Benchmark Electronic Health Record Implementation Paper

Benchmark Electronic Health Record Implementation Paper

Benchmark – Electronic Health Record Implementation Paper

Electronic Health Record Implementation Paper

Electronic health records refer to the digital storage of patient data and ensure that such data is only available to the authorized personnel and there is no unauthorized access to such data. The implementation of the electronic health records in medical facilities is an ever improving phenomenon that ensures that patients have access to quality medical care. Some of the primary advantages of the electronic health records include ease of access to medical histories of the patient, which can then point out the allergies and the possible reaction to medication that the patient has recorded. Benchmarking on the functionality of the electronic health recorded by the medical administrators and nursing informatics managers is crucial in the determination of how they would design their system (Mandel, Kreda, Mandl, Kohane & Ramoni, 2016). The firewalls needed for prevention of cyber security issues and integration of informatics to capture, analyze and interpret the medical information is an important cog of the EHR system. This paper details out the role of advanced registered nurse during the benchmark, review, and leadership skills that he or she needs to exude when implementing the electronic health records.

Key Information in the Database

The electronic health record plays a key role in the improvement of care to patients. The key information that one can derive from the system is essential in enabling a clinician to track the opportunities for care improvement. The key information that the electronic health records (EHR) provide is on the medical history of the clients. Such can be a basis upon which the clinicians make decisions on the evidence based practices that would be appropriate to the improvement of patient outcomes. Data from the EHR can be analyzed by the clinicians to determine the prevalence of a given medical condition in a locality and track the type of medication that is often issued to such patients. The response of such patients to the regular medication can facilitate decision making on the ideal type of treatment or evidence based practice that can be issued to the patient. Furthermore, information on the life threatening allergies that the patient could be having is also existent and such can provide an opportunity for care improvement.

Role of Informatics

Informatics is critical in the capability of an organization to capture the data needed for care improvement within the medical facilities. Informatics facilitates the process through which nurses and other medical staff capture the needed data within the EHR. Informatics ensures that there is proper management of data stored within the system and the interpretation of the medical histories of the patients, thus, ease of communicating the care processes needed within the facilities.  Informatics also facilitates the ideal organization of patient data to ensure that the medical history of the patients is matched with their needs. Health informatics often examines the relationship between different medicines and dosages that are issued to a patient and further recommend the interactions of the various medications can be deemed as being dangerous or if there is a likely reaction owing to allergies. Therefore, data on allergies and drug relationships are realized through informatics.

Systems and Implementation System

The health information systems and the health informatics nurses need to be involved in the design process. The health information system bears the data of the patients and the improvement or nature of data that ought to be captured. Health information systems also facilitate determination of the security features that would need to be integrated in the system and the safety features that would need to be integrated within the system (Goldstein, Navar, Pencina, & Ioannidis, 2017). The informatics nurse specialists would provide the necessary expertise that would be crucial in the designing of the system and ensuring that the system captures the data that would be needed within it (Birkhead, Klompas, & Shah, 2015). Other medical professionals such as laboratory technologists, physicians, psychiatrists and the general nurses would need to be included in the team and issue their input on how the system would function better.

Professional, Ethical and Regulatory Standards

The regulatory standards are premised on the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) regulations. The regulation establishes that where the medical records of patients are stored electronically, there is need to install safety features that would ensure that such data is not compromised and only the authorized personnel have access to such data (Colorafi & Bailey, 2016). The major ethical standards that are to be considered include confidentiality of the patient information and patient consent. The patient will need to be informed that their data is to be stored electronically and issue consent before such exercise is carried out. Additionally, only the authorized personnel would need to see the extent of patient data that has been approved for the purpose of offering care to such patient. However, the patient data should not be shared to a third and unauthorized party (Rajkomar et al., 2018). Professionally, the nursing informatics manager is in charge of the system and ensures that at no point is the system compromised. The health informatics manager also issues training to the other staff who are to use the system in the course of their work.

Communication of the Changes and Transition Plan

The information on the transition from the existent health information system to the electronic health record needs to be communicated through an official memo and direct staff e-mails. The information needs to bear the timeline for the transition, staff scheduled for training, and the dates and the overall objectives of the new project. Official communication would further enable the staff to plan for the change that they would go through in the work processes and issue feedback on how such improvement could be realized within the medical facility.

Evaluation of Success of the EHR Implementation

The success of the EHR is anchored on the evaluation process. Evaluation would ensure that there is feedback got by the nursing managers, which would then lead to the improvement of the system. The staff would need to issue quarterly reports to the informatics managers on the suitability of the system to their work and the improvements that would need to be made. The patient would also need to be issued with exit questionnaires after three month timelines where they would issue feedback on the EHR and how the system addresses the core ethical issues of confidentiality and consent (Miotto, Li, Kidd, & Dudley, 2016). Feedback is ideal in the receipt of information on the adjustments that would be needed in the system.

Leadership Skills and Theories

Teamwork is a leadership skill that is essential in facilitating collaboration with the interprofessional team. Teamwork would ensure that there is adequate input which each staff has on how the system could be made effective and receiving feedback on the functionality of the system. Leadership is also essential in the provision of patient-centered care and integration of evidence-based care for the nursing professionals.  The transformation leadership theory is critical for consideration for the advanced nursing manager to consider. The theory establishes that the leader and the follower need to motivate each other and work towards the implementation of common goals within the organization (Casey, Schwartz, Stewart & Adler, 2016). The theory is suitable for the content of the electronic health record implementation since it will facilitate the building of a team by the nursing manager and the additional staff including subjects to work towards designing and utilization of an effective system.

Conclusion

Informatics is a key component of the electronic health records. It facilitates the capturing or patient data, medical history, previous conditions and medical issues. It also captures information such as drug reaction and allergies that the patient could have suffered. Therefore, it is a critical component for the advanced registered nurse to consider during procurement, implementation, utilization and review of the electronic health records. However, there is need to provide team leadership and ensure that all the personnel in the medical facility are taken through training on the usability of the system and their role in the functionality of the system. Regular evaluation needs to be sought from personnel and patients through questionnaires, issued on a regular three month interval, to determine its efficacy and adjustments that need to be made to the system. Importantly, the regulatory standards outlined through HIPAA are a key consideration for the nursing informatics managers to integrate from the design to the operationalization process of the system. The ethical considerations of consent and confidentiality also need to be integrated in the system.

Description:

One way informatics can be especially valuable is in capturing data to inspire improvements and quality change in practice. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) collects adverse events and safety concerns data.

If you are working within a practice setting to implement a new electronic health record (EHR) system, this is just one of the many considerations your team would need to plan for during the rollout process.

In a paper of 1,500-1,750 words, discuss the following:

1.  Consider an opportunity for tracking care improvement. What key information would be needed in the database? Example: Time lapse from medication order documented in the EHR to delivery of medication to the patient for the cardiology service.
2.  Describe the role informatics plays in the ability to capture this data. What type of project management strategies and methodologies can be implemented to support informatics initiatives to help improve quality within the clinical practice?
3. Discuss which systems and staff members need to be involved in the design and implementation process. What is the role of the advanced registered nurse in promoting evidence-based practice and leading quality and performance improvement initiatives within this setting?

Systems and Staff Members Needed in the Design and Implementation Process

The design and implementation of an EHR-based fall-risk assessment tool will require various informatics systems and staff involvement. Fall-risk management software will be needed to capture all fall events in the hospital.

An electronic medical record (EMR) will be needed to record patient demographics, hospitalization history, comorbid conditions, anthropometric measures, medications, diagnostic test values, and nursing assessment (Ye et al., 2020)s. Moreover, an E-prescribing system will be required to monitor the medications prescribed for a fall-risk patient.

A clinical decision support system (CDSS) will guide healthcare providers on the evidence-based strategies to take in patients identified as a high fall risk.

The staff members in the design and implementation team will comprise a project manager, lead user, physicians, and nurses. The project manager will provide leadership to the team and oversee the project’s initiatives, decide the project’s scope, and develop the project’s budget and production details.

Besides, the project manager will ensure that all the project interventions are implemented within the set timeline (Ye et al., 2020). The lead user will act as the link between the healthcare providers and the technical team.

Thus, the lead user will present the providers’ views to the team on how the tool should be designed to meet priority patients’ needs related to falls and improve the assessment of falls. Physicians and nurses will be involved in the implementation process.

They will be involved in conducting fall assessments using the EHR tool and documenting the findings in the system (Ye et al., 2020). The advanced registered nurse (APRN) advocates for patients’ and nurses’ interests by ensuring the initiatives implemented are based on evidence.

The APRN can present EBP interventions to the team to include them in the EHR fall-risk tool implementation to promote better success with the implementation.

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Outline strategies for implementing the new EHR proposal. Consider communication changes, transitioning to the new EHR, and managing resources (human, fiscal, and health care resources).

Discuss what professional, ethical, and regulatory standards must be incorporated into the design and implementation of the system. Benchmark – Electronic Health Record Implementation Paper

Describe the measures and steps you would take to evaluate the success of the EHR implementation from a staff, setting, and patient perspective to measure effectiveness and ensure continuous quality improvement in practice.

Explain what leadership skills and theories would be needed to facilitate collaboration with the interprofessional team and provide evidence-based, patient-centered care.

You are required to cite five to 10 sources to complete this assignment. Sources must have been published within the last five years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and nursing content.

Complete the “APA Writing Checklist” to ensure that your paper adheres to APA style, formatting criteria, and general guidelines for academic writing. Include the completed checklist as an appendix at the end of your paper.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines in the APA Style Guide in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Course Materials if you need assistance.

Benchmark Information

This benchmark assignment assesses the following programmatic competencies:

MBA-MSN; MSN-Nursing Education; MSN Acute Care Nurse Practitioner-Adult-Gerontology; MSN Family Nurse Practitioner; MSN-Health Informatics; MSN-Health Care Quality and Patient Safety; MSN-Leadership in Health Care Systems; MSN-Public Health Nursing

2.3: Develop leadership skills to collaborate on interprofessional teams in the provision of evidence-based, patient-centered care.

5.2: Apply professional, ethical, and regulatory standards of practice in the provision of safe, effective health care.

Topic 8 DQ 1

Description:

Open and clear communication is critical for the effective functioning of the interprofessional team and the delivery of safe patient care. Discuss the way communication technologies can enhance coordination of care by interprofessional teams. Be sure to discuss a specific communication technology in your response.

Communication systems in healthcare include secure messaging, mobile phones, video conferencing, telehealth, secure apps, email, and secure fax. It involves relaying and sharing information between health professionals as well as patients. The use of these communication technologies can impact the way nurses assess, formulate care plans, provide care, document care provided and even clinical decision making (Rouleau et al., 2017). The use of communication technology enhances the collaboration and coordination of the interprofessional team since there are now multiple, secure ways to relay health information to other related providers.

High-quality interprofessional communication helps reduce errors and improves quality care and patient outcomes (Bardach et al., 2017). Most, if not all healthcare providers in the US have now transitioned to the use of electronic health records system so there have been various technology development to enhance the communication technology within the electronic healthcare record system which will make it easier for providers to securely relay health information which can be tracked and maintained within the system. In the current electronic health record system that we use in our organization, my favorite feature is being able to send secure messages to physicians, nurses, and other healthcare team members and instantly get responses. And for providers that are not using the same electronic health care system, I like the health information exchange system that we have which allows us to access the health records of our common patients. It eliminates the need to pick up the phone and be placed on hold for a long time just to get in touch with our other providers.

Benchmark Electronic Health Record Implementation Paper References:

Bardach, S., Real, K., & Bardach, D. (2017). Perspectives of healthcare practitioners: An exploration of interprofessional communication using electronic medical records. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 31(3), 300–306. https://doi.org/10.1080/13561820.2016.1269312

Rouleau G., Gagnon M., Côté J., Payne-Gagnon J., Hudson E., Dubois, C. (2017).

Impact of information and communication technologies on nursing care: Results of an overview of systematic reviews. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(4), 122. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.6686

Effective healthcare delivery is based on transparent and clear communication, particularly with inter-professional teams. These multidisciplinary teams of specialists work together to offer patients comprehensive and all-encompassing care. Safe and effective patient outcomes depend on these varied professionals coordinating their healthcare delivery and communication technologies, essential to improving care coordination in today’s healthcare environment (Hassan, 2020). The Electronic Health Record (EHR) system is one such technology that has completely changed healthcare communication. Authorized healthcare providers from various specialties can access patient data centrally using the EHR system. This digital platform makes it easy for team members to share patient data, encouraging cooperative decision-making. With real-time changes made possible by EHRs, as opposed to traditional paper-based records, there is less chance of misunderstandings or out-of-date information (Watterson et al., 2020). Healthcare professionals can obtain a patient’s test results, treatment plans, and medical history through safe and interoperable technologies, which fosters a common understanding of the patient’s condition across the interprofessional team. EHR use improves clinical documentation accuracy while increasing the pace at which information is exchanged. Less reliance on handwritten notes and paper charts reduces the risk of errors caused by handwriting that is not readable or misplaced documents. This encourages more accurate sharing of vital medical information, lowering the possibility of miscommunications that can jeopardize patient security.

Furthermore, real-time team communication is facilitated by communication technology like secure messaging platforms incorporated into EHR systems. Without the delays that come with using standard communication techniques, clinicians can communicate, discuss treatment plans, and ask questions (Watterson et al., 2020). This instantaneous communication facilitates prompt decision-making, especially in urgent situations where prompt action is essential. Another communication technique that has been useful for inter-professional teams is telemedicine, particularly in underserved or rural places. Professionals from many professions can work together on patient care virtually, overcoming geographical limitations. Video conferencing is made possible by telemedicine technologies, enabling team members to communicate face-to-face even when they are geographically apart, thus keeping the team cohesive and guaranteeing that all viewpoints are taken into account when making decisions (Sinsky et al., 2021). It is evident that the utilization of communication technologies, especially the EHR, is essential for improving care coordination amongst various healthcare practitioners. The capacity to overcome geographical obstacles, communicate in real-time and share information seamlessly all contribute to better patient outcomes and more efficient healthcare delivery. As technology continues to advance, its integration into inter-professional collaboration promises even more transformative effects on the quality and safety of patient care.

Topic 8 DQ 2

Description:

Virtual care and telehealth technologies have the capability to greatly expand access to quality health care. Discuss some benefits and drawbacks of virtual care/telehealth, particularly related to the collaboration and coordination of care and the role of the advanced registered nurse.

Virtual care and telehealth technologies have greatly expanded access to quality healthcare. There are both benefits and drawbacks to implementing this new technology in the healthcare setting. Telemedicine can improve the coordination of care for patients (Delabano, 2020). It increases access for patients who may not be comfortable with coming into a medical facility or for those will limited mobility, lack of transportation or must travel long distances to get to a medical office. This was especially useful during the COVID pandemic when patients could speak to a provider at home rather than exposing patients and providers in the office (Delabano, 2020). However, it may also not be accessible if patients do not have access to technology at home or have difficulty understanding how to use technology, such as elderly patients (Delabano, 2020). It also improves the timeliness of seeking care and getting treatment when patients have alternatives to going into the office or have a complaint that may not even require being seen in the office (Delabano, 2020). Certain visits may ultimately end up requiring an in-person visit. However, continuity of care and collaboration can break down if patients seek treatment from outside telehealth services that cannot see their current medical information or cannot upload the information from that visit to their EHR (Delabano, 2020). That is why health systems having their own or contracted telehealth services is beneficial because telemedicine visits still become a part of the patient’s accessible EHR. Providers utilizing telehealth have also been shown to have decreased burnout, which can lead to medical errors (Delabano, 2020). However, if telehealth workflow is not optimized, providers may experience burnout from decreased efficiency. The option to engage in telehealth decreases daily redundancy, travel time, and office stress and distractions (Delabano, 2020). Advanced Practice Registered Nurses will have a big role in the growth and experience of telemedicine as it is becoming more popular in primary care settings. Nurse informaticists play a big role in implementing telemedicine as they are partially responsible for implementing and monitoring its use.

Topic 8: Interprofessionalism and Interrelationships in Informatics and Information Systems

Objectives:

1. Analyze the role of the advanced registered nurse in promoting evidence-based practice and leading quality and performance improvement initiatives.
2. Analyze quality standards and performance measures related to the use of informatics for continuous quality improvement in practice settings.
3. Discuss project management strategies and methodologies for implementing health care informatics initiatives that improve quality within clinical practice.

Study Materials

Nursing Informatics and the Foundation of Knowledge

Description:

Read Chapters 16 and 20 in Nursing Informatics and the Foundation of Knowledge.

Health IT

Description:

Explore the HealthIT.gov website.

Artificial Intelligence Research: The Utility and Design of a Relational Database System

Description:

Read “Artificial Intelligence Research: The Utility and Design of a Relational Database System,” by Diling, from
Advances in Radiation Oncology (2020).

Application of Project Management Tools and Techniques to Support Nursing Intervention Research

Description:

Read “Application of Project Management Tools and Techniques to Support Nursing Intervention Research,” by Rew, Cauvin, Cengiz, Pretorius, and Johnson, from Nursing Outlook (2020).

How Data Can Save Lives: Informatics for Health 2017

Description:

Read “How Data Can Save Lives: Informatics for Health 2017,” by Cookson, from BMC Series Blog (2017), located on the BioMed Central website.

Electronic Health Record (EHR) System Testing Plan

Description:

Read “Electronic Health Record (EHR) System Testing Plan,” located on the HealthIT.gov website.

EHR Testing: Specifics and Best Practices

Description:

Read “EHR Testing: Specifics and Best Practices,” by Mikhailau (2019), located on the Health IT Outcomes website.

Health IT Standards

Description:

Read “Health IT Standards,” located on the HealthIT.gov website.

Perspectives of Healthcare Practitioners: An Exploration of Interprofessional Communication Using Electronic Medical Records

Description:

Read “Perspectives of Healthcare Practitioners: An Exploration of Interprofessional Communication Using Electronic Medical Records,” by Bardach, Real, and Bardach, from Journal of Interprofessional Care (2017).

Best Practices for Health Informatician Involvement in Interprofessional Health Care Teams

Description:

Read “Best Practices for Health Informatician Involvement in Interprofessional Health Care Teams,” by Holden, Binkheder, Patel, and Viernes, from Applied Clinical Informatics (2018).

Impact of Information and Communication Technology on Nursing Care: Results of an Overview of Systematic Reviews

Description:

Read “Impact of Information and Communication Technology on Nursing Care: Results of an Overview of Systematic Reviews,” by Rouleau et al., from Journal of Medical Internet Research(2017).

Top 10 Telehealth Benefits and Challenges Concerning Hospitals

Description:

Read “Top 10 Telehealth Benefits and Challenges Concerning Hospitals,” from Delabano (2020), located on the Access website.

Perspectives of Nurses Toward Telehealth Efficacy and Quality of Health Care: Pilot Study

Description:

Read “Perspectives of Nurses Toward Telehealth Efficacy and Quality of Health Care: Pilot Study,” by Bashir and Bastola, from JMIR Medical Informatics (2018).

Role of Informatics in Capturing the Above Data

Health informatics plays an important role in capturing the above data that is used for tracking opportunities in healthcare. It promotes the provision of patient-centered care. It also provides a mechanism in which patients and healthcare providers exchange vital information for improving healthcare outcomes.

The information can be shared with other healthcare providers for the purposes of collaborative provision of healthcare. Through it, shared decision-making is promoted since patients have more control over the planning of their healthcare needs. Informatics also provides opportunities for error minimization in the use of the collected data.

For instance, standards of information used are developed to guide the interpretation of each category of data and its implications to healthcare, thereby, promoting meaningful use of the obtained data.

Systems and Staff Needed in the Design and Implementation Process and Team

The type of system to be selected depends largely on the needs of an organization. However, it is important that the selected system promote flexibility and ease use by the healthcare providers. It should enhance patient-healthcare provider interaction rather than deterring the nature of communication between them.

The electronic health record is one such system. Therefore, the user interface of the selected system should be intuitive as well as easy to learn. The simplicity ensures that there is easy transition for the users and enhanced system effectiveness in delivering the needed productivity.

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The staff that are needed in the design and implementation of healthcare technologies should comprise of administrative staff, medical assistants, nurses, lead super user, information technology professionals, and physicians.

They are needed in the design process as they provide their input on system features that should be included in the system. They are also needed in the implementation phase as they determine the usability of the system and ease of use. The staffs work as teams throughout the process of system design to evaluation.

Professional, Ethical, and Regulatory Standards that must be incorporated into Design and Implementation of the System

The design and implementation of electronic health systems are done with a consideration of professional, ethical, and regulatory standards. According to the American Nurses Association, healthcare information technologies should promote patient safety as well as enhanced patient outcomes.

The data should be accurately as well as efficiently obtained, recorded, stored, analyzed, and reported. Ethical principles that guide the use of electronic health data should also be considered. This includes the principles of confidentiality, privacy, and security of electronic health data. Healthcare providers should also play an active role in the design, implementation, and evaluation of system use in their organizations (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2016).

Regulatory standards must also be incorporated into the design and implementation of health electronic systems. An example is the consideration of the provisions of the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH) and HIPAA security standards. According to HIPAA, institutions of healthcare should take the responsibility of protecting the health data of their patients.

The principles of privacy, confidentiality, and security should be upheld for the efficient and effective use of electronic health data. The HITECH Act provides stricter measures that underpin the provisions of HIPAA standards (Sarkar, 2015). It increases the legal liability for any incidence of non-compliance to HIPAA provisions on the use and protection of electronic health data.

One way informatics can be especially valuable is in capturing data to inspire improvements and quality change in practice. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) collects adverse events and safety concerns data. If you are working within a practice setting to implement a new electronic health record (EHR) system, this is just one of the many considerations your team would need to plan for during the rollout process.

Benchmark – Electronic Health Record Implementation Paper NUR 514 Topic 8

In a paper of 1,250-1,500 words, address the following questions related to the advanced registered nurse’s role during this type of scenario:

• What key information would be needed in the database that would allow you to track opportunities for care improvement?
• What role does informatics play in the ability to capture this data?
• Which systems and staff members would need to be involved in the design and implementation process and team?
• What professional, ethical, and regulatory standards must be incorporated into the design and implementation of the system?
• How would the EHR team ensure that all order sets are part of the new record?
• How would you communicate the changes, including any transition plan?
• What measures and steps would you take to evaluate the success of the EHR implementation from a staff, setting, and patient perspective?
• What leadership skills and theories would facilitate collaboration with the interprofessional team and provide evidence-based, patient-centered care?
• You are required to cite five to 10 sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last five years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and nursing content.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines in the APA Style Guide in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.

This benchmark assignment assesses the following programmatic competencies:

• 2.3: Develop leadership skills to collaborate on interprofessional teams in the provision of evidence-based, patient-centered care.
• 5.2: Apply professional, ethical, and regulatory standards of practice in the provision of safe, effective health care.

Course Code Class Code Assignment Title Total Points

NUR-514 NUR-514-O501 Benchmark – Electronic Health Record Implementation Paper 210.0

Criteria Percentage Unsatisfactory (0.00%) Less than Satisfactory (80.00%) Satisfactory (88.00%) Good (92.00%) Excellent (100.00%)
Content 70.0%

Role Informatics Plays in the Ability to Capture This Data 10.0% A discussion of the role informatics plays in capturing this data is omitted. A discussion of the role informatics plays in the ability to capture this data is present, but it lacks detail or is incomplete. A discussion of the role informatics plays in the ability to capture this data is current.

A discussion of informatics’s role in capturing this data is clearly provided and well-developed. A comprehensive discussion of informatics’s role in capturing this data is thoroughly developed with supporting details.

Key Information Needed in the Database to Track Opportunities for Care Improvement 10.0% A discussion of key information needed in the database to track opportunities for care improvement is not included. A discussion of key information needed in the database to track opportunities for care improvement is present, but it lacks detail or is incomplete.

A discussion of key information needed in the database to track opportunities for care improvement is present. A discussion of key information needed in the database to track opportunities for care improvement is clearly provided and well-developed.

A comprehensive discussion of key information needed in the database to track opportunities for care improvement is thoroughly developed with supporting details. Benchmark Electronic Health Record Implementation Paper.

The Systems and Staff Members that Would Need to Be Involved in the Design and Implementation Process and Team 10.0% A discussion of the systems and staff members that would need to be involved in the design and implementation process and team is not included. A discussion of the systems and staff members that would need to be involved in the design and implementation process and team is present, but it lacks detail or is incomplete.

A discussion of the systems and staff members that would need to be involved in the design and implementation process and the team is present. A discussion of the systems and staff members that would need to be involved in the design and implementation process and team is clearly provided and well developed. A comprehensive discussion of the systems and staff members that would need to be involved in the design and implementation process and team is thoroughly developed with supporting details.

How the EHR Team Would Ensure all Order Sets Are Part of the New Record 5.0% A discussion of how the EHR team would ensure that all order sets are part of the new record is not included. A discussion of how the EHR team would ensure that all order sets are part of the new record is present, but it lacks detail or is incomplete.

A discussion of how the EHR team would ensure that all order sets are part of the new record is present. A discussion of how the EHR team would ensure that all order sets are part of the new record is clearly provided and well-developed. A comprehensive discussion of how the EHR team would ensure that all order sets are part of the new record is thoroughly developed with supporting details.

Professional, Ethical, and Regulatory Standards That Must Be Incorporated Into the Design and Implementation of the System (5.2) 10.0% A discussion of professional, ethical, and regulatory standards that must be incorporated into the design and implementation of the system is not included.

A discussion of professional, ethical, and regulatory standards that must be incorporated into the design and implementation of the system is present, but it lacks detail or is incomplete. A discussion of professional, ethical, and regulatory standards that must be incorporated into the design and implementation of the system is present.

A discussion of professional, ethical, and regulatory standards that must be incorporated into the design and implementation of the system is clearly provided and well developed. A comprehensive discussion of professional, ethical, and regulatory standards that must be incorporated into the design and implementation of the system is thoroughly developed with supporting details.

Communication of the Changes, Including Any Kind of Transition Plan 5.0% A discussion of how to communicate the changes, including any kind of transition plan, is not included. A discussion of how to communicate the changes, including any kind of transition plan, is present, but it lacks detail or is incomplete.

A discussion of how to communicate the changes, including any kind of transition plan, is present. A discussion of how to communicate the changes, including any kind of transition plan, is clearly provided and well developed. A comprehensive discussion of how to communicate the changes, including any kind of transition plan, is thoroughly developed with supporting details. Benchmark Electronic Health Record Implementation Paper

Argument Logic and Construction 8.0% Statement of purpose is not justified by the conclusion. The conclusion does not support the claim made. Argument is incoherent and uses noncredible sources. Sufficient justification of claims is lacking. Argument lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic. Some sources have questionable credibility.

The argument is orderly but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument presents minimal justification of claims. Argument logically, but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are credible. The introduction and conclusion bracket the thesis. Argument shows logical progressions. Techniques of argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are authoritative. Clear and convincing argument that presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative.

Leadership Skills, Theories, and Styles to Employ for Collaboration on Interprofessional Teams Participating in the Legislative Process and Providing Evidence-Based, Patient-Centered Care (2.3) 10.0% A discussion of leadership skills, theories, and styles to employ for collaboration on interprofessional teams participating in the legislative process and providing evidence-based, patient-centered care is not included.

A discussion of leadership skills, theories, and styles to employ for collaboration on interprofessional teams participating in the legislative process and providing evidence-based, patient-centered care is present, but it lacks detail or is incomplete. A discussion of leadership skills, theories, and styles to employ for collaboration on interprofessional teams participating in the legislative process and providing evidence-based, patient-centered care is present.

A discussion of leadership skills, theories, and styles to employ for collaboration on interprofessional teams participating in the legislative process and providing evidence-based, patient-centered care is clearly provided and well developed. A comprehensive discussion of leadership skills, theories, and styles to employ for collaboration on interprofessional teams participating in the legislative process and providing evidence-based, patient-centered care is thoroughly developed with supporting details.

Measures and Steps to Evaluate the Success of the EHR Implementation 5.0% A discussion of measures and steps to evaluate the success of the EHR implementation is not included. A discussion of measures and steps to evaluate the success of the EHR implementation is present, but it lacks detail or is incomplete.

A discussion of measures and steps to evaluate the success of the EHR implementation is present. A discussion of measures and steps to evaluate the success of the EHR implementation is clearly provided and well developed. A comprehensive discussion of measures and steps to evaluate the success of the EHR implementation is thoroughly developed with supporting details.

Required Sources 5.0% Sources are not included. The number of required sources is only partially met. The number of required sources is met, but sources are outdated or inappropriate. The number of required sources is met. Sources are current, but not all sources are appropriate for the assignment criteria and nursing content. The number of required resources is met. Sources are current, and appropriate for the assignment criteria and nursing content.

Organization and Effectiveness 20.0%

Thesis Development and Purpose 7.0% Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim. Thesis is insufficiently developed or vague. Purpose is not clear. Thesis is apparent and appropriate to purpose. Thesis is clear and forecasts the development of the paper.

Thesis is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose. Thesis is comprehensive and contains the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.

Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use) 5.0% Surface errors are pervasive enough to impede meaning communication. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used. Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register) or word choice are present.

The sentence structure is correct but not varied. Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct and varied sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are employed. Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. The writer uses a variety of effective sentence structures and figures of speech. Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.

Format 10.0%

Paper Format (Use of appropriate style for the major and assignment) 5.0% Template is not used appropriately or documentation format is rarely followed correctly. Template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken; lack of control with formatting is apparent. Template is used, and formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present. Template is fully used; There are virtually no errors in formatting style. All format elements are correct.

Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style) 5.0% Sources are not documented. Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors.

Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present. Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct. Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.

TOPIC 8 DQ 1

Open and clear communication is critical for the effective functioning of the interprofessional team and the delivery of safe patient care. Discuss the way communication technologies can enhance coordination of care by interprofessional teams. Be sure to discuss a specific communication technology in your response.

Re: Topic 8 DQ 1

Collaborative communication in healthcare teams requires two-way dialogues, real-time resource mobilization, and exchanges that lead directly to action. Healthcare organizations can automate and simplify critical communications and coordination activities every day. Achieve individual, group, and enterprise-wide notification and response to coordinate communication and workflows seamlessly across boundaries (Zysk, 2020).

The value of interprofessional collaborative practice is increasingly recognized. So national competencies have been developed in the United States to facilitate interprofessional education (IPE) within the academic curriculum. Team members need to learn how to work together cooperatively, communicate with one another meaningfully, and make good health care decisions together.

It is critically important for team members to share relevant information they possess concerning the health care situation with all of the different members of their team. Including health care providers, administrators, and consumers involved in the health care situation, so they are all on the same page and know what is going on with the patient and the patient’s treatment plan.

Each team member is likely to have specialized knowledge and experiences relevant to the health care situation that can help the team make informed health care decisions. However, the best ways to share this technical knowledge and information may be brutal for team members to accomplish (Zysk, 2020).

Interprofessional healthcare teams have become an integral part of the modern healthcare system. The teams enable interdependent healthcare providers and consumers to share needed expertise for making complex and important collaborative healthcare decisions.

Effective teams also promote coordination among different specialists and key stakeholders in delivering the best possible care. However, effective communication is essential to adequate healthcare teams, and care must be taken to build meaningful, respectful, and cooperative relationships among team members.

Team members need to perform crucial functional tasks and maintenance goals within their teams while minimizing dysfunctional roles. Groups also demand effective leadership, both formal leadership, and emergent leadership. Influential leaders encourage the sharing of relevant information and management of productive conflict.

Ultimately, the best team members use their interpersonal communication skills to develop cooperative relationships and collaborative teams (Kreps, G.L., 2016).  Technology has been and will be at the forefront of communication as we move forward.

Benchmark Electronic Health Record Implementation Paper Reference

Kreps, G. L. (2016). Communication and Effective Interprofessional Health Care Teams. International Archives of Nursing and Health Care, 2(3). doi:10.23937/2469-5823/1510051

Zysk, T. (2020). 3 Ways Collaborative Communication Technology Improves Healthcare. Retrieved January 17, 2021, from https://www.liveprocess.com/blog-three-ways-collaborative-communication-improves-healthcare/

Electronic Health Record Implementation

The adoption of electronic health records has significantly shaped the provision of healthcare in the modern world. Electronic health records have enabled health organizations to obtain, organize, analyze and present data for the healthcare providers’ use in decision-making.

The costs of healthcare have also declined significantly with the use of electronic health records. The reduction is attributed to the enhanced efficiency in the decision-making process and the provision of healthcare. There is also the improved provision of safe, high-quality care that meets the actual and perceived needs of the diverse populations.

Therefore, this research paper examines the roles of the registered nurse in various scenarios related to using electronic health records.

Database to Track Opportunities for Care Improvement Information

Health information systems should provide enhanced efficiencies in data use and tracking for opportunities in healthcare too. Different kinds of information are needed to allow for the tracking of healthcare opportunities. One of them is information on patient satisfaction.

The systems should allow organizations to obtain data related to patient satisfaction with care. The patients should also provide their feedback on areas of improvement that would result in better services to those in need (Sarkar, 2015). Such information is important since the organization learns more about how excellent services can be offered to meet the diverse needs of the patients.

The other information that is needed in the database is information on appointment processes. The organization needs to be available for the populations in need at all times. It is therefore important that information on the duration that it takes from the time of requesting an appointment to the actual appointment is obtained.

Information on effectiveness of the reminders of appointment and missed or cancelled appointment should also be kept in the database. The above information is needed to evaluate the responsiveness of the organization to its consumers (Graña, Toro, & Howlett, 2015). The company can optimize such information by ensuring that patients receive excellent services from booking appointments, actual appointments, reminders, and finding out about the reasons for missed or cancelled appointments.

The other information needed in the database for tracking opportunities in healthcare is information on the quality of treatment offered to those in need. The nature of care given to the patients should be safe, effective, and quality. It should optimize on patient outcomes such as faster recovery, safety, cost-effectiveness, and minimize adverse events.

Therefore, information such as those related to prescription, referral tracking, and result tracking can be used to improve the quality of treatment.

Topic 8 DQ 2

Virtual care and telehealth technologies can greatly expand access to quality health care. Discuss some benefits and drawbacks of virtual care/telehealth, particularly related to the collaboration and coordination of care and the role of the advanced registered nurse.

Re: Topic 8 DQ 2

Telehealth is the use of telecommunications technology that allows for health data collection and transfer, communication between providers and patients, allowing care to be provided to patient’s remotely despite of their location.

Frey & Chiu (2021) mentions four telehealth methods: synchronous or live video, store-and-forward, remote patient monitoring, and mHealth (mobile health). Synchronous or live video involves a two-way communication between a provide and a patient in real time. Store-and–forward is data and patient history collected by a provider which is stored and can later be obtained by another provider through a secure platform.

Remote patient monitoring consists of using digital or electronic tools, that records patient’s health information, such as blood sugar and blood pressures, which can be transmitted automatically to a provider for review. Mobile health refers to the practice of medicine and public health aided by mobile devices such as mobile phones, tablets, personal digital assistants, and wireless infrastructure (Innovatemedtec, 2021).

Virtual care is the channel by which healthcare providers communicate with their patients; it is the virtual visit between the healthcare team (MD, nurse, PT, etc.) and the patient. For virtual care to happen, communication technologies, such as video, chat or phone are required. This allows patients to be connected to the quality care they need, when they need it most (Synzi, 2018).

Telehealth can be beneficial when coordinating care for patients. For example, surgical patients needing pre-surgical care and post-surgical care. Nurses can contact patients via e-mail, video conferencing, or the phone, to setup appointments, do post-op teaching, and check on how patients are doing once discharged home after surgery. An example mentioned by McGonigle & Mastrian (2017) is that virtual care allows a nurse to coordinate and complete 12-16 telehealth visits vs 7 visits by a conventional home health care nurse.

A drawback a nurse can encounter with telehealth is not being able to do an actual physical examination. There may be instances where a hands-on, comprehensive physical assessment is important, requiring the patient to either go to the office or a nurse to go to the patient’s home. Having to draw blood or the patient requiring radiology tests, and technical difficulties with technological devices, could also affect telehealth encounters.

Nurses must be mindful of HIPPA regulations and remember they can only treat patients within the state they are licensed in when participating in telehealth (Frey & Chiu, 2021).

Benchmark Electronic Health Record Implementation Paper References

Frey, M.B. & Chiu, S.H. (2021). Considerations when using telemedicine as the advance practice registered nurse. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 17 (2021), 289-292). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2020.11.011

Innovatemedtec. (2012). What is mHealth? https://innovatemedtec.com/digital-health/mhealth

McGonigle, D., Mastrian, K. (2017). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. ISBN-13:9781284121247

Synzi, L. H. (2018, June 8). Why virtual care is the “new” telehealth. https://www.healthitoutcomes.com/doc/why-virutal-care-is-the-new-telehealth-0001

Quality improvement in patient care is one of the ways in which healthcare organizations achieve their desired goals and objectives. The improvement in quality of care is achievable using methods such as the utilization of electronic health records (EHR) to optimize on care outcomes. Electronic health records enable health organizations to achieve their desired efficiency, quality and safety in the use of health technologies in patient care. They use it in data collection, organization, analysis, and retrieval for easy decision making on the care needs by the patients. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the opportunities that exist for tracking care information with the adoption of a new electronic health records system. It also focuses on the roles of informatics in the new system as well as those of the advanced registered nurse in the use of health information systems and the leadership styles and approaches needed to facilitate the success of the process.

Key Information in the Database

The newly adopted system should enable opportunities for tracking improvements in the organization. The database should therefore contain a number of information that would be used for tracking improvements. One of the information relates to those for tracking patient response to treatment. The database should be able to capture the problems of patients at the time of contact with the provider, the adopted interventions, and assessment of their effectiveness in facilitating health, wellbeing and recovery. The other information is the demographics of the patient. The database should be able to capture the key demographic data that relates to health. The information will be used for tracking trends of health problems in the population. An additional information is progress notes, diagnostic, and laboratory information. The information will be used for evaluating the need for specific interventions and their effectiveness in facilitating the effective management of the health problem. The other type of information relates to indicators of safety and quality in the organization (Hussey & Kennedy, 2021). The database should capture information such as rates of adverse events in the organization to enable the determination of safety and quality of care given to patients in the institution.

Role of Informatics

Informatics plays a critical role in the ability to capture the above information. Firstly, informatics comprises clinical tools as well as applications that facilitates the capturing of health-related data in the electronic databases. The capture data is important for use in advancing the medical care that patients receive. The informatics applications and tools also organize the data obtained from different sources of care in the organization (Sipes, 2019). It organizes the data into forms such as the electronic medical records and devices for tracking health. The organization of data seeks to ensure efficiency in use in making clinical decisions. Informatics also enables easy retrieval of information by the healthcare providers. Accordingly, healthcare providers have enhanced opportunities to access stored data whenever needed to facilitate decision-making. Besides capturing, storing, and retrieval, informatics has security systems embedded in them to ensure data integrity (Barrett, 2018). The systems have advanced levels of security that eliminates any potential access of the private and confidential data by unauthorized parties.

Systems and Staff Members

The successful implementation of the new EHR system will require the use of a number of systems as well as the involvement of different staff members. There is a need for systems such as billing, documentation, and reimbursement systems. There is also the need for systems to facilitate e-prescribing, telehealth, and report generation. The reimbursement and billing system will enhance the efficiency of paying for healthcare services and making insurance claims. The e-prescribing will be used to order electronic prescriptions for patients. The documentation system will be used for keeping the health records of the patients. The report generation system will be used in developing summaries of healthcare services given and their effectiveness in delivering the expected institutional outcomes (Hussey & Kennedy, 2021).

The staff that will be involved in the project will be varied. They will include nurses, physicians, IT officer, system developer, and project manager. Nurses and physicians will be the direct adopters of the new electronic health records system. Their involvement in the implementation entails ensuring that the system is user-friendly and facilitates their needs in the provision of patient care. The IT officer will provide the technical support needed for the efficient use of the new system. The system developer will train the staffs on the use of the new system. The developer will also address any technical issues that may be experienced with the use of the system in patient care. The project manager will oversee the whole process of implementation (Hussey & Kennedy, 2021). The manager will ensure efficient use of resources to achieve optimum outcomes with the newly adopted system.

The advanced registered nurse will play a number of roles in promoting-evidence based practice and leading quality and performance improvement initiatives within the setting. Firstly, the nurse will ensure the use of evidence-based interventions in the use implementation of the new system. The nurse will use their knowledge and skills gained in nursing informatics to influence the utilization of best interventions in the implementation process. The advanced registered nurse will also act as coach and mentor in the use of the new system (Cowie et al., 2017). They will promote competency development in the users of the new system for the realization of the desired goals in its use in the organization.

Strategies for Implementing the New EHR Proposal

The successful implementation of the new EHR proposal will require the consideration of a number of strategies. One of them will be communication. The users of the new system will be informed about the intended changes in EHR system. Communication will be achieved through internal memos in the organization. The second strategy will be training. The users will be trained to ensure they are competent in using the new system. Training will also minimize the risk of resistance to change from the users (Hussey & Kennedy, 2021). The implementation process will also be systematic. Accordingly, new order sets related to the system will be introduced gradually for use in the organization, as the old system is replaced. A plan for human resource management during the implementation will also be developed. The plan will guide the use of the allocated resources as well as the evaluation of whether the set goals and objectives of the new system are being achieved (Barrett, 2018). Regular assessments will be done to ensure that continuous quality improvement is achieved in system implementation process.

Professional, Ethical and Regulatory Standards

Professional, ethical, and regulatory standards should be incorporated into the implementation of the new electronic health records system. The professional regulatory standards that must be considered include undertaking risk analysis of the system as well as acquiring HIPAA compliance certificate. A risk analysis will enable the identification of institutional weaknesses that should be addressed for the efficient use of the new system (Rathert et al., 2019). The organization also has to obtain HIPAA certificate to ensure that its practices align with those of the regulation as well as promoting the safe use of information technologies in healthcare. The institution should abide with the regulatory provisions of HIPAA and HITECH regulations by performing regular assessment of the systems and undertaking the necessary improvements. The institution should also train its providers on a regular basis to ensure the staffs have the needed competencies in ensuring safe use of the new system. Ethical standards must also be adhered to in the adoption of the new system. The institution and its staffs must ensure the protection of data privacy and confidentiality. They ensure the safe use of health information system by eliminating unintended access and use of the patient data. The healthcare providers must also demonstrate their compliance with HITECH and HIPAA regulations in all the processes of the new system use such as assessment, planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation (Hussey & Kennedy, 2021).

Evaluating Success

The success of the new EHR system will be evaluated from staff, setting, and patient perspectives to determine the effectiveness of the system as well as ensure continuous quality improvement. Surveys will be administered to the staffs to obtain information about their experiences with the new system. The surveys will provide information about the success of the new system and the things that should be improved to facilitate its optimum functioning. Questionnaires and surveys will also be administered to the patients. Patients will provide crucial information about their subjective experiences with the care given in the organization. They will provide information related to their perceived safety, quality, and efficiency of care they receive in the organization. The evaluation of the new system from the perspective of the setting will focus on safety and quality metrics of care (Sipes, 2019). It will focus on aspects such as timeliness of care, changes in safety and adverse events, and cost-efficiency and effectiveness of its operations.

Leadership Skills and Theories

One of the leadership skills that would be needed to facilitate collaboration with the interprofessional team and provide evidence-based, patient-centered care is team building. Team building is needed for effective inter-professional and evidence-based patient-centered care. The healthcare providers should be able to work in teams in assessing, planning, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating the plans of care utilized to address patient needs. The other skill is open communication. Open communication is important to eliminate errors in care, as well as strengthen the effectiveness of the inter-professional interventions utilized to achieve optimum outcomes in patient care (Hassmiller & Pulcini, 2020). The last skill is creativity. The leader should motivate the followers to utilize creative and innovative solutions that are unique to the needs of their patients. Creativity advances the safety, quality, and efficiency of patient care. The leadership theories that may be utilized include transformational, servant, and democratic leadership theories, as they aim at empowering team members take responsibility for the care given to patients (AL-Dossary, 2017).

Benchmark Electronic Health Record Implementation Paper Conclusion

The newly adopted EHR system should be able to facilitate the tracking of care improvements in the organization. It should also facilitate the efficient management of care across the different levels in the organization. Professional, ethics, and regulatory standards will influence the adoption of the new system. Healthcare providers and institutions should therefore strive to ensure that ethics and regulations that guide the use of health information systems are considered in the implementation process.

Benchmark Electronic Health Record Implementation Paper References

AL-Dossary, R. N. (2017). Leadership in Nursing. IntechOpen.

Barrett, A. K. (2018). Technological appropriations as workarounds: Integrating electronic health records and adaptive structuration theory research. Information Technology & People, 31(2), 368–387. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-01-2016-0023

Cowie, M. R., Blomster, J. I., Curtis, L. H., Duclaux, S., Ford, I., Fritz, F., Goldman, S., Janmohamed, S., Kreuzer, J., Leenay, M., Michel, A., Ong, S., Pell, J. P., Southworth, M. R., Stough, W. G., Thoenes, M., Zannad, F., & Zalewski, A. (2017). Electronic health records to facilitate clinical research. Clinical Research in Cardiology, 106(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-016-1025-6

Hassmiller, S. B., & Pulcini, J. (2020). Advanced Practice Nursing Leadership: A Global Perspective. Springer Nature.

Hussey, P., & Kennedy, M. A. (2021). Introduction to Nursing Informatics. Springer International Publishing.

Rathert, C., Porter, T. H., Mittler, J. N., & Fleig-Palmer, M. (2019). Seven years after Meaningful Use: Physicians’ and nurses’ experiences with electronic health records. Health Care Management Review, 44(1), 30–40. https://doi.org/10.1097/HMR.0000000000000168

Sipes, C. (2019). Application of Nursing Informatics: Competencies, Skills, and Decision-Making. Springer Publishing Company.

Open and transparent communication between healthcare teams is essential for the safe delivery of patient care. Effective communication and collaboration between healthcare staff reduce adverse events, medication errors, morbidity, and mortality (Bardach, et al., 2017). Many communication technologies are available for patient care, such as email, cell phone, video conference, EHR (Electronic Health Records), and telemedicine. EHR has used chiefly for patient care. Interprofessional teams can utilize the EHR to coordinate and collaborate on care. EHR helps to collect and store patients’ information and share it between healthcare teams. It enhances patient care faster and safer and reduces miscommunication, adverse events, and medication errors. It is instrumental for nurses to communicate with providers, laboratories, pharmacies, and other interdisciplinary teams. Also, it helps to clear communication between teams. An electronic prescription system allows providers to prescribe medication to patients’ pharmacies. The feature of an alert system will determine drug interactions, adverse events, medication errors, and if they are allergic to that medicine. It is especially beneficial to prevent medication errors. In addition, patients also have access to their medical records, and they can communicate with their providers. So, EHR enhances communication between providers, nurses, patients, and interdisciplinary teams. It helps to see the plan of care and recommendations from distinct groups and assists in collaborating on the care and delivering quality patient care.

                                                                         Reference

Bardach, S. H., Real, K., & Bardach, D. R. (2017). Perspectives of healthcare practitioners: An exploration of interprofessional communication using electronic medical records. Journal of interprofessional care, 31(3), 300–306. https://doi.org/10.1080/13561820.2016.1269312