Evidence-Based Practice and Quadruple Aim Assignment

Evidence-Based Practice and Quadruple Aim Assignment

Evidence-Based Practice and Quadruple Aim Assignment

Introduction

Evidence-based practice (EBP) plays a crucial role in healthcare organizations’ pursuit of the Quadruple Aim, which includes improving patient experience, enhancing population health, reducing costs, and improving the work life of healthcare providers. Here’s an analysis of how EBP can impact each of these four measures:

Patient Experience

How EBP Helps: EBP can significantly improve patient experience by ensuring that healthcare providers deliver care based on the best available evidence (Lavenburg et al., 2019). When clinical decisions are grounded in high-quality research and clinical guidelines, patients are more likely to receive effective, safe, and patient-centered care (Kim et al., 2016). This can lead to higher levels of patient satisfaction and a more positive healthcare experience.

Example: EBP can guide the implementation of evidence-based communication techniques, leading to better patient-provider interactions, improved patient education, and shared decision-making, all of which contribute to a more positive patient experience.

Population Health

How EBP Helps: EBP is instrumental in promoting better population health outcomes. By identifying and implementing evidence-based interventions and preventive measures, healthcare organizations can target specific health issues within their populations more effectively (Crabtree et al., 2016). EBP enables the development of population health strategies that are grounded in scientific evidence, leading to better health outcomes and disease prevention (Whelihan et al., 2022).

Example: EBP can guide population health initiatives such as vaccination programs, chronic disease management protocols, and health promotion campaigns, resulting in improved overall health within the community served by the healthcare organization.

Costs

How EBP Helps: EBP has the potential to control healthcare costs by reducing the use of ineffective or unnecessary interventions and treatments. When healthcare providers rely on evidence to make clinical decisions, they are less likely to order costly tests, treatments, or medications that may provide little to no benefit (Sikka et al. 2015). This can contribute to cost containment and more efficient resource allocation.

Example: EBP can help identify cost-effective interventions, such as preventive care measures, that yield better health outcomes while reducing the overall financial burden on the healthcare system.

Work-Life of Healthcare Providers

How EBP Helps: EBP can enhance the work life of healthcare providers by promoting a culture of learning, collaboration, and professional growth (Tang et al., 2019). When providers are encouraged to engage in evidence-based practice, they are more likely to feel that their clinical decisions are supported by research and best practices (de Belvis et al., 2019). This can lead to increased job satisfaction, reduced burnout, and a more positive work environment.

Example: Offering EBP training and resources to healthcare providers allows them to stay updated on the latest research findings and clinical guidelines. This continuous learning can empower providers to make more informed decisions and feel more confident in their roles.

Conclusion

In summary, EBP is a powerful tool for healthcare organizations striving to achieve the Quadruple Aim. It contributes to improved patient experiences, better population health outcomes, cost control, and enhanced work life for healthcare providers. By integrating EBP into their daily practices and decision-making processes, healthcare organizations can make meaningful progress toward achieving these critical goals (Gallagher et al., 2020).

 References

Crabtree, E., Brennan, E., Davis, A., & Coyle, A. (2016). . Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 13(2), 172–175. doi:10.1111/wvn.12126

de Belvis, A. G., Fratini, A., Angioletti, C., Morsella, A., Ruggeri, R., Pepe, G., Ianiro, G., Settanni, C., Gasbarrini, A., & Cammarota, G. (2021). How to define a quadruple aim framework to assess value in critical pathway of the patients with Clostridioides difficile infection. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 25(13), 4597–4610. https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202107_26252

Gallagher, F. L., Koshy Thomas, B., Connor, L., Sinnott, L. T., & Melnyk, B. M. (2020). The effects of an intensive evidence‐based practice educational and skills building program on EBP competency and attributes. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 17(1), 71–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12397

Kim, S. C., Stichler, J. F., Ecoff, L., Brown, C. E., Gallo, A.-M., & Davidson, J. E. (2016). Predictors of evidence-based practice implementation, job satisfaction, and group cohesion among regional fellowship program participantsLinks to an external site.. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 13(5), 340–348. doi:10.1111/wvn.12171

Lavenberg, J. G., Cacchione, P. Z., Jayakumar, K. L., Leas, B. F., Mitchell, M. D., Mull, N. K., & Umscheid, C. A. (2019). Impact of a Hospital Evidence-Based Practice Center (EPC) on Nursing Policy and Practice. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 16(1), 4–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12346

Sikka, R., Morath, J. M., & Leape, L. (2015). The Quadruple Aim: Care, health, cost and meaning in workLinks to an external site.. BMJ Quality & Safety, 24, 608–610. doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2015-004160

Tang, J. H.-C., Hudson, P., Smith, M., & Maas, R. (2019). Evidence-Based Practice Guideline: Nurse Retention for Nurse Managers. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 45(11), 11–19. https://doi.org/10.3928/00989134-20191011-03

Whelihan K, Modica C, Bay RC, & Lewis JH. (2022). Patient and Staff Satisfaction and Experience While Transforming Health Center Systems. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, ume 15, 2115–2124.

I reviewed Indiana University Health’s organization website. “Indiana University Health is the largest network of physicians in Indiana. A unique partnership with Indiana University School of Medicine, one of the nation’s leading medical schools, gives patients access to leading-edge medicine and treatment options that are available first, and often only, at IU Health.”  Evidence-Based Practice is prevalent throughout every page of this facility’s website. Being partnered with the IU School of Medicine and teaching facility, everything is grounded with EBP.

Indiana University Health’s work is grounded in evidence-based practice.  The healthcare system has a partnership with the Indiana University School of Medicine. They are using integrated ways of training top-of-the-line physicians. They are completing groundbreaking research and healthcare innovations.  IU Health has many different specialties including nationally-ranked pediatric care.

The information that I found on the website did not change my perspective of the organization.  The organization is very well known throughout the Midwest, specifically in Indiana.  It is known for top-of-the-line cancer research and specialized pediatric care. It is apparent, just through their website, that evidence-based practice is prevalent in the everyday operations of this healthcare system.

About Our System. (n.d.). IU Health. https://iuhealth.org/about-our-system

Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2018). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

Walden University, LLC. (Producer). (2018). Introduction to Evidence-Based Practice and Research [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Evidence-Based Practice and Quadruple Aim Assignment

Healthcare organizations continually seek to optimize healthcare performance. For years, this approach was a three-pronged one known as the Triple Aim, with efforts focused on improved population health, enhanced patient experience, and lower healthcare costs.

More recently, this approach has evolved to a Quadruple Aim by including a focus on improving the work life of healthcare providers. Each of these measures are impacted by decisions made at the organizational level, and organizations have increasingly turned to EBP to inform and justify these decisions.

To Prepare:

• Read the articles by Sikka, Morath, & Leape (2015); Crabtree, Brennan, Davis, & Coyle (2016); and Kim et al. (2016) provided in the Resources.
• Reflect on how EBP might impact (or not impact) the Quadruple Aim in healthcare.
• Consider the impact that EBP may have on factors impacting these quadruple aim elements, such as preventable medical errors or healthcare delivery.

To Complete:

Write a brief analysis (no longer than 2 pages) of the connection between EBP and the Quadruple Aim.

Your analysis should address how EBP might (or might not) help reach the Quadruple Aim, including each of the four measures of:

• Patient experience
• Population health
• Costs
• Work life of healthcare providers

By Day 7 of Week 1

Submit your anaylsis.

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Module 2\

Module 1: Evidence-Based Practice and the Quadruple Aim (Week 1)

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Evidence-based Practice and the Quadruple Aim [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Due By	Assignment
Week 1, Days 1-2	Read the Learning Resources. Compose your initial Discussion post.
Week 1, Day 3	Post your initial Discussion post. Begin to compose your Assignment.
Week 1, Days 4-5	Review peer Discussion posts. Compose your peer Discussion responses. Continue to compose your Assignment.
Week 1, Day 6	Post two peer Discussion responses.
Week 1, Day 7	Wrap up Discussion. Deadline to submit your Assignment.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

• Evaluate healthcare organizations for evidence-based practices
• Analyze the relationship between evidence-based practice and the Quadruple Aim in healthcare organizations

Photo Credit: BuyOutFootage.com

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Learning Resources

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2018). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

• Chapter 1, “Making the Case for Evidence-Based Practice and Cultivating a Spirit of Inquiry” (pp. 7–32)

Boller, J. (2017). Nurse educators: Leading health care to the quadruple aim sweet spot. Journal of Nursing Education, 56(12), 707–708. doi:10.3928/01484834-20171120-01

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Crabtree, E., Brennan, E., Davis, A., & Coyle, A. (2016). Improving patient care through nursing engagement in evidence-based practice. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 13(2), 172–175. doi:10.1111/wvn.12126

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Kim, S. C., Stichler, J. F., Ecoff, L., Brown, C. E., Gallo, A.-M., & Davidson, J. E. (2016). Predictors of evidence-based practice implementation, job satisfaction, and group cohesion among regional fellowship program participants. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 13(5), 340–348. doi:10.1111/wvn.12171

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Melnyk, B. M., Fineout-Overholt, E., Stillwell, S. B., & Williamson, K. M. (2010). Evidence-based practice: Step by step. The seven steps of evidence-based practice. American Journal of Nursing, 110(1), 51–53. doi:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000366056.06605.d2

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Melnyk, B. M., Gallagher-Ford, L., Long, L. E., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2014). The establishment of evidence-based practice competencies for practicing registered nurses and advanced practice nurses in real-world clinical settings: Proficiencies to improve healthcare quality, reliability, patient outcomes, and costs. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 11(1), 5–15. doi:10.1111/wvn.12021

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Sikka, R., Morath, J. M., & Leape, L. (2015). The Quadruple Aim: Care, health, cost and meaning in work. BMJ Quality & Safety, 24, 608–610. doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2015-004160

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Walden University Library. (n.d.-a). Databases A-Z: Nursing. Retrieved September 6, 2019, from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/az.php?s=19981

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Introduction to Evidence-Based Practice and Research [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

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Discussion: Where in the World Is Evidence-Based Practice?

March 21, 2010, was not EBP’s date of birth, but it may be the date the approach “grew up” and left home to take on the world.

When the Affordable Care Act was passed, it came with a requirement of empirical evidence. Research on EBP increased significantly. Application of EBP spread to allied health professions, education, healthcare technology, and more. Health organizations began to adopt and promote EBP.

In this Discussion, you will consider this adoption. You will examine healthcare organization websites and analyze to what extent these organizations use EBP.

To Prepare:

• Review the Resources and reflect on the definition and goal of EBP.
• Choose a professional healthcare organization’s website (e.g., a reimbursing body, an accredited body, or a national initiative).
• Explore the website to determine where and to what extent EBP is evident.

By Day 3 of Week 1

Post a description of the healthcare organization website you reviewed. Describe where, if at all, EBP appears (e.g., the mission, vision, philosophy, and/or goals of the healthcare organization, or in other locations on the website). Then, explain whether this healthcare organization’s work is grounded in EBP and why or why not. Finally, explain whether the information you discovered on the healthcare organization’s website has changed your perception of the healthcare organization. Be specific and provide examples.

By Day 6 of Week 1

Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days by visiting the websites they shared and offering additional examples of EBP or alternative views/interpretations to those shared in your colleagues’ posts.

With increasing healthcare demand, the healthcare system has been advancing drastically over the years, with the introduction of  Evidence-based Practice (EBP) for the provision of safe and quality care. Several models such as the triple aim which has evolved to quadruple aim have also been established to promote population health with enhanced patients experience at a reduced cost (Bowles et al., 2018). Healthcare experts believe that the incorporation of EBP into current clinical practice will help reach the Quadruple Aim. As such, the purpose of the present paper is to discuss the quadruple aim and its role in evidence-based practice.

EBP and the Quadruple Aim on Patient Experience

The quadruple aim is focused on the creation of better care output among patients, at a reduced cost, with an improved experience for both the patient and the healthcare provider. With EBP, all the four measures of the quadruple aim can be achieved. For instance, utilization of EBP in the delivery of care and decision-making process on the most appropriate intervention promotes the experience of the patient, with improved care outcome (Haverfield et al., 2020). Patients tend to feel safe when clinicians utilize evidence-based treatment approaches when taking care of them.

EBP and the Quadruple Aim on Population Health

Concerning population health, EBP promotes the utilization of research in better understanding the characteristics, values, needs, and preferences of a certain population, which are key elements in care delivery. For instance, common chronic illnesses such as diabetes and cardiovascular conditions have posed great challenges over the years, with increasing morbidity and mortality rates (Wagner et al., 2018). However, EBP, through research has led to the introduction of novel approaches which are time efficient and easily accessible helping populations with the highest prevalence of these comorbidities hence promoting the achievement of the quadruple aim.

EBP and the Quadruple Aim on Healthcare Cost

Additionally, with the introduction of EBP, clinicians have reported improved prognosis of several health complications with has reduced hospitalization rate hence reduced healthcare costs. Consequently, the use of proven diagnostic tools and treatment approaches has led to a reduced treatment period, hence reducing the costs associated with diagnostic tests and medication (Haverfield et al., 2020). Clinicians have also been trained to utilize cost-effective care approaches and avoid unnecessary procedures to help reach the quadruple aim.

EBP and the Quadruple Aim on Work-Life of Healthcare Providers

Lastly, despite EBP promoting patient-centered care, the experience of the healthcare workforce has also been considered for optimal care benefits. As the fourth element of the quadruple aim, EBP has ensured that clinicians are adequately trained to utilize time-saving and effective medical tools, to improve the efficiency of the care process (Haverfield et al., 2020). The current healthcare system has introduced several interventions through EBP to decrease provider burnouts, stress, and depression which would otherwise lead to poor health outcomes and decreased patient satisfaction.

Conclusion

            The healthcare system has evolved over the years towards the provision of safe and quality services. Currently, clinicians are encouraged to utilize EBP in care provision to improve the quality and efficiency of care provided at a reduced cost (Wagner et al., 2018). In the same line, the quadruple aim which evolved recently from the triple aim focuses on four main elements which can be achieved with the incorporation of EBP into current clinical practice.

References

Bowles, J. R., Adams, J. M., Batcheller, J., Zimmermann, D., & Pappas, S. (2018). The role of the nurse leader in advancing the Quadruple Aim. Nurse Leader, 16(4), 244-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mnl.2018.05.011

Haverfield, M. C., Tierney, A., Schwartz, R., Bass, M. B., Brown-Johnson, C., Zionts, D. L., … & Zulman, D. M. (2020). Can Patient-Provider Interpersonal Interventions Achieve the Quadruple Aim of Healthcare? A Systematic Review. Journal of general internal medicine, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-05525-2

Wagner, E. H., LeRoy, L., Schaefer, J., Bailit, M., Coleman, K., Zhan, C., & Meyers, D. (2018). How do innovative primary care practices achieve the quadruple aim?. The Journal of ambulatory care management, 41(4), 288-297. DOI: 10.1097/JAC.0000000000000249

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Post by Day 3 and Respond by Day 6 of Week 1

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Week 1 Discussion

As the demand for quality, accessible, and patient-centered care increases, healthcare providers must develop inventive interventions to address patients’ needs. They must also broaden their focus to ensure that disease-causing elements are avoided and populations play an active role in illness prevention. Accordingly, evidence-based practice (EBP) application is inevitable since it integrates the best scientific evidence, patient preferences and clinical proficiency to enhance patient care (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2018). An EBP’s approach to healthcare delivery helps to reach the Quadruple Aim since it positively impacts the Aim’s measures primarily patient experience and population health. It is also instrumental in reducing costs and promoting the work-life of healthcare professionals.

EBP and Patient Experience

From a practice viewpoint, EBP prompts healthcare professionals to translate scientific findings into practice. As a key component of the Quadruple Aim, patient experience includes general satisfaction with healthcare services and improving outcomes as situations necessitate (Valaitis et al., 2020). Translating research findings into practice improves patient experience since healthcare providers learn and implement innovative ways of addressing patient needs. It enables healthcare professionals to apply relevant and up-to-date strategies in healthcare delivery as they focus on patient-centeredness and holism among other practices that impact care positively to enhance the patient experience.

EBP and Population Health

An EBP approach to care and health promotion is integral to improving population health. Giving the example of the response towards COVID-19 pandemic, Van Bavel et al. (2020) observed that evidence-based public health practices are characterized by implementing effective programs and policies based on scientific reasoning. In public health, scientific reasoning includes an in-depth evaluation of population needs, systematic data use, and applying appropriate theories. Health promotion programs and policies, awareness programs, and strategies to promote equitable access to care respond directly to people’s needs (Van Bavel et al., 2020). They apply scientific reasoning since they evaluate data to determine the extent of populations’ needs depending on locations, cultures, and social class, among other determinants.

Costs

In today’s practice, healthcare providers face a significant challenge to provide optimal patient while utilizing the least resources possible. To address this challenge, EBP enables healthcare providers to apply cost-effective approaches in healthcare delivery including recent healthcare technologies and treatment methods. For instance, telehealth reduces distance and cost of care by eliminating avoidable physical visits to providers (Snoswell et al., 2020). Increased focus on preventive care reduces the treatment costs, which reduces the overall healthcare costs.

EBP and the Work-Life of Healthcare Providers

An EBP approach to care recommends practices that help to create a favorable work environment for healthcare providers. Evidence shows that conducive work environments characterized by the support of healthcare providers and interprofessional collaboration improve the health of healthcare providers (Hlongwa & Rispel, 2021). Scientific evidence further shows healthcare managers how to enhance staff productivity and ensure that they stay physically and mentally healthy.  A healthy workforce is integral for quality healthcare hence the need to ensure that healthcare providers are satisfied and with a positive mindset.

Conclusion

EBP is a practical problem-solving approach pivotal in achieving the Quadruple AIM in health practice. By utilizing EBP’s central components, healthcare providers can improve overall patient experience, public health, and the work-life of healthcare professionals. An EBP approach also enables healthcare providers to apply cost-effective interventions in healthcare delivery. Achieving these goals aligns with the general purpose of the Quadruple Aim which looks forward to promoting health among patients and across populations.

References

Hlongwa, P., & Rispel, L. C. (2021).Interprofessional collaboration among health professionals in cleft lip and palate treatment and care in the public health sector of South Africa. Human resources for health, 19(1), 1-9.

Melnyk, B. M., &Fineout-Overholt, E. (2018).Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice (4th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.

Snoswell, C. L., Taylor, M. L., Comans, T. A., Smith, A. C., Gray, L. C., &Caffery, L. J. (2020). Determining if telehealth can reduce health system costs: Scoping review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(10), e17298.doi: https://doi.org/10.2196/17298

Valaitis, R. K., Wong, S. T., MacDonald, M., Martin-Misener, R., O’Mara, L., Meagher-Stewart, D., …& Savage, R. (2020). Addressing quadruple aims through primary care and public health collaboration: ten Canadian case studies. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08610-y

Van Bavel, J. J., Baicker, K., Boggio, P. S., Capraro, V., Cichocka, A., Cikara, M., … &Willer, R. (2020). Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(5), 460-471. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0884-z

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Content
Name: NURS_6052_Module01_Week01_Assignment_Rubric

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Good
Fair
Poor
Write a brief analysis of the connection between evidence-based practice and the Quadruple Aim. Your analysis should address how evidence-based practice might (or might not) help reach the Quadruple Aim, including each of the four measures of:

·   Patient experience
·   Population health
·   Costs
·   Work life of healthcare providers

Points Range: 77 (77%) – 85 (85%)

The analysis clearly and accurately addresses in detail how evidence-based practice either supports or does not support the Quadruple Aim.

The analysis accurately and thoroughly explains in detail how the four measures of patient experience, population health, costs, and work-life of healthcare providers either supports or does not support the Quadruple Aim.

The analysis provides a complete, detailed, and specific synthesis of two outside resources reviewed on the four measures supporting or not supporting the Quadruple Aim. The response fully integrates at least two outside resources and two or three course-specific resources that fully support the analysis provided with credible and detailed examples.

Points Range: 68 (68%) – 76 (76%)

The analysis accurately addresses how evidence-based practice either supports or does not support the Quadruple Aim.

The analysis accurately explains how the four measures of patient experience, population health, and work life of healthcare providers either supports or does not support the Quadruple Aim.

The analysis provides an accurate synthesis of at least one outside resource reviewed on the four measures supporting or not supporting the Quadruple Aim. The response integrates at least 1 outside resource and two or three course-specific resources that may support the analysis provided and may include some detailed examples.

Points Range: 60 (60%) – 67 (67%)

The analysis inaccurately or vaguely addresses how evidence-based practice either supports or does not support the Quadruple Aim.

The analysis inaccurately or vaguely explains how the four measures of patient experience, population health, and work life of healthcare providers either supports or does not support the Quadruple Aim.

The analysis provides an inaccurate or vague analysis of the four measures supporting or not supporting the Quadruple Aim with a vague or inaccurate analysis of outside resources. The response minimally integrates resources that may support the analysis provided and may include vague or inaccurate examples.

Points Range: 0 (0%) – 59 (59%)

The analysis inaccurately and vaguely addresses how evidence-based practice either supports or does not support the Quadruple Aim or is missing.

The analysis inaccurately and vaguely explains how the four measures of patient experience, population health, and work life of healthcare providers either supports or does not support the Quadruple Aim or is missing.

The analysis provides a vague and inaccurate analysis of the four measures supporting or not supporting the Quadruple Aim with a vague and inaccurate analysis of outside resources. The response fails to integrate any resources to support the analysis provided or is missing.
Written Expression and Formatting—Paragraph Development and Organization:
Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction is provided which delineates all required criteria.

Points Range: 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity.

A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion is provided which delineates all required criteria.

Points Range: 4 (4%) – 4 (4%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time.

Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment is stated yet is brief and not descriptive.

Points Range: 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60–79% of the time.

Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment is vague or off topic.

Points Range: 0 (0%) – 3 (3%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity less than 60% of the time.

No purpose statement, introduction, or conclusion was provided.
Written Expression and Formatting—English Writing Standards:
Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation.

Points Range: 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)

Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors.

Points Range: 4 (4%) – 4 (4%)

Contains a few (one or two) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.

Points Range: 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)

Contains several (three or four) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.

Points Range: 0 (0%) – 3 (3%)

Contains many (five or more) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding.
Written Expression and Formatting—The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running head, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list.

Points Range: 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)

Uses correct APA format with no errors.

Points Range: 4 (4%) – 4 (4%)

Contains a few (one or two) APA format errors.

Points Range: 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)

Contains several (three or four) APA format errors.

Points Range: 0 (0%) – 3 (3%)
Contains many (five or more) APA format errors.
Total Points: 100
Name: NURS_6052_Module01_Week01_Assignment_Rubric