. (n.d.). Competency in informatics for nursing professional in India: Imbibing the tech-culture among nursing professionals. 2019.
Technology is continuously evolving in the field of healthcare. Nursing Informatics is pivotal in the connection between clinical and information technology leaders with the common goal of healthcare improvement, patient safety, and care. Nursing informatics has contributed to the current reality that nurses are providing direct patient care while transecting the realities of technology use (McGonogle and Mastrain, 2022). Arguably, technology integration poses tremendous challenges. Informatics leads the field in guidance, management, and effective leadership of information structures, processes, and technology. In my personal experience, even though I have been away from the field of clinical nursing for a few years, I have witnessed the integration movement of technology in healthcare.
In my experience as a travel nurse for several years, even though orientation was provided for each new assignment orientations, my ability to adapt to various electronic medical records was primarily self-motivated. Despite, the diverse use of technology within several healthcare organizations, one common theme I identified was the need for a clinician advocate as technologies in all these organizations invoked stress. When I graduated and entered the field of nursing, most organizations were converting from paper to electronic forms of charting. As a new graduate staff RN, I was also surprisingly asked to assist in order entry to a group of physician specialists on the newly intergraded system and step away from a patient care role by fire. A less stressful and smoother transition would have occurred between both physician and nurse educator if adequate training was created before nurses were sent into the field or if this was a job specific to a nurse in the nursing informatics specialty that was newly forming. In hindsight, a smoother transition would have occurred if nurse educators would have provided staff nurses that assumed this role to have adequate training on the new electronic medical record system. Unfortunately, in my experience, I did not have the skill set or training to successfully assume this role. It felt more like a volunteer request and pressured obligation rather than a learning opportunity. This example is a perfect argument for why healthcare organizations need competent nurses in informatics and well-developed methods and competencies.
In looking for better solutions and improvement I agree that clearly defined structure and leadership are needed, and that “nurse leaders should be allowed opportunities to both gain these competencies and apply their knowledge to decision making regarding informatics system and nursing care” (Mosier et al, 2019, p.547). Even though this was over 10 years ago, I think the point is still relevant. Luckily nursing informatics has evolved since then, Today, nursing informatics is recognized as a specialty and no longer requires just the skills to manage data and databases it also requires an extensive amount of competency and project management (Sipes, 2016). I feel a less stressful experience and the improved outcome would have occurred if I would have understood the technologies more in-depth by having the necessary training to perform the task. The reality now is that I will advocate for myself and use my resources as a more seasoned nurse to ensure I have an understanding of my roles and responsibilities. My other reality is this will not be the first experience in having to adapt to new forms of information and technologies in the ever-changing field of healthcare. As I expand realities, I am learning new technologies that enhance our capabilities but require self-awareness and conscious effort to maintain a caring therapeutic relationship with the patient.
The field of nursing is one that absolutely requires a team effort to succeed. To improve the quality of care provided, nurses need to collaborate with nursing informatics and technology experts to streamline the delivery of care (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2017). An example of this experience is : the patient is greeted by a receptionist who is also an expert in the patient’s medical records; the receptionist then directs the patient to the appropriate department. As the nurse’s assessment of the patient reveals multiple problems, including the level of urgency for the patient’s treatment, the patient is then sent to triage, the most crucial point in the patient’s care.
Triage also keeps tabs on vitals like blood pressure and body mass index before a patient is seen by a doctor. If the system is automated, the results will be transmitted directly to the on-call physician, or they may be noted on the patient’s file. The on-call physician or clinical officer will conduct an examination and make treatment and/or further diagnostics/hospitalization recommendations. The doctor may now give the order for the nurse to resume control in the event of admission or wound dressing. Patients typically follow this routine daily, and proper service delivery calls for the nurse’s expertise and collaboration with other professionals.
Using technology wisely can help with questions of strategy regarding how these interactions might be enhanced, as it can hasten the processes and eliminate the unnecessary delays that can add costs, or even contribute to the worst cases of loss of life (Macieria et al., 2017). Delays in service delivery, patient and healthcare provider satisfaction, and financial savings can all be avoided with efficient online transit of patient information from the point of admission through triage and on to the doctor’s office. Data are necessary for informed decision-making by nurse executives. The American Association of Nurse Leaders has identified critical informatics competences required for efficient leadership in today technological and data-driven era (Mosier, Roberts, & Englebright, 2019).
The future of nursing appears bright as nursing informatics continues to develop as a specialty, eliminating most manual tasks and enhancing collaborative interactions, leading to higher quality, greater productivity, and eventual cost savings (Wang, Kung & Byrd, 2018). Improvements in health care service delivery can be anticipated because of the increased efficiency and higher quality of professional interactions made possible by technological advancements.
Very Good Post Sukhdeep
I completely agree with your statement. While healthcare technology trends such as EHRs and telehealth have the potential to improve patient care outcomes, there are also risks and challenges that need to be addressed.
One of the main benefits of telehealth is its ability to improve access to healthcare services, particularly for patients who may face barriers to traditional in-person care, such as those in remote or rural areas. Additionally, telehealth can allow for better monitoring of patients with chronic conditions, leading to more effective management of those conditions and improved patient outcomes.
However, there are also risks associated with telehealth, such as issues related to data privacy and security. It is crucial that healthcare providers implement appropriate measures to protect patient information and comply with relevant regulations.
Another challenge in the adoption of healthcare technology is ensuring that it is used in an ethical and responsible manner. For example, while EHRs can improve efficiency and data management, they can also lead to provider burnout and potentially compromise the quality of care if not used properly.
Therefore, it is essential that those working in the healthcare industry remain vigilant and adopt new tools responsibly and ethically, always keeping the patient’s well-being as the top priority.
References:
McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2017). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Quality of Health Care in America. (2001). Crossing the quality chasm: A new health system for the 21st century. National Academies Press (US).
The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology. (2015). Connecting health and care for the nation: A shared nationwide interoperability roadmap. US Department of Health and Human Services.
Hollander, J. E., Carr, B. G., Virtanen, M. A., & Ohl, M. E. (2014). The use of telemedicine to improve emergency department transfer communication for remotely triaged patients. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 20(4), 212-216.
Bashshur, R. L., Shannon, G. W., Bashshur, N., & Yellowlees, P. M. (2016). The empirical evidence for telemedicine interventions in mental disorders. Telemedicine and e-Health, 22(2), 87-113.
Nursing informatics is a concept that integrates information science, computer science, and nursing science to facilitate efficient data management and utilization in the nursing and healthcare process (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2017). Nearly all professions currently rely on computer and information science to collect, analyze, and interpret organizational data, thus making it easy for organizations to anticipate issues and make decisions promptly (Backonja et al., 2022).
Some technologies used in nursing informatics include electronic health records (EHRs), electronic medical records (EMRs), online portals, and others used by nurses and other healthcare professionals to manage and address patient health issues and data (Backonja et al., 2022). Components of nursing informatics are also used in psychiatric mental health to manage patient data, plan treatment regimens, and analyze patient symptoms.
One time in a local psychiatric and mental health clinic, I observed that most patients overstayed in the facility, and they were not getting any better during their stay. I also observed that patients were admitted to various units depending on their chief complaints without assessments for comorbid mental health disorders and other diseases. I enquired why most patients treated for psychiatric and mental health disorders presented with other clinical conditions and why the management found it difficult to provide comprehensive care that addressed all the patient’s physical, psychological, and emotional needs.
It was explained that mental health disorders are diverse and that most of the symptoms used to diagnose mental health disorders are similar, making the appropriate diagnosis a challenging endeavor. Further explanation was that diagnosing mental health disorders is undertaken using the DSM-V criteria manual, which may not be 100% accurate in diagnosing patients with comorbid mental health conditions. The number of hospital readmissions in the facility kept increasing due to relapses and the emergence of other symptoms.
Description of Data that could be used
To mend this gap and ensure that all patients receive optimal care that meets all their needs, providers can collect and use the patient’s demographic data (age, sex, race, residence, education, occupation, and others) to understand what mental health problems affect specific demographic groups in the community (Backonja et al., 2022). Informatics can also be used to collect and analyze patients’ clinical data, including medical history, hospitalizations, current medications, and other EHRs data before planning and administering treatments to patients (Backonja et al., 2021).
It would also be important to collect the patient’s social data to identify various health risks associated with social determinants of health (SDOH), access to health information, and available social support networks. Data on patients’ behaviors and lifestyles can also be collected and analyzed to establish the relationship between their behaviors/lifestyles and strategize patient education and health promotion (Backonja et al., 2021). These data pieces can be collected through family health assessments, community surveys, patient feedback after discharge, and general health assessments.
Knowledge derived from the Data
The data can provide insightful knowledge on the prevalence and incidence rates of mental health diseases across population groups. It can also be used in the identification of available mental health resources, access rate to the resources, and SDOH affecting access to appropriate mental health services (Backonja et al., 2021). Moreover, data on social life can help psychiatric mental health workers to identify behavioral and lifestyle practices within communities and populations that influence their mental and physical health status (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2017). Providers can also use the data in planning public health promotion programs and initiating behavioral health education and awareness programs.
How a Nurse Leader Would Use Clinical Reasoning and Judgment
A nurse leader would use clinical judgment to gain knowledge by using the aforementioned data to promote population health, advocate for different demographic groups and populations, and formulate new policies (Backonja et al., 2021). For example, a nurse leader would use clinical data to identify persistent disparities in mental health services access and engage the relevant agencies and provider groups in charting effective strategies for eradicating the disparities (Backonja et al., 2021). Nurse leaders can also use the data to write policy briefs, review current evidence-based practices for addressing mental health issues, and create awareness about various mental health concerns across population groups (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2017). Lastly, a nurse leader can use the data collected to promote public health through health education, awareness creation, and advocacy campaigns.
References
Backonja, U., Langford, L. H., & Mook, P. J. (2022). How to support the nursing informatics leadership pipeline: Recommendations for nurse leaders and professional organizations. CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing, 40(1), 8-20. https://doi.org/10.1097/CIN.0000000000000827.
Backonja, U., Mook, P., & Heermann Langford, L. (2021). Calling nursing informatics leaders: Opportunities for personal and professional growth. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 26(3), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3912/OJIN.Vol26No03Man06
McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2017). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
NURS 6051 Impact of Nursing Informatics on Patient Outcomes and Patient Care Efficiencies
Nursing Informatics Project Proposal
The main goal of this paper is to describe a project proposal to one health care organizational leadership. This proposal of nursing information establishes the aim of improving patient care efficiencies and patient outcomes. The first section contains a well-established project description. The following section is the stakeholders. After identifying stakeholders, the paper will then explain how the project will impact the stakeholders. Next, after impacts will be the section containing patient care efficiencies or patient outcomes this project aims to enhance and how the enhancement will occur. Besides, the paper will also discuss the technologies required for the project to be implemented. Lastly, this paper will also discuss the project team and their responsibilities, especially the role contributed by nurse informatics on the project.
Project Description
The proposed project is about using Telehealth and telemedicine technology like laptops, iPads, and smartphones. The four main types of Telehealth will be mobile health, remote patient monitoring, live video-conferencing, and lastly, asynchronous video. Every health care personnel must be entitled to wear monitored smartphones used at the start of their working shifts. Also, every nursing station should be entitled to at least one or more laptops. With the availability of laptops in each nursing station, nurses, clinicians, doctors and other health care staff will record and store patient information such as admission, discharge and other records needed for further use. Through laptops and smartphones, nurses and other health care experts can monitor the health of their patients, mostly for those in charge of in-patient care and can also use some apps o monitor chronic illness at home. Technological devices should be given to nurses to help them monitor patient signs such as blood pressure, heart rate and blood glucose remotely. Nurses can be alerted through alarms when patients at home need immediate attention.
For telemedicine, some nurses can use it as the primary way of providing care to remote patients. Noted that telemedicine websites, nurse hotlines, and online chart technologies can be very useful in connecting nurses to their remote patients for daily questions or management of symptoms. Besides, the phones, laptops, websites, nurse hotlines can all be used by the medical team to speak to one another. For instance, a senior medic in his absence can use such tools to guide other nurses on what to do to manage emergencies. Tucson et al., 2017 adds that through this hotlines or direct Whatssap messages or telegram, the lab experts can send text messages to alert expert care providers about critical lab results. Appropriate action can be decided straight away to prevent the patient from death or severe complications. Through telehealth technologies, nurses will also be able to quickly share patients’ information with specialists in real-time and link patients with the best care across the globe.
Sample Answer for NURS 6051 Impact of Nursing Informatics on Patient Outcomes and Patient Care Efficiencies
Nursing informatics is today a core aspect of nursing professional activities and processes. In their paper, Al Najjar et al. (2022) assert that nursing informatics reinforces nursing through the provision of standard language systems, decision-making support, improved application of technology, and better interactions among patients and clinical professionals. The purpose of this paper is to propose an informatics program or initiative to the organizational leadership to improve patient outcomes and patient care efficiencies in the facility as well as patient care experience.
Description of the Proposed Project
The need to improve care provision implores nurses to consider a host of approaches leveraging technologies in their practice settings. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in nursing is still relatively low yet it can offer increased benefits in improving efficiencies in patient care and outcomes. An important part of AI for nursing is predictive analytics which allows nurses to discover previously unknown patterns in different sources of clinical and operational data that can help them make better decisions (Booth et al., 2021). Using predictive analytics can help nurses to attain actionable insights that lead to greater accuracy, and timely yet appropriate interventions in a prescriptive manner for both patients and operational efficiencies.
In this case, the proposed project is syndromic surveillance that leverages both predictive analytics and EHRs alerts. While patient alerts lead to nurse fatigue, the proposed project will not rely on alerts alone but incorporate predictive analytics as a component of artificial intelligence (AI) (Carroll,2018). Real-time surveillance of patients can help identify possible adverse effects immediately. Instantaneous clinical decision support tools then take the analyzed surveillance and apply it within the shortest time to signal nurses to take immediate or precautionary measures or steps (Glassman, 2018). Poor usability, alert fatigue, and understanding of the program by different end-users have impacted the execution of real-time decision support tools. However, using predictive analytics algorithms and the optimization of EHR alerts will improve to ensure that syndromic surveillance improves patient outcomes in any healthcare setting.
Stakeholders Impacted by the Project
The implementation of this project will impact a host of stakeholders. Key among these include nurses, patients, their families, healthcare systems, and physicians. In their article, Schwalbe et al. (2018) assert that healthcare project stakeholders include sponsors, project managers, project teams, support staff, and regulatory entities. They also include third parties and critics of the project. In this proposed project, the project manager, the sponsor, and the team will be stakeholders as they will be directly involved in project development, implementation, and coordination. Secondly, nurses, nurse managers and leaders, support staff, and other healthcare personnel will be impacted since they will use the outcome of the syndromic surveillance to implement interventions for identified patients in their clinical practice. Patients as stakeholders will attain better outcomes through the reduction of the possibility of adverse events.
The regulatory bodies and the third parties, especially system vendors and developers, will ensure that the project’s implementation does not violate any regulations and complies with data protection and privacy laws like HIPAA and HITECH (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2022). The technology should also not be harmful to patients. Third parties like insurance organizations and even the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) will be influenced as the initiative is aimed at reducing the overall cost of care through improved efficiencies and patient-quality care outcomes. The entire practice facility or healthcare organization is also a stakeholder as the project should align with its overall goals, strategy, and culture based on the mission and vision statements.
Patient Outcomes or Patient Care Efficiencies
The core aspect of any health improvement project or initiative is to enhance patient outcomes through the quality of care and enhancing efficiencies in processes. In their paper, Booth et al. (2021) implore nurses and healthcare providers as well as organizations to adopt informatics and other forms of healthcare technologies to improve patient outcomes and efficiencies in their processes. Therefore, the benefits of this initiative are immense for patients, nurses, and the healthcare system.
The use of syndromic surveillance that leverages predictive analytics and EHR alerts will lead to better patient outcomes. According to a study by Ageron et al. (2021), syndromic surveillance allows providers and public health systems to detect and monitor the occurrence of symptoms and other adverse events that may occur to patients. Using the tool, the article explores how healthcare providers leveraged the tool to predict hospital resource needs to counter the COVID-19 outbreak in Switzerland. The study notes that using the tool, public health providers and other healthcare professionals could predict and anticipate intensive care unit (ICU) occupancy by 13 days, including substantial aberration detection when the second wave occurred. The implication is that this tool will help improve the clinical decision-support abilities of nurses to offer interventions once they receive EHR alerts.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) asserts that syndromic surveillance offers healthcare professional a timely system that detects, understands, and monitor health events (Yoon et al., 2018). The system emphasizes the application of real-time pre-diagnostic data by tracking patients’ symptoms, right from the emergency department. The implication is that the implementation of the proposed solution will improve care coordination and allow nurses and other providers to support patient needs. Therefore, it will improve coordination which will enhance efficiency and overall patient outcomes.
Technologies Needed in Implementing the Project
The primary technology required in this project is artificial intelligence, especially predictive analytics and syndromic surveillance components as well as machine learning. Predictive analytics studies huge amounts of data to get indications of common symptoms, diagnoses, workflows, and other outcomes. The algorithms in predictive analytics use artificial intelligence aspects to get insight into the collected data and provide clinical decision support tools for nurses and other healthcare providers (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2022). The next technology required in this project is electronic health records (EHR) and their associated alerts. The project will leverage these technologies to develop a syndromic surveillance system to help nurses analyze patient symptoms and identify possible adverse events and make better clinical decisions.
Project Team
The project team is part of the stakeholders charged with the responsibility of planning and executing or implementing the project. The team will comprise the project sponsor, the project manager, nurse informaticists, third-party software vendors, and the financial manager. The project sponsor will be the main team member whose role will entail offering support and resources for the successful implementation of the project. The project sponsor will also ensure effective coordination and liaison with the management, especially the administrative and financial departments. The Health Information systems director will play this role (Ronquillo et al., 2021). The project manager will be the nurse manager whose main duty will be to oversight the overall implementation and coordinate the team comprising all experts and nurses. The project manager will provide weekly reports and identify areas that need improvement. The project manager will ensure that the project is completed based on the times to avoid any project creep.
Healthcare project teams should include medical experts who ensure that such initiatives are consistent with the best practices and do not harm patients (Schwalbe & Furlong, 2018). Because this project aims to enhance surveillance to improve clinical decision support, nurses and clinicians will be included. Their role would be to determine if the retrieved data provide sufficient details and can be used to identify symptoms, especially among patients at elevated risks from their disease conditions.
The informatics nurse will be a critical member of the project team and will implement the identified technologies in the healthcare practice. The informatics nurse will also evaluate the success of the project to determine if it is user-friendly and allows patients to make better clinical support decisions. The nurse informaticist will also collect information from nurses on what should be incorporated into the new system based on the organizational and practice requirements. Clinical data can only be meaningful if it is captured correctly by nurses (Hughes et al., 2020). Therefore, the nurse informaticist will also educate nurses and physicians on how to use the system and in daily operations in the facility. The informaticist will ensure that all nurses’ preferences are integrated into the system to help them attain set goals. The system vendor will also be a core part of the team with the role of providing the requisite system and its components. The vendor will install the system, and collaborate with the project manager and the nurse informatics to ensure that it meets the expected organizational functionalities.
Conclusion
The proposed project entails establishing a syndromic surveillance system to reduce adverse events by leveraging predictive analytics as a component of artificial intelligence and electronic health records (EHRs) alerts. The project will improve patient outcomes as well as organizational efficiencies by helping providers to make better clinical decisions. The project is critical in improving patient safety and ensuring that providers offer the best approach to patient needs.
References
Ageron, F. X., Hugli, O., Dami, F., Caillet-Bois, D., Pittet, V., Eckert, P., … & Carron, P. N.
(2022). Lessons from COVID-19 syndromic surveillance through emergency department activity: a prospective time series study from western Switzerland. BMJ open, 12(5), e054504. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054504.
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nursing profession should adapt for a digital future. BMJ, 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054504
Carroll, W. (2018). Artificial intelligence, nurses, and the quadruple aim. Online Journal of
Nursing Informatics, 22(2). http://www.himss.org/ojn
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Hughes, H. E., Edeghere, O., O’Brien, S. J., Vivancos, R., & Elliot, A. J. (2020). Emergency
department syndromic surveillance systems: a systematic review. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09949-y
McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2022). Nursing informatics and the foundation of
knowledge (5th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning
Ronquillo, C. E., Peltonen, L. M., Pruinelli, L., Chu, C. H., Bakken, S., Beduschi, A., … &
Topaz, M. (2021). Artificial intelligence in nursing: Priorities and opportunities from an international invitational think‐tank of the Nursing and Artificial Intelligence Leadership Collaborative. Journal of advanced nursing, 77(9), 3707-3717. DOI: 10.1111/jan.14855
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