Discussion: NUR 550 Translational Research Graphic Organizer Template

Discussion: NUR 550 Translational Research Graphic Organizer Template

Discussion: NUR 550 Translational Research Graphic Organizer Template

The selected nursing issue for the evidence-based practice (EBP) project is medication errors in nursing that happen due to staffing shortage. Medication errors are a significant problem in healthcare sector, especially at this time when there is nursing shortage and high nurse turnovers. With reduced number of nurses working in the healthcare sector, the susceptibility of patients to medication errors increases, particularly adverse drug events that can lead to death and prolonged stays in hospitals (Buerhaus et al., 2017). The project will focus on the effectiveness of implementation of health information technology compared to the conventional ways of medication management to mitigate medication errors in critically ill patients. The selection of critically ill patients as the population of interest emanates from their increased vulnerability to injuries that need high-risk medication and more use of intravenous infusions which raises the possibility of medication errors. Health information technology can play an essential role in enhancing efficiency of nurses to offer required care and reduce medication errors.

Comparing research designs is essential to enhancing better understanding of the application and nature. Through effective understanding, nurses can apply evidence-based research into clinical practice to address issues and offer improve patient care. As such, the translational research graphic organizer compares one translational study to quantitative study, and one translational study to qualitative study.

Comparison 1: Translational Research vs. Qualitative Research

Criteria	Peer-Reviewed Translational Article and Permalink/Working Link: Härkänen, M., Vehviläinen-Julkunen, K., Murrells, T., Rafferty, A. M., & Franklin, B. D. (2019). Medication administration errors and mortality: incidents reported in England and Wales between 2007 ̶ 2016. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 15(7), 858-863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.11.010 Translational Research Type: T2	Peer-Reviewed Traditional Article and Permalink/Working Link: Barakat, S. & Franklin, B. D. (2020). An Evaluation of the Impact of Barcode Patient and Medication Scanning on Nursing Workflow at a UK Teaching Hospital. Pharmacy (Basel), 8(3):148.  doi: 10.3390/pharmacy8030148 Traditional Qualitative Research Type: Observational Research	Observations (Similarities/Differences)
Methodology	The researchers reported cases between 2007 and 2016 from the National Reporting and Learning System for England and Wales. The article also analyzes the deaths reported and categorizes drugs based on various parameters that include, year, age, location, and category of error using incidents’ initial classification.	The study was a comparative research with direct observation approach used in the two settings within acute surgical wards in UK hospital.	In both studies, the researchers use hypotheses to understand the phenomena under study. In both studies, the researchers actively participate in the research process. Struggling to Meet Your Deadline? Get your assignment on Discussion: NUR 550 Translational Research Graphic Organizer Template done on time by medical experts. Don’t wait – ORDER NOW! Meet my deadline However, researchers can manipulate the outcomes and research design in qualitative study but cannot in translational research.
Goals	The study’s goals include analysis of medication administration errors reported in acute care that led to death, know the involved drugs, and offer a description of administration error features like location type of error and patient age.	The authors assert that little is known about the use of barcode medication administration. Therefore, the researchers sought to evaluate the effects of barcode patient and medication scanning on nursing flow at a teaching hospital in the UK.	In both studies, the researchers’ focus is to improve practice interventions on the issue of medication administration errors. Conversely, the translational research’s main focus is to enhance practice and not produce new knowledge. In this case, the translational research article seeks to improve reporting and knowledge about the effects of medication errors. However, the qualitative research seeks new knowledge about the use barcode scanning.
Data Collection	The authors collected data from incident reporting in acute care setting. The data came from the National Reporting and Learning System of England and Wales.	The researchers collected data on drug rounds through observation on different parameters that include duration, timelines of medication administration, identity of patients, verification of medications and the overall workflow patterns in the two facilities.	Both collect data from different sources. However, qualitative study uses primary data collected through observation while the translational study uses secondary data from the reporting mechanism used in England and Wales.

 

 

Comparison 2: Translational Research vs. Quantitative Research

Criteria	Peer-Reviewed Translational Article and Permalink/Working Link: Flott, K., Nelson, D., Moorcroft, T., Mayer, E. K., Gage, W., Redhead, J. & Darzi, A. W. (2018).  Enhancing Safety Culture Through Improved Incident Reporting: A Case Study in Translational Research, Health Affairs, 37(11).  https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.0706 Translational Research Type:	Peer-Reviewed Traditional Article and Permalink/Working Link: Alomari, A., Sheppard-Law, S., Lewis, J. & Wilson, V. (2020). Effectiveness of Clinical Nurses’ interventions in reducing medication errors in a pediatric ward. The Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29(17-18): 3403-3413. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15374 Traditional Quantitative Research Type: Action Research (AR) three-phase study.	Observations (Similarities/Differences)
Methodology	The article uses a case study approach to report on an initiative by two large healthcare organizations and providers on the effects of using a learning health systems cycle of interventions.	The article used a quantitative research method comprising of three phases of action research. The first phase focused on developing an overview of the medication practice while the second developed and implemented targeted interventions. The third phase evaluated the implemented interventions.	Both studies use unique methodologies based on the interests of the researchers. Both do not involve the researchers in designing the methodology and its implementation.
Goals	The goals of the study are enhancement of patient safety culture using improved reporting of incidents and learning to shape a more just organization culture.	The aims and objectives of the study was to evaluate the effects of bundle interventions that nurses can develop and implement to reduce medication administration error rates. The article also focused on enhancing nurses’ medication administration practice.	The translational study’s focus is to enhance patient safety culture through effective reporting. However, the quantitative study seeks developing new knowledge for nurses to reduce medication administration errors. The quantitative study also focuses on improving nurses’ understanding of the medication administration practice
Data Collection	The authors collected data from frontline-staff who implemented seven evidence-based interventions. Through observation, the researchers monitored and recorded reported incidents based on several indicators, including reported harms.	The researchers collected data from the six recruited clinical pediatric nurses as part of the action research team. Data collection comprised of medication incident data, medical policy audits using a questionnaire.	Both collect data from participants in different patient settings. Both show that data is an important part of any research as it validates the developed hypotheses.

Conclusion

The articles from translational research and traditional research approaches show the effects of the different study approaches in gathering data and evidence on medication errors. The articles demonstrate the need for researchers to use research designs that will lead to enhanced and quality findings to translate into evidence-based practice interventions in clinical practice. The implication is that translational and traditional research approaches differ while also agree on certain aspects of research.

Discussion: NUR 550 Translational Research Graphic Organizer Template References

Alomari, A., Sheppard-Law, S., Lewis, J. & Wilson, V. (2020). Effectiveness of Clinical Nurses’ interventions in reducing medication

errors in a pediatric ward. The Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29(17-18): 3403-3413.

https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15374

Barakat, S. & Franklin, B. D. (2020). An Evaluation of the Impact of Barcode Patient and Medication Scanning on Nursing Workflow

at a UK Teaching Hospital. Pharmacy (Basel), 8(3):148.  doi: 10.3390/pharmacy8030148

Flott, K., Nelson, D., Moorcroft, T., Mayer, E. K., Gage, W., Redhead, J. & Darzi, A. W. (2018).  Enhancing Safety Culture Through

Improved Incident Reporting: A Case Study in Translational Research, Health Affairs, 37(11).

https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.0706

Härkänen, M., Vehviläinen-Julkunen, K., Murrells, T., Rafferty, A. M., & Franklin, B. D. (2019). Medication administration errors

and mortality: incidents reported in England and Wales between 2007 ̶ 2016. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 15(7), 858-863.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.11.010

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Discussion: NUR550 Translational Research Graphic Organizer Template

Use the “Translational Research Graphic Organizer Template” to compare three types of translational research with traditional (qualitative or quantitative) research. Make sure to include methodology, goals, and data collection in your organizer.

You are required to cite three to five sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and nursing content.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are not required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite.

What is Translational in health?

THE TRANSLATION OF THE ACHIEVEMENTS FROM BASIC SCIENCE into everyday clinical practice remains an important issue in contemporary health, and is addressed through the new subject of translational research, which aims to bridge the gap between basic research and its application in health. At first, it connected bench (basic) to bed research (clinical applications), which is also known as benchside-to-bedside research2. The definition of translational research has evolved over time, ceasing to be a field linked to clinical research, with perspectives that were mainly focused on the development of new health technologies.

Assignment: NUR 550 Translational Research

There is an emerging consensus on four perspectives that comprise different stages of translational research in their broad scope based on their different purposes. The first phase involves processes that bring the ideas and the discoveries of basic research at an early stage to their application in human beings. The second phase involves the establishment of efficacy in humans and clinical guidelines for the incorporation of the clinical knowledge into practice in health systems and services. The third phase focuses mainly on implementation research and the dissemination of the application of knowledge. The fourth phase focuses on results on patients and population effectiveness, as well as equity-related issues, in order to verify whether the expected effects of technologies introduced into the health system were different across population groups.

Currently, the European Society for Translational Medicine defines a broader scope for translational research as: an interdisciplinary branch of biomedical research supported by three pillars: bench, bed, and community research, whose goal is to combine subjects, resources, knowledge, and techniques, in order to promote advances in prevention, diagnosis, and therapies, aiming to significantly improve the global health system3.

The extension of the concept to health systems seems so obvious that one wonders why translational research has only recently caught the attention of health policy managers4. The field of translational research encompasses laboratory studies, clinical demands, public health and health management, policies, and economics. It is crucial in the evolution of contemporary biomedical science, and its interventions follow political-economic, ethical-social, and educational-scientific approaches. Translational research may progress by reorganizing academic teams translationally. New translation-oriented academic positions are urgently needed1. One of the reasons for the distance between basic research and its applications may lie in the increasing compartmentalization of science. Basic research, which seeks to discover the underlying principles of the natural world, is fundamentally different from applied research, which seeks to find ways to influence or control the world. Basic and applied research scientists not only differ in their training and in the tools, they bring to solve research problems, but also in the way they plan the health research process.

Assignment: NUR 550 Translational Research

Aspects related to policy implementation and the development of other technology modalities, other than drugs and diagnostic testing, have gradually attracted the attention and interest of the academic community and decision-makers around the world. Increasingly, translational research also means translating knowledge into political and organizational praxis.

In order to move forward in this direction, translational research has broadened its scope and built connections to align itself with the translation of knowledge. It is defined as a systematic and transparent process of synthesis, dissemination, exchange, and ethical application of knowledge to improve results and strengthen public policies and health systems, as well as population health, encompassing all the phases in between production and effective application of scientific knowledge, in its various modalities and epistemological and methodological perspectives, in order to support more beneficial results for society.

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You must proofread your paper. But do not strictly rely on your computer’s spell-checker and grammar-checker; failure to do so indicates a lack of effort on your part and you can expect your grade to suffer accordingly. Papers with numerous misspelled words and grammatical mistakes will be penalized. Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes.

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The paper must be neatly formatted, double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument.

APA Writing Checklist

Use this document as a checklist for each paper you will write throughout your GCU graduate program. Follow specific instructions indicated in the assignment and use this checklist to help ensure correct grammar and APA formatting. Refer to the APA resources available in the GCU Library and Student Success Center.

☐ APA paper template (located in the Student Success Center/Writing Center) is utilized for the correct format of the paper. APA style is applied, and format is correct throughout.

☐  The title page is present. APA format is applied correctly. There are no errors.

☐ The introduction is present. APA format is applied correctly. There are no errors.

☐ Topic is well defined.

☐ Strong thesis statement is included in the introduction of the paper.

☐ The thesis statement is consistently threaded throughout the paper and included in the conclusion.

☐ Paragraph development: Each paragraph has an introductory statement, two or three sentences as the body of the paragraph, and a transition sentence to facilitate the flow of information. The sections of the main body are organized to reflect the main points of the author. APA format is applied correctly. There are no errors.

☐ All sources are cited. APA style and format are correctly applied and are free from error.

☐ Sources are completely and correctly documented on a References page, as appropriate to assignment and APA style, and format is free of error.

Scholarly Resources: Scholarly resources are written with a focus on a specific subject discipline and usually written by an expert in the same subject field. Scholarly resources are written for an academic audience.

Examples of Scholarly Resources include: Academic journals, books written by experts in a field, and formally published encyclopedias and dictionaries.

Peer-Reviewed Journals: Peer-reviewed journals are evaluated prior to publication by experts in the journal’s subject discipline. This process ensures that the articles published within the journal are academically rigorous and meet the required expectations of an article in that subject discipline.

Empirical Journal Article: This type of scholarly resource is a subset of scholarly articles that reports the original finding of an observational or experimental research study. Common aspects found within an empirical article include: literature review, methodology, results, and discussion.

Adapted from “Evaluating Resources: Defining Scholarly Resources,” located in Research Guides in the GCU Library.

☐ The writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English. Utilize writing resources such as Grammarly, LopesWrite report, and ThinkingStorm to check your writing.

State the nursing practice problem for your evidence-based practice project. If your nursing problem has not yet been approved, make any required changes or revisions to your nursing practice problem prior to starting the assignment. Using your proposed topic, conduct a literature search and complete the tables below.

Nursing Practice Problem: The nursing practice problem is obesity among school-age children.

Comparison 1: Translational Research vs. Qualitative Research

Criteria	Peer-Reviewed Translational Article and Permalink/Working Link: Joseph, E. D., Kracht, C. L., St. Romain, J., Allen, A. T., Barbaree, C., Martin, C. K., & Staiano, A. E. (2019). Young children’s screen time and physical activity: Perspectives of parents and early care and education center providers. Global Pediatric Health, 6, 2333794X19865856. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2333794X19865856 Translational Research Type: Translation to practice (T3)	Peer-Reviewed Traditional Article and Permalink/Working Link: Stiglic, N., & Viner, R. M. (2019). Effects of screentime on the health and well-being of children and adolescents: A systematic review of reviews. BMJ Open, 9(1), e023191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023191 Traditional Qualitative Research Type: systematic review of past literature.	Observations (Similarities/Differences)
Methodology	Four focus groups (3 parents and 1 ECE provider) were conducted and thematic analysis performed to identify themes and subthemes on children’s screen time and physical activity. Twenty-eight caregivers (21 parents and 7 ECE providers) participated in the research.	A systematic review of past studies on the evidence for health and well-being effects of screen time in children and adolescents was conducted. 13 reviews were identified.	Joseph et al. (2019) used focus groups while Stiglic and Viner (2019) did a literature review.
Goals	The primary goal was to seek input from caregivers on barriers and facilitators of physical activity and screen time to comprehensively address them and promote children’s health.	The study systematically examined the evidence of harms and benefits relating to screen time for children and young people’s health and well-being.	Joseph et al. (2019) examined how caregivers’ input regarding physical activity and screen time can be used to promote children’s health while Stiglic and Viner (2019) examined what past studies concluded regarding harms and benefits of screen time and children’s health and well-being.
Data Collection	Data for the study was obtained from focus groups containing twenty-eight caregivers. Focus groups were held between January and March 2017.	Stiglic and Viner (2019) searched electronic databases (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL) in February 2018.	Joseph et al. (2019) collected data from participants while Stiglic and Viner (2019) collected from peer-reviewed articles.

Comparison 2: Translational Research vs. Quantitative Research

Criteria	Peer-Reviewed Translational Article and Permalink/Working Link: Schwarzfischer, P., Gruszfeld, D., Socha, P., Luque, V., Closa-Monasterolo, R., Rousseaux, D., … & Grote, V. (2020). Effects of screen time and playing outside on anthropometric measures in preschool aged children. PloS One, 15(3), e0229708. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229708 Translational Research Type: research focused on outcomes in populations (T4)	Peer-Reviewed Traditional Article and Permalink/Working Link: Goncalves, W. S. F., Byrne, R., Viana, M. T., & Trost, S. G. (2019). Parental influences on screen time and weight status among preschool children from Brazil: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 16(1), 1-8. doi: 10.1186/s12966-019-0788-3 Traditional Quantitative Research Type: A cross-sectional study. [experimental research]	Observations (Similarities/Differences)
Methodology	Schwarzfischer et al. (2020) assessed children of the European Childhood Obesity Project annually by questionnaire from 3 until 6 years of age with focus on playing outside (PO) and screen time.	A survey measuring sociodemographic data, weekday and weekend screen time, and parental self-efficacy for limiting screen time.	Both studies evaluated outcomes. However, Schwarzfischer et al. (2020) used questionnaires while Goncalves et al. (2019) did a survey.
Goals	Schwarzfischer et al. (2020) investigated the relationship between average time spent on playing outside and screen time and anthropometric measures (body weight, waist circumference, and height) at 3 and 6 years of age.	Goncalves et al. (2019) examined the relationships between parental screen time, self-efficacy to limit screen time, child screen time and child BMI in preschool-aged children.	Both researches examined the relationship between screen time and measures related to obesity such as weight gain. However, Schwarzfischer et al. (2020) focused on various anthropometric measures while Goncalves et al. (2019) focused on child BMI.
Data Collection	Body weight, waist circumference and height were measured at 3 and 6 years of age to calculate Body-Mass-Index z-Scores (zBMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WTH) of 526 children of CHOP. Schwarzfischer et al. (2020) applied linear, logistic and quantile regressions to test whether playing outside and screen time impacted anthropometric measures.	Height and weight were measured to derive BMI and BMI percentile. Goncalves et al. (2019) further used observed variable path analysis to examine the relationship between parental and child variables.	Schwarzfischer et al. (2020) measured zBMI and waist-to-height ratio while Goncalves et al. (2019) measured height and weight to derive BMI.

Discussion: NUR 550 Translational Research Graphic Organizer Template References

Goncalves, W. S. F., Byrne, R., Viana, M. T., & Trost, S. G. (2019). Parental influences on screen time and weight status among preschool children from Brazil: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 16(1), 1-8. doi: 10.1186/s12966-019-0788-3

Joseph, E. D., Kracht, C. L., St. Romain, J., Allen, A. T., Barbaree, C., Martin, C. K., & Staiano, A. E. (2019). Young children’s screen time and physical activity: Perspectives of parents and early care and education center providers. Global Pediatric Health, 6, 2333794X19865856. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2333794X19865856

Schwarzfischer, P., Gruszfeld, D., Socha, P., Luque, V., Closa-Monasterolo, R., Rousseaux, D., … & Grote, V. (2020). Effects of screen time and playing outside on anthropometric measures in preschool aged children. PloS One, 15(3), e0229708. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229708

Stiglic, N., & Viner, R. M. (2019). Effects of screentime on the health and well-being of children and adolescents: A systematic review of reviews. BMJ Open, 9(1), e023191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023191

Translational research has the ability to improve and identify the global disease burden by addressing its components of genomics, genetics, social determinants of health, and ecological and global issues. A specific current example of a global and ecological issue is air pollution. Health effects of air pollution include but are not limited to cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer, and respiratory diseases such as emphysema. (Senerat et al., 2020) Translational research presents useful and relevant outcomes that will aid in improvement of public health with their proof of rapid scientific breakthroughs, sophisticated healthcare delivery, multidisciplinary collaboration, public outreach, support for medical and health practices (Jarvis et al., 2019)

Translational research’s role in ecological and global issues is translating science research, such as biomarkers and measurements of air quality, into human clinical research, which would be the impact the air quality and air pollution have on human individuals. The T2 phase of translational research puts human clinical research into practice. This phase of the research allows for researchers to identify gaps and health disparities in patient care. (Titler, 2017) Translational genomics and genetics specifically outlines the complex interactions among genes, gene products, and the environment such as discovering individual molecular profiles, genetic associations and their mechanisms, targeted treatments, and harmful biomarkers. (Schully & Khoury, 2014)

The social determinants of health include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context. An example of translational research used in social determinants of health would be the analysis of the effects of healthy air quality, such as decreased incidence of lung cancer, reduced occurrence of premature deaths from heart disease, and chronic respiratory illnesses. Evidence from community-based translational research will aid stakeholders in engaging with and implementing programs to enhance accessibility and disease preventative measures in community. (Jarvis et al., 2019)

Resources

Fleming, E. S., Perkins, J., Easa, D., Conde, J. G., Baker, R. S., Southerland, W. M., Dottin, R., Benabe, J. E., Ofili, E. O., Bond, V. C., McClure, S. A., Sayre, M. H., Beanan, M. J., & Norris, K. C. (2008). The role of translational research in addressing health disparities: a conceptual framework. Ethnicity & disease, 18(2 Suppl 2), S2–160.

Jarvis, M, Krishnan, V, Mitragotri, S. Nanocrystals: A perspective on translational research and clinical studies. Bioengineering & Translational Medicine. 2019; 4: 5-16. https://doi.org/10.1002/btm2.10122

Schully, S. D., & Khoury, M. J. (2014). What is translational genomics? An expanded research agenda for improving individual and population health. Applied & translational genomics, 3(4), 82–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atg.2014.09.006

Senerat, A. M., Manemann, S. M., Clements, N. S., Brook, R. D., Hassett, L. C., & Roger, V. L. (2020). Biomarkers and indoor air quality: A translational research review. Journal of clinical and translational science, 5(1), e39. https://doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.532

Titler, M. G. (2018). Translation Research in Practice: An Introduction. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 23(2), 1. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.3912/OJIN.Vol23No02Man01