Assignment: Literature Review: The Use Of Clinical Systems To Improve Outcomes And Efficiencies

You brought out some essential points, Benefits overtake the challenges like internet connectivity and other hurdles, but I want to add more about Mobile health to your post,

In my Home Health RN practice, I found helpful changes due to increased use in medication management, diabetic management, infection control, immediate response to symptom change, and many more services.

Mobile apps offered by pharmacies such as CVS and Walgreens can be incredibly beneficial and convenient for patients, particularly those who take multiple medications or have complex medication regimens (Asiri, Khalifa, El-Metwally, & Househ, 2018). These apps typically allow patients to manage their prescriptions, including requesting refills, setting reminders for when to take medications, and receiving notifications when it’s time to refill their medications (Tachakra & Wang, 2017). This can be especially helpful for geriatric patients, who may have difficulty remembering when to take their medications or managing multiple prescriptions. Mobile apps can help to reduce the risk of medication errors, such as taking the wrong medication or missing a dose, by providing patients with accurate information about their prescriptions and reminding them when it’s time to take their medications (Wei & Knight, 2020). Overall, mobile apps offered by pharmacies can be a valuable tool for patients, improving medication adherence and reducing the risk of adverse events (Asiri et al., 2018; Tachakra & Wang, 2017; Wei & Knight, 2020).

Added to this are the Computerized physician order entry (CPOE) systems, which later became Mobile order placement, mainly through the use of electronic health records, has been shown to improve patient safety by reducing the risk of errors and adverse events, as well as enhance efficiency by eliminating the possible errors in paper-based order entry and transcription (Koppel, Metlay, Cohen, Abaluck, Localio, Kimmel, & Strom, 2005). Mobile order placement also helps to reduce delays in care and improve the overall quality of care provided to patients (Koppel et al., 2005).

All these new inventions and additions are improving the quality of care by all providers.

References:

Asiri, E., Khalifa, M., El-Metwally, A., & Househ, M. (2018). Evaluation of medication management mobile applications available on app stores in the United States: A content analysis. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 6(4), e74. https://doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.8812

Links to an external site.

Koppel, R., Metlay, J. P., Cohen, A., Abaluck, B., Localio, A. R., Kimmel, S. E., & Strom, B. L. (2005). Role of computerized physician order entry systems in facilitating medication errors. Journal of the American Medical Association, 293(10), 1197-1203. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.293.10.1197

Links to an external site.

Tachakra, S., & Wang, X. H. (2017). A systematic review of mobile apps for medication management: Examining the user interface and usability. Journal of Medical Systems, 41(7), 111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-017-0762-5

Links to an external site.

Wei, C., & Knight, J. (2020). Medication adherence apps: Review and content analysis. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 8(3), e14080. https://doi.org/10.2196/14080

Assignment: Literature Review: The Use Of Clinical Systems To Improve Outcomes And Efficiencies

In this Assignment, you will review existing research focused on the application of clinical systems. After reviewing, you will summarize your findings.

To Prepare:

Review the Resources and reflect on the impact of clinical systems on outcomes and efficiencies within the context of nursing practice and healthcare delivery.
Conduct a search for recent (within the last 5 years) research focused on the application of clinical systems. The research should provide evidence to support the use of one type of clinical system to improve outcomes and/or efficiencies, such as “the use of personal health records or portals to support patients newly diagnosed with diabetes.”
Identify and select 5 peer-reviewed articles from your research.

The Assignment: (4-5 pages)

In a 4- to 5-page paper, synthesize the peer-reviewed research you reviewed. Be sure to address the following:

Identify the 5 peer-reviewed articles you reviewed, citing each in APA format.
Summarize each study, explaining the improvement to outcomes, efficiencies, and lessons learned from the application of the clinical system each peer-reviewed article described. Be specific and provide examples.

The patient portal is a secure online that enables patients to access their health data whenever they require it. It has 24/7 accessibility, which reduces the need for patients to contact their primary care provider’s (PCP) office to inquire about their scheduled appointments or their prescribed medications (Sieck et al., 2018). The portal lets them view and download health information such as immunization records, diagnostic test results, allergies, prescriptions, previous PCP visits, instructions and appointment notes, discharge summaries, and billing information(Sieck et al., 2018). Patient portals increase patients’ access to health care and health information, thus improving patients’ outcomes and functional status and decreasing healthcare costs. Patients with chronic conditions benefit the most from using the portals as they are the highest consumers of healthcare.

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The purpose of this paper is to summarize peer-reviewed articles that examine the impact of patient portals in improving patient outcomes and outline the lessons learned from the application of patient portals in each article.

Alturkistani, A., Qavi, A., Anyanwu, P. E., Greenfield, G., Greaves, F., & Costelloe, C. (2020). Patient portal functionalities and patient outcomes among patients with diabetes: Systematic review. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(9), e18976. https://doi.org/10.2196/18976

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Alturkistani et al. (2020) conducted a systematic review to outline the evidence concerning the use of patient portal use and patient portal functionality use and their reported connection with health and outcomes in health care quality among adult diabetic patients. The review included twelve studies, which reported: The overall patient portal use and its connection with diabetes health and health quality outcomes; E-messaging/email use– related outcomes; Prescription refill–related outcomes. The reported health outcomes included the association of patient portal use with blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and BMI.

The studies in the systematic review reported that patient portals and patient portal functionality attributed to improved health outcomes, such as glycemic control in DM patients. Besides, secure messaging, emailing, and repeat prescription ordering using the patient portal were connected with enhanced glycemic control, and patient outcomes seemed to improve with increased portal use. It was also established that the use of the patient portal might be connected with enhanced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol outcomes and blood pressure control. From this article, we learn that patient portals use and patient portal functionality can impact the utilization of health care services and can result in increased office visits and reduced emergency department visits. The article establishes that patient portal use is connected with improved quality of care for diabetic patients, thus improving their health outcomes.

Carini, E., Villani, L., Pezzullo, A. M., Gentili, A., Barbara, A., Ricciardi, W., & Boccia, S. (2021). The impact of digital patient portals on health outcomes, system efficiency, and patient attitudes: Updated systematic literature review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(9), e26189. https://doi.org/10.2196/26189

Carini et al. (2021) conducted a systematic review to summarize the available evidence on the effect of patient portals on health outcomes and health care efficiency and to explore user characteristics, attitudes, and satisfaction. The researchers used primary studies discussing the impact of the adoption of the patient portal with regard to health outcomes, efficiencies in health care, and patient attitudes and satisfaction. The study found that patient portals were associated with improved preventive behaviors among patients and improved control of chronic conditions with enhanced control of diabetes parameters and asthma flares. In addition, patient portals were associated with positive results in control and maintenance of diseases and improved adherence to treatment. Patient portals also reduced the number of missed appointments.

From the article, we learn that the patient portal is usually designed to minimize inappropriate health care utilization. However, barriers are limiting the utilization of portals, including user-related factors, such as time constraints, lack of interest in managing their disease, and inadequate digital knowledge. There are also clinician-related barriers, such as age and attitude toward the portal, as well as technology-related barriers, such as limited internet access, limited capacity to use technology, and security concerns. Therefore, health organizations should address privacy and security concerns and ensure patients and providers can utilize technological appliances when introducing patient portals in their settings.

Dendere, R., Slade, C., Burton-Jones, A., Sullivan, C., Staib, A., & Janda, M. (2019). Patient Portals Facilitating Engagement With Inpatient Electronic Medical Records: A Systematic Review. Journal of medical Internet research, 21(4), e12779. https://doi.org/10.2196/12779

Dendere et al. (2019) sought to review literature examining patient portals connected to an EMR in inpatient settings, including the portals’ role in patient engagement and their impact on health care delivery to establish factors and best practices for successful portal implementation. The study employed a systematic review of the literature. It found that patient portals improved patient engagement, patient safety, medication adherence, and patient-provider communication. Although patients and providers perceived that portals could improve patient care, they also thought it could cause anxiety. We learn from the article that patient portals are beneficial as they have improved medication adherence, promoted the discovery of medical errors, and enhanced patient-provider communication. Besides, we learn that improving patient engagement is an aim of patient portals, but the providers’ engagement is equally important as patients approach them with portal-related questions.

Han, H. R., Gleason, K. T., Sun, C. A., Miller, H. N., Kang, S. J., Chow, S., … & Bauer, T. (2019). Using patient portals to improve patient outcomes: systematic review. JMIR human factors, 6(4), e15038. https://doi.org/10.2196/15038

Han et al. (2019) conducted a systematic review to synthesize evidence concerning patient portals’ characteristics and psychobehavioral and clinical outcomes. The study found that most portals employed tailored alerts or educational resources tailored to a patient’s disease. The use of patient portals contributed to improvements in a myriad of psychobehavioral outcomes, including health knowledge, medication adherence, decision making, self-efficacy, and preventive service use. The impact of the patient portal on health outcomes included improved glycemic control, blood pressure, cholesterol, and weight loss. The study’s findings demonstrate the patient portal as a promising approach to improving particular psychological outcomes and health behaviors through simple strategies such as individually tailored messages, refill services, and communication between the patient and the PCP. We learn from the article that understanding the role of patient portals as a useful intervention approach is crucial to encouraging patients to be actively involved in their health care.

Conclusion

The above articles examined the impact of using patient portals in improving health outcomes, including outcomes of diabetes patients. The articles establish that patient portals enhance patient engagement and provider-patient communication resulting in improved preventive behaviors, control of chronic diseases, and health outcomes. Patient portals also enhance care safety by reducing medical errors and increasing medication adherence resulting in better health outcomes. However, for the maximum adoption of patient portals, organizations should address digital knowledge, privacy, and security issues to increase engagement from patients and providers.

References

Sieck, C. J., Hefner, J. L., & McAlearney, A. S. (2018). Improving the patient experience through patient portals: Insights from experienced portal users. Patient Experience Journal, 5(3), 47-54. https://pxjournal.org/journal/vol5/iss3/8

I enjoyed reading your post. I also concur that patients can consult their doctors through telehealth services thanks to modern computer technology. One of the most important healthcare trends currently is telehealth, particularly in light of the COVID-19 epidemic. Home telehealth care is predicted to give extended care to the growing number of senior Americans living with difficult chronic diseases and disorders, making it the most promising area of concentration for nurses (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2018). Technology is making it simpler for doctors and other professionals to routinely and automatically check patients for a variety of chronic conditions at home (Waldren et al., 2017). Clinical consultations can now be conducted over video conversations thanks to telehealth, ensuring that patients continue to receive the treatment they require while while adhering to infection control protocols. The licensing requirement, which requires that the nurse delivering the treatment be licensed in the state where the patient resides due to a lack of interstate licensing, is one of the difficulties that may be encountered when using this technology (Mahoney, 2020). This means that in order to practice telemedicine remotely outside of the state they are currently located in, a nurse or other medical practitioner must obtain multiple licenses in different states.

Assignment: Literature Review: The Use Of Clinical Systems To Improve Outcomes And Efficiencies